ranges. Therefore, the time-dependency ranges identified within the input sequences that each ARG prediction relies on.
The studies suggest that the DOM composition, bacteria, and ARGs are distributed in seawater and sea ice, and can affect atmosphere on a global scale. Especially, in the Southern Ocean, the release of sea ice or glacier DOM and its biological significance will increase the understanding of organic aerosols in the atmosphere due to a global warming with increasing ice losses. Moreover, deep learning approaches can provide a wide range of insights that can be applied to predict environmental changes and the most influential factors, even in distant places such as the Antarctica. Therefore, this study is of great significance in that monitoring and modeling DOM composition, bacteria, and ARGs in a wide range of ocean can immediate countermeasures against “climate change”.
Reference
Abadi, M., Barham, P., Chen, J., Chen, Z., Davis, A., Dean, J., Devin, M., Ghemawat, S., Irving, G. and Isard, M. 2016 Tensorflow: A system for large-scale machine learning, pp. 265-283.
Abbas, A., Baek, S., Kim, M., Ligaray, M., Ribolzi, O., Silvera, N., Min, J.-H., Boithias, L. and Cho, K.H., 2020. Surface and sub-surface flow estimation at high temporal resolution using deep neural networks. Journal of Hydrology, 125370.
Abimbola, O.P., Mittelstet, A.R., Messer, T.L., Berry, E.D., Bartelt-Hunt, S.L. and Hansen, S.P., 2020.
Predicting Escherichia coli loads in cascading dams with machine learning: An integration of hydrometeorology, animal density and grazing pattern. Sci. Total Environ. 722, 137894.
Agersø, Y., Pedersen, A.G. and Aarestrup, F.M., 2006. Identification of Tn 5397-like and Tn 916-like transposons and diversity of the tetracycline resistance gene tet (M) in enterococci from humans, pigs and poultry. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 57(5), 832-839.
Alderkamp, A.-C., Van Dijken, G.L., Lowry, K.E., Connelly, T.L., Lagerström, M., Sherrell, R.M., Haskins, C., Rogalsky, E., Schofield, O. and Stammerjohn, S.E., 2015. Fe availability drives phytoplankton photosynthesis rates during spring bloom in the Amundsen Sea Polynya, AntarcticaFe availability drives photosynthesis in Amundsen Sea Polynya. Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene 3.
Allen, H.K., Moe, L.A., Rodbumrer, J., Gaarder, A. and Handelsman, J., 2009. Functional metagenomics reveals diverse β-lactamases in a remote Alaskan soil. The ISME Journal 3(2), 243-251.
Aller, J.Y., Kuznetsova, M.R., Jahns, C.J. and Kemp, P.F., 2005. The sea surface microlayer as a source of viral and bacterial enrichment in marine aerosols. J. Aerosol Sci 36(5-6), 801-812.
Aller, J.Y., Radway, J.C., Kilthau, W.P., Bothe, D.W., Wilson, T.W., Vaillancourt, R.D., Quinn, P.K., Coffman, D.J., Murray, B.J. and Knopf, D.A., 2017. Size-resolved characterization of the polysaccharidic and proteinaceous components of sea spray aerosol. Atmos. Environ. 154, 331- 347.
Alpert, P.A., Kilthau, W.P., Bothe, D.W., Radway, J.C., Aller, J.Y. and Knopf, D.A., 2015. The influence of marine microbial activities on aerosol production: A laboratory mesocosm study. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 120(17), 8841-8860.
Andersen, S.R., Sandaa, R.-A.J.A. and Microbiology, E., 1994. Distribution of tetracycline resistance determinants among gram-negative bacteria isolated from polluted and unpolluted marine sediments. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 60(3), 908-912.
Andrychowicz, M., Denil, M., Gomez, S., Hoffman, M.W., Pfau, D., Schaul, T., Shillingford, B. and De Freitas, N., 2016. Learning to learn by gradient descent by gradient descent. arXiv Pre-print.
Archer, S.D., Lee, K.C., Caruso, T., Maki, T., Lee, C.K., Cary, S.C., Cowan, D.A., Maestre, F.T. and Pointing, S.B., 2019. Airborne microbial transport limitation to isolated Antarctic soil habitats.
Nature Microbiology 4(6), 925-932.
Arrigo, K.R., Van Dijken, G.L. and Bushinsky, S., 2008. Primary production in the Southern Ocean, 1997–2006. J. Geophys. Res. 113(C8).
Asmala, E., Stedmon, C.A. and Thomas, D.N., 2012. Linking CDOM spectral absorption to dissolved organic carbon concentrations and loadings in boreal estuaries. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 111, 107-117.
Badgley, B.D., Nayak, B.S. and Harwood, V.J., 2010. The importance of sediment and submerged aquatic vegetation as potential habitats for persistent strains of enterococci in a subtropical watershed. Water Res. 44(20), 5857-5866.
Baek, S.-S., Choi, Y., Jeon, J., Pyo, J., Park, J. and Cho, K.H., 2021. Replacing the internal standard to estimate micropollutants using deep and machine learning. Water Res. 188, 116535.
Baek, S., Jeon, J., Lee, H., Park, J. and Cho, K.H., 2019. Investigating Influence of Hydrological Regime on Organic Matters Characteristic in a Korean Watershed. Water 11(3), 512.
Bahdanau, D., Chorowski, J., Serdyuk, D., Brakel, P. and Bengio, Y. 2016 End-to-end attention-based
large vocabulary speech recognition, IEEE.
Baquero, F., Negri, M.-C., Morosini, M.-I. and Blázquez, J., 1998. Antibiotic-selective environments.
Clin. Infect. Dis. 27(Supplement_1), S5-S11.
Barbaro, E., Padoan, S., Kirchgeorg, T., Zangrando, R., Toscano, G., Barbante, C. and Gambaro, A., 2017a. Particle size distribution of inorganic and organic ions in coastal and inland Antarctic aerosol. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 24(3), 2724-2733.
Barbaro, E., Spolaor, A., Karroca, O., Park, K.-T., Martma, T., Isaksson, E., Kohler, J., Gallet, J.C., Bjorkman, M.P., Cappelletti, D., Spreen, G., Zangrando, R., Barbante, C. and Gambaro, A., 2017b. Free amino acids in the Arctic snow and ice core samples: Potential markers for paleoclimatic studies. Sci. Total Environ. 607-608, 454-462.
Baron, S.A., Diene, S.M. and Rolain, J.-M., 2018. Human microbiomes and antibiotic resistance.
Human Microbiome Journal 10, 43-52.
Barzegar, R., Aalami, M.T. and Adamowski, J., 2020. Short-term water quality variable prediction using a hybrid CNN–LSTM deep learning model. Stoch. Environ. Res. Risk Assess., 1-19.
Bauer, H., Giebl, H., Hitzenberger, R., Kasper‐Giebl, A., Reischl, G., Zibuschka, F. and Puxbaum, H., 2003. Airborne bacteria as cloud condensation nuclei. Journal of Geophysical Research:
Atmospheres 108(D21).
Bedri, Z., O’Sullivan, J.J., Deering, L.A., Demeter, K., Masterson, B., Meijer, W.G. and O’Hare, G., 2015. Assessing the water quality response to an alternative sewage disposal strategy at bathing sites on the east coast of Ireland. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 91(1), 330-346.
Belkin, I.M. and Gordon, A.L., 1996. Southern Ocean fronts from the Greenwich meridian to Tasmania.
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 101(C2), 3675-3696.
Bendle, J.A., Kawamura, K. and Yamazaki, K., 2006. Seasonal changes in stable carbon isotopic composition of n-alkanes in the marine aerosols from the western North Pacific: Implications for the source and atmospheric transport. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 70(1), 13-26.
Bengtsson-Palme, J., Boulund, F., Fick, J., Kristiansson, E. and Larsson, D.G.J., 2014. Shotgun metagenomics reveals a wide array of antibiotic resistance genes and mobile elements in a polluted lake in India. Front. Microbiol. 5, 648.
Bercovici, S.K. and Hansell, D.A., 2016. Dissolved organic carbon in the deep Southern Ocean: Local versus distant controls. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 30(2), 350-360.
Bhatia, M.P., Das, S.B., Longnecker, K., Charette, M.A. and Kujawinski, E.B., 2010. Molecular characterization of dissolved organic matter associated with the Greenland ice sheet. Geochim.
Cosmochim. Acta 74(13), 3768-3784.
Bolyen, E., Rideout, J.R., Dillon, M.R., Bokulich, N.A., Abnet, C.C., Al-Ghalith, G.A., Alexander, H., Alm, E.J., Arumugam, M., Asnicar, F., Bai, Y., Bisanz, J.E., Bittinger, K., Brejnrod, A., Brislawn, C.J., Brown, C.T., Callahan, B.J., Caraballo-Rodríguez, A.M., Chase, J., Cope, E.K., Da Silva, R., Diener, C., Dorrestein, P.C., Douglas, G.M., Durall, D.M., Duvallet, C., Edwardson, C.F., Ernst, M., Estaki, M., Fouquier, J., Gauglitz, J.M., Gibbons, S.M., Gibson, D.L., Gonzalez, A., Gorlick, K., Guo, J., Hillmann, B., Holmes, S., Holste, H., Huttenhower, C., Huttley, G.A., Janssen, S., Jarmusch, A.K., Jiang, L., Kaehler, B.D., Kang, K.B., Keefe, C.R., Keim, P., Kelley, S.T., Knights, D., Koester, I., Kosciolek, T., Kreps, J., Langille, M.G.I., Lee, J., Ley, R., Liu, Y.-X., Loftfield, E., Lozupone, C., Maher, M., Marotz, C., Martin, B.D., McDonald, D., McIver, L.J., Melnik, A.V., Metcalf, J.L., Morgan, S.C., Morton, J.T., Naimey, A.T., Navas-Molina, J.A., Nothias, L.F., Orchanian, S.B., Pearson, T., Peoples, S.L., Petras, D., Preuss, M.L., Pruesse, E., Rasmussen, L.B., Rivers, A., Robeson, M.S., Rosenthal, P., Segata, N., Shaffer, M., Shiffer, A., Sinha, R., Song, S.J., Spear, J.R., Swafford, A.D., Thompson, L.R., Torres, P.J., Trinh, P., Tripathi, A., Turnbaugh, P.J., Ul-Hasan, S., Van Der Hooft, J.J.J., Vargas, F., Vázquez-Baeza, Y., Vogtmann, E., Von Hippel, M., Walters, W., Wan, Y., Wang, M., Warren, J., Weber, K.C., Williamson, C.H.D., Willis, A.D., Xu, Z.Z., Zaneveld, J.R., Zhang, Y., Zhu, Q., Knight, R. and Caporaso, J.G., 2019. Reproducible, interactive, scalable and extensible microbiome data science using QIIME 2. Nat. Biotechnol. 37(8), 852-857.
Borah, D.K. and Bera, M., 2004. Watershed-scale hydrologic and nonpoint-source pollution models:
Review of applications. Trans. ASAE 47(3), 789.
Bowers, R.M., Lauber, C.L., Wiedinmyer, C., Hamady, M., Hallar, A.G., Fall, R., Knight, R. and Fierer, N., 2009. Characterization of airborne microbial communities at a high-elevation site and their potential to act as atmospheric ice nuclei. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75(15), 5121-5130.
Bricaud, A., Morel, A. and Prieur, L., 1981. Absorption by dissolved organic matter of the sea (yellow substance) in the UV and visible domains. Limnol. Oceanogr. 26(1), 43-53.
Brinks, M.V., Dwight, R.H., Osgood, N.D., Sharavanakumar, G., Turbow, D.J., El-Gohary, M., Caplan, J.S. and Semenza, J.C., 2008. Health risk of bathing in Southern California coastal waters. Arch.
Environ. Occup. Health 63(3), 123-135.
Brogi, S.R., Ha, S.-Y., Kim, K., Derrien, M., Lee, Y.K. and Hur, J., 2018. Optical and molecular characterization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the Arctic ice core and the underlying seawater (Cambridge Bay, Canada): Implication for increased autochthonous DOM during ice melting. Sci. Total Environ. 627, 802-811.
Bucci, J.P., Shattuck, M.D., Aytur, S.A., Carey, R. and McDowell, W.H., 2017. A case study characterizing animal fecal sources in surface water using a mitochondrial DNA marker.
Environ Monit Assess 189(8), 406.
Budillon, G. and Rintoul, S.R., 2003. Fronts and upper ocean thermal variability south of New Zealand.
Antarct. Sci. 15(1), 141-152.
Burrows, S., Butler, T., Jöckel, P., Tost, H., Kerkweg, A., Pöschl, U. and Lawrence, M., 2009a. Bacteria in the global atmosphere-Part 2: Modeling of emissions and transport between different ecosystems. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9(23), 9281-9297.
Burrows, S.M., Elbert, W., Lawrence, M. and Pöschl, U., 2009b. Bacteria in the global atmosphere-Part 1: Review and synthesis of literature data for different ecosystems. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9(23), 9263-9280.
Byeon, S.-J., Choi, G.-W. and Jo, H.-G., 2011. A study on discharged coliform into coastal bathing water after rainfall event. Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 11(5), 337-344.
Calero-Cáceres, W. and Balcázar, J.L., 2019. Antibiotic resistance genes in bacteriophages from diverse marine habitats. Sci. Total Environ. 654, 452-455.
Carney, R.L., Labbate, M., Siboni, N., Tagg, K.A., Mitrovic, S.M. and Seymour, J.R., 2019. Urban beaches are environmental hotspots for antibiotic resistance following rainfall. Water Res. 167, 115081.
Castillo, C.R., Sarmento, H., Alvarez-Salgado, X.A., Gasol, J.M. and Marraséa, C., 2010. Production of chromophoric dissolved organic matter by marine phytoplankton. Limnol. Oceanogr. 55(1), 446-454.
Cavalli, F., Facchini, M., Decesari, S., Mircea, M., Emblico, L., Fuzzi, S., Ceburnis, D., Yoon, Y., O'Dowd, C. and Putaud, J.P., 2004. Advances in characterization of size‐resolved organic matter in marine aerosol over the North Atlantic. Journal of Geophysical Research:
Atmospheres 109(D24).
CDC 2020 About Antibiotic Resistance.
Ceburnis, D., Masalaite, A., Ovadnevaite, J., Garbaras, A., Remeikis, V., Maenhaut, W., Claeys, M., Sciare, J., Baisnée, D. and O’Dowd, C.D., 2016. Stable isotopes measurements reveal dual carbon pools contributing to organic matter enrichment in marine aerosol. Sci. Rep. 6, 36675.
Ceburnis, D., O'Dowd, C.D., Jennings, G.S., Facchini, M.C., Emblico, L., Decesari, S., Fuzzi, S. and Sakalys, J., 2008. Marine aerosol chemistry gradients: Elucidating primary and secondary processes and fluxes. Geophys. Res. Lett. 35(7), n/a-n/a.
Che, Z., Purushotham, S., Cho, K., Sontag, D. and Liu, Y., 2018. Recurrent neural networks for multivariate time series with missing values. Sci. Rep. 8(1), 1-12.
Chen, B., Yang, Y., Liang, X., Yu, K., Zhang, T. and Li, X., 2013. Metagenomic profiles of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) between human impacted estuary and deep ocean sediments.
Environmental science & technology 47(22), 12753-12760.
Chen, W., Westerhoff, P., Leenheer, J.A. and Booksh, K., 2003. Fluorescence excitation− emission matrix regional integration to quantify spectra for dissolved organic matter. Environ. Sci.
Technol. 37(24), 5701-5710.
Choi, J., Jang, E., Yoon, Y., Park, J., Kim, T.W., Becagli, S., Caiazzo, L., Cappelletti, D., Krejci, R. and Eleftheriadis, K., 2019. Influence of biogenic organics on the chemical composition of Arctic aerosols. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 33(10), 1238-1250.
Choi, S.-H., Lee, S.-M., Kim, G.-S., Kim, M.-H., Ji, H.-S., Jeong, Y.-N., Yoo, E.-C. and Cho, J.-G., 2016. Effects of Rainfall on Microbial Water Quality on Haeundae and Gwangan Swimming Beach. J. Bacteriol. Virol. 46(2), 71-83.
Chollet, F. (2018) Deep Learning mit Python und Keras: Das Praxis-Handbuch vom Entwickler der Keras-Bibliothek, MITP-Verlags GmbH & Co. KG.
Chopra, I. and Roberts, M., 2001. Tetracycline Antibiotics: Mode of Action, Applications, Molecular Biology, and Epidemiology of Bacterial Resistance. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 65(2), 232-260.
Coble, P., Zepp, R. and Zika, R., 2004. CDOM in the ocean: Characterization, distribution and transformation ocean sciences meeting, Honolulu, HI, 11-15 Feb. 2002. Mar. Chem. 89, 3-327.
Coble, P.G., 1996. Characterization of marine and terrestrial DOM in seawater using excitation- emission matrix spectroscopy. Mar. Chem. 51(4), 325-346.
Coble, P.G., 2007. Marine optical biogeochemistry: the chemistry of ocean color. Chem. Rev. 107(2), 402-418.
Coble, P.G., Del Castillo, C.E. and Avril, B., 1998. Distribution and optical properties of CDOM in the Arabian Sea during the 1995 Southwest Monsoon. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 45(10-11), 2195-2223.
Creamean, J.M., Suski, K.J., Rosenfeld, D., Cazorla, A., DeMott, P.J., Sullivan, R.C., White, A.B., Ralph, F.M., Minnis, P. and Comstock, J.M., 2013. Dust and biological aerosols from the Sahara and Asia influence precipitation in the western US. Science 339(6127), 1572-1578.
Cunliffe, M., Engel, A., Frka, S., Gašparović, B., Guitart, C., Murrell, J.C., Salter, M., Stolle, C., Upstill- Goddard, R. and Wurl, O., 2013. Sea surface microlayers: A unified physicochemical and biological perspective of the air–ocean interface. Prog. Oceanogr. 109, 104-116.
D'Andrilli, J., Cooper, W.T., Foreman, C.M. and Marshall, A.G., 2015. An ultrahigh‐resolution mass spectrometry index to estimate natural organic matter lability. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom.
29(24), 2385-2401.
D’Costa, V.M., King, C.E., Kalan, L., Morar, M., Sung, W.W., Schwarz, C., Froese, D., Zazula, G., Calmels, F. and Debruyne, R., 2011. Antibiotic resistance is ancient. Nature 477(7365), 457.
Daghrir, R. and Drogui, P., 2013. Tetracycline antibiotics in the environment: a review. Environ. Chem.
Lett. 11(3), 209-227.
de Castro, A.P., Fernandes, G.d.R. and Franco, O.L., 2014. Insights into novel antimicrobial compounds and antibiotic resistance genes from soil metagenomes. Front. Microbiol. 5, 489.
De Leeuw, G., Andreas, E.L., Anguelova, M.D., Fairall, C.W., Lewis, E.R., O'Dowd, C., Schulz, M.
and Schwartz, S.E., 2011. Production flux of sea spray aerosol. Rev. Geophys. 49(2).
De Sanctis, A.E., Shang, F. and Uber, J.G., 2010. Real-time identification of possible contamination sources using network backtracking methods. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 136(4), 444-453.
Decesari, S., Finessi, E., Rinaldi, M., Paglione, M., Fuzzi, S., Stephanou, E.G., Tziaras, T., Spyros, A., Ceburnis, D., O'Dowd, C., Dall'Osto, M., Harrison, R.M., Allan, J., Coe, H. and Facchini, M.C., 2011. Primary and secondary marine organic aerosols over the North Atlantic Ocean during the MAP experiment. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 116(D22), n/a-n/a.
Derrien, M., Lee, Y. and Hur, J., 2017. Comparing the spectroscopic and molecular characteristics of different dissolved organic matter fractions isolated by hydrophobic and anionic exchange resins using fluorescence spectroscopy and FT-ICR-MS. Water 9(8), 555.
Després, V., Huffman, J.A., Burrows, S.M., Hoose, C., Safatov, A., Buryak, G., Fröhlich-Nowoisky, J., Elbert, W., Andreae, M. and Pöschl, U., 2012. Primary biological aerosol particles in the atmosphere: a review. Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology 64(1), 15598.
Dinar, E., Mentel, T. and Rudich, Y., 2006. The density of humic acids and humic like substances (HULIS) from fresh and aged wood burning and pollution aerosol particles. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 6(12), 5213-5224.
Directive, E., 2006. 7/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 February 2006 concerning the management of bathing water quality and repealing Directive 76/160/EEC.
Official Journal of the European Union 2013, L64.
Dong, P., Cui, Q., Fang, T., Huang, Y. and Wang, H., 2019. Occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial pathogens in water and sediment in urban recreational water. Journal of Environmental Sciences 77, 65-74.
Dungan, R.J.J.o.a.s., 2010. Board-invited review: Fate and transport of bioaerosols associated with livestock operations and manures. J. Anim. Sci. 88(11), 3693-3706.
Durno, W.E., Hanson, N.W., Konwar, K.M. and Hallam, S.J., 2013. Expanding the boundaries of local similarity analysis. BMC Genomics 14(1), S3.
Eganhouse, R. and Sherblom, P., 2001. Anthropogenic organic contaminants in the effluent of a combined sewer overflow: impact on Boston Harbor. Mar. Environ. Res. 51(1), 51-74.
Ericson, J.A., Hellessey, N., Nichols, P.D., Kawaguchi, S., Nicol, S., Hoem, N. and Virtue, P., 2018.
Seasonal and interannual variations in the fatty acid composition of adult Euphausia superba Dana, 1850 (Euphausiacea) samples derived from the Scotia Sea krill fishery. Journal of Crustacean Biology.
Facchini, M.C., Rinaldi, M., Decesari, S., Carbone, C., Finessi, E., Mircea, M., Fuzzi, S., Ceburnis, D., Flanagan, R., Nilsson, E.D., De Leeuw, G., Martino, M., Woeltjen, J. and O'Dowd, C.D., 2008.
Primary submicron marine aerosol dominated by insoluble organic colloids and aggregates.
Geophys. Res. Lett. 35(17).
Fahlgren, C., Gómez‐Consarnau, L., Zábori, J., Lindh, M.V., Krejci, R., Mårtensson, E.M., Nilsson, D.
and Pinhassi, J., 2015. Seawater mesocosm experiments in the A rctic uncover differential transfer of marine bacteria to aerosols. Environ. Microbiol. Rep. 7(3), 460-470.
Fang, H., Han, L., Zhang, H., Long, Z., Cai, L. and Yu, Y., 2018. Dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes and human pathogenic bacteria from a pig feedlot to the surrounding stream and agricultural soils. J. Hazard. Mater. 357, 53-62.
Fang, J., Kawamura, K., Ishimura, Y. and Matsumoto, K., 2002. Carbon Isotopic Composition of Fatty Acids in the Marine Aerosols from the Western North Pacific: Implication for the Source and Atmospheric Transport. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36(12), 2598-2604.
Feltracco, M., Barbaro, E., Spolaor, A., Vecchiato, M., Callegaro, A., Burgay, F., Vardè, M., Maffezzoli, N., Dallo, F., Scoto, F., Zangrando, R., Barbante, C. and Gambaro, A., 2021. Year-round measurements of size-segregated low molecular weight organic acids in Arctic aerosol. Sci.
Total Environ. 763, 142954.
Frazier, P.I., 2018. A tutorial on bayesian optimization. arXiv Pre-print.
Fresia, P., Antelo, V., Salazar, C., Giménez, M., D’Alessandro, B., Afshinnekoo, E., Mason, C., Gonnet, G.H. and Iraola, G., 2019. Urban metagenomics uncover antibiotic resistance reservoirs in coastal beach and sewage waters. Microbiome 7(1), 35.
Friedman, J.H., 2001. Greedy function approximation: a gradient boosting machine. Ann Stat 29(5), 1189-1232.
Fröhlich-Nowoisky, J., Kampf, C.J., Weber, B., Huffman, J.A., Pöhlker, C., Andreae, M.O., Lang-Yona, N., Burrows, S.M., Gunthe, S.S. and Elbert, W., 2016. Bioaerosols in the Earth system: Climate, health, and ecosystem interactions. Atmospheric Research 182, 346-376.
Fuentes, E., Coe, H., Green, D., Leeuw, G.d. and McFiggans, G., 2010. Laboratory-generated primary marine aerosol via bubble-bursting and atomization. Atmos Meas Tech 3(1), 141-162.
Furushita, M., Shiba, T., Maeda, T., Yahata, M., Kaneoka, A., Takahashi, Y., Torii, K., Hasegawa, T., Ohta, M.J.A. and microbiology, e., 2003. Similarity of tetracycline resistance genes isolated from fish farm bacteria to those from clinical isolates. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69(9), 5336-5342.
Gantt, B., Meskhidze, N., Kamykowski, D.J.A.C. and Physics, 2009. A new physically-based quantification of marine isoprene and primary organic aerosol emissions. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9(14), 4915-4927.
Gantt, B., Meskhidze, N.J.A.C. and Physics, 2013. The physical and chemical characteristics of marine primary organic aerosol: a review. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13(8), 3979-3996.
Gao, H., Zhang, L., Lu, Z., He, C., Li, Q. and Na, G., 2018. Complex migration of antibiotic resistance in natural aquatic environments. Environ. Pollut. 232, 1-9.
Garner, E., Chen, C., Xia, K., Bowers, J., Engelthaler, D.M., McLain, J., Edwards, M.A. and Pruden, A., 2018. Metagenomic Characterization of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Full-Scale Reclaimed Water Distribution Systems and Corresponding Potable Systems. Environ. Sci.
Technol. 52(11), 6113-6125.
George, D. and Mallery, M., 2010. SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference.
Ghiglione, J.F., Galand, P.E., Pommier, T., Pedros-Alio, C., Maas, E.W., Bakker, K., Bertilson, S., Kirchman, D.L., Lovejoy, C., Yager, P.L. and Murray, A.E., 2012. Pole-to-pole biogeography of surface and deep marine bacterial communities. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109(43), 17633-17638.
Giorio, C., Kehrwald, N., Barbante, C., Kalberer, M., King, A.C.F., Thomas, E.R., Wolff, E.W. and Zennaro, P., 2018. Prospects for reconstructing paleoenvironmental conditions from organic compounds in polar snow and ice. Quaternary Science Reviews 183, 1-22.
Giovannoni, S.J. and Vergin, K.L., 2012. Seasonality in ocean microbial communities. Science 335(6069), 671-676.
Gonçalves-Araujo, R., Granskog, M.A., Bracher, A., Azetsu-Scott, K., Dodd, P.A. and Stedmon, C.A., 2016. Using fluorescent dissolved organic matter to trace and distinguish the origin of Arctic surface waters. Sci. Rep. 6, 33978.
Goyal, S., Gerba, C. and Melnick, J., 1979. Transferable drug resistance in bacteria of coastal canal water and sediment. Water Res. 13(4), 349-356.
Grannas, A.M., Shepson, P.B. and Filley, T.R., 2004. Photochemistry and nature of organic matter in Arctic and Antarctic snow. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 18(1).
Gregor, K., Danihelka, I., Graves, A., Rezende, D.J. and Wierstra, D., 2015. Draw: A recurrent neural network for image generation. arXiv Pre-print.
Gregory, A.C., Zayed, A.A., Conceição-Neto, N., Temperton, B., Bolduc, B., Alberti, A., Ardyna, M., Arkhipova, K., Carmichael, M., Cruaud, C., Dimier, C., Domínguez-Huerta, G., Ferland, J., Kandels, S., Liu, Y., Marec, C., Pesant, S., Picheral, M., Pisarev, S., Poulain, J., Tremblay, J.- É., Vik, D., Babin, M., Bowler, C., Culley, A.I., De Vargas, C., Dutilh, B.E., Iudicone, D., Karp- Boss, L., Roux, S., Sunagawa, S., Wincker, P., Sullivan, M.B., Acinas, S.G., Babin, M., Bork, P., Boss, E., Bowler, C., Cochrane, G., De Vargas, C., Follows, M., Gorsky, G., Grimsley, N., Guidi, L., Hingamp, P., Iudicone, D., Jaillon, O., Kandels-Lewis, S., Karp-Boss, L., Karsenti, E., Not, F., Ogata, H., Pesant, S., Poulton, N., Raes, J., Sardet, C., Speich, S., Stemmann, L., Sullivan, M.B., Sunagawa, S. and Wincker, P., 2019. Marine DNA Viral Macro- and Microdiversity from Pole to Pole. Cell 177(5), 1109-1123.e1114.
Guan, Y., Jia, J., Wu, L., Xue, X., Zhang, G. and Wang, Z., 2018. Analysis of Bacterial Community Characteristics, Abundance of Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance Genes Along a Pollution Gradient of Ba River in Xi’an, China. Front. Microbiol. 9(3191).
Guo, X., Stedtfeld, R.D., Hedman, H., Eisenberg, J.N.S., Trueba, G., Yin, D., Tiedje, J.M. and Zhang, L., 2018. Antibiotic Resistome Associated with Small-Scale Poultry Production in Rural Ecuador. Environ. Sci. Technol. 52(15), 8165-8172.
Haeundae 2020 http://sunnfun.haeundae.go.kr.
Hafeez, S., Wong, M.S., Ho, H.C., Nazeer, M., Nichol, J., Abbas, S., Tang, D., Lee, K.H. and Pun, L., 2019. Comparison of machine learning algorithms for retrieval of water quality indicators in case-II waters: a case study of Hong Kong. Remote Sensing 11(6), 617.
Hansell, D.A. and Carlson, C.A. (2002) Biogeochemistry of marine dissolved organic matter, Academic Press.
Hansell, D.A., Carlson, C.A., Repeta, D.J. and Schlitzer, R., 2009. Dissolved organic matter in the ocean:
A controversy stimulates new insights. Oceanography 22(4), 202-211.
Hathaway, J., Hunt, W. and Simmons III, O., 2010. Statistical evaluation of factors affecting indicator bacteria in urban storm-water runoff. J. Environ. Eng. 136(12), 1360-1368.
Hedges, J.I., Eglinton, G., Hatcher, P.G., Kirchman, D.L., Arnosti, C., Derenne, S., Evershed, R.P., Kögel-Knabner, I., de Leeuw, J.W. and Littke, R., 2000. The molecularly-uncharacterized
component of nonliving organic matter in natural environments. Org. Geochem. 31(10), 945- 958.
Hernández, F., Calısto-Ulloa, N., Gómez-Fuentes, C., Gómez, M., Ferrer, J., González-Rocha, G., Bello-Toledo, H., Botero-Coy, A.M., Boıx, C., Ibáñez, M. and Montory, M., 2019. Occurrence of antibiotics and bacterial resistance in wastewater and sea water from the Antarctic. J. Hazard.
Mater. 363, 447-456.
Hernández, J., González-Acuña, D.J.I.e. and epidemiology, 2016. Anthropogenic antibiotic resistance genes mobilization to the polar regions. Infection Ecology and Epidemiology 6(1), 32112.
Herzsprung, P., von Tümpling, W., Hertkorn, N., Harir, M., Büttner, O., Bravidor, J., Friese, K. and Schmitt-Kopplin, P., 2012. Variations of DOM Quality in Inflows of a Drinking Water Reservoir: Linking of van Krevelen Diagrams with EEMF Spectra by Rank Correlation.
Environ. Sci. Technol. 46(10), 5511-5518.
Heuer, H., Krögerrecklenfort, E., Wellington, E., Egan, S., Van Elsas, J., Van Overbeek, L., Collard, J.- M., Guillaume, G., Karagouni, A. and Nikolakopoulou, T.J.F.m.e., 2002. Gentamicin resistance genes in environmental bacteria: prevalence and transfer. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 42(2), 289- 302.
Hirsch, R., Ternes, T., Haberer, K. and Kratz, K.-L., 1999. Occurrence of antibiotics in the aquatic environment. Sci. Total Environ. 225(1), 109-118.
Hlavsa, M.C., Roberts, V.A., Anderson, A.R., Hill, V.R., Kahler, A.M., Orr, M., Garrison, L.E., Hicks, L.A., Newton, A. and Hilborn, E.D., 2011. Surveillance for waterborne disease outbreaks and other health events associated with recreational water—United States, 2007–2008. Morb.
Mortal. Weekly Rep. 60(12), 1-32.
Hochreiter, S. and Schmidhuber, J., 1997. Long short-term memory. Neural Comput. 9(8), 1735-1780.
Hockaday, W.C., Purcell, J.M., Marshall, A.G., Baldock, J.A. and Hatcher, P.G., 2009. Electrospray and photoionization mass spectrometry for the characterization of organic matter in natural waters:
a qualitative assessment. Limnol. Oceanogr. Methods 7(1), 81-95.
Hodgkins, S.B., Tfaily, M.M., Podgorski, D.C., McCalley, C.K., Saleska, S.R., Crill, P.M., Rich, V.I., Chanton, J.P. and Cooper, W.T.J.G.e.c.a., 2016. Elemental composition and optical properties reveal changes in dissolved organic matter along a permafrost thaw chronosequence in a subarctic peatland. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 187, 123-140.
Hoffman, E.J. and Duce, R.A., 1976. Factors influencing the organic carbon content of marine aerosols:
A laboratory study. J. Geophys. Res. 81(21), 3667-3670.
Honjo, S., 2004. Particle export and the biological pump in the Southern Ocean. Antarct. Sci. 16(4), 501-516.
Hood, E., Fellman, J., Spencer, R.G.M., Hernes, P.J., Edwards, R., D’Amore, D. and Scott, D., 2009.
Glaciers as a source of ancient and labile organic matter to the marine environment. Nature 462(7276), 1044-1047.
Hu, W., Murata, K., Fukuyama, S., Kawai, Y., Oka, E., Uematsu, M. and Zhang, D., 2017. Concentration and Viability of Airborne Bacteria Over the Kuroshio Extension Region in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean: Data From Three Cruises. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 122(23), 12892-12905.
Hur, J., Williams, M.A. and Schlautman, M.A., 2006. Evaluating spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques to resolve dissolved organic matter via end member mixing analysis. Chemosphere 63(3), 387-402.
Hutter, F., Lücke, J. and Schmidt-Thieme, L., 2015. Beyond Manual Tuning of Hyperparameters.
Künstliche Intelligenz 29(4), 329-337.
Ibarbalz, F.M., Henry, N., Brandão, M.C., Martini, S., Busseni, G., Byrne, H., Coelho, L.P., Endo, H., Gasol, J.M., Gregory, A.C., Mahé, F., Rigonato, J., Royo-Llonch, M., Salazar, G., Sanz-Sáez, I., Scalco, E., Soviadan, D., Zayed, A.A., Zingone, A., Labadie, K., Ferland, J., Marec, C., Kandels, S., Picheral, M., Dimier, C., Poulain, J., Pisarev, S., Carmichael, M., Pesant, S., Babin, M., Boss, E., Iudicone, D., Jaillon, O., Acinas, S.G., Ogata, H., Pelletier, E., Stemmann, L., Sullivan, M.B., Sunagawa, S., Bopp, L., De Vargas, C., Karp-Boss, L., Wincker, P., Lombard, F., Bowler, C., Zinger, L., Acinas, S.G., Babin, M., Bork, P., Boss, E., Bowler, C., Cochrane,