V. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
5.2. Conclusion
This thesis has offered a comprehensive model for explaining when residents in Ulsan increase or decrease acceptance on the Ulsan offshore wind power project. We have investigated the individual and joint effects of profit-sharing schemes as well as the
29
conventional factors previously studied in the public acceptance literature. The findings drawn from the survey data obtained from 500 Ulsan residents have demonstrated that the effect of profit-sharing schemes on public acceptance is positive. Also, two-way interaction analyses of profit-sharing schemes with perceived costs and perceived benefits highlighted that profit-sharing scheme enhance the positive effect of perceived benefits, while they mitigate the negative effect of perceived costs. Further, this thesis verified the influences of well-established factors on public acceptance in the context of the Korean offshore wind power projects.
30
References
1. International Energy Agency, 2021, World Energy Outlook 2021
2. Korea Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Ministry of Environment, 2020, Plan for Offshore Wind Power Generation in Collaboration with Local Residents and the Fishing Industry (OSW Collaboration Plan)
3. Korea Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, 2017, Renewable Energy 3020 Plans 4. Global Wind Energy Council, 2022, GLOBAL WIND REPORT 2022, GWEC
5. Tampakis, S., Τsantopoulos, G., Arabatzis, G., & Rerras, I. (2013). Citizens’ views on various forms of energy and their contribution to the environment. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 20, 473-482.
6. Truelove, H. (2012). Energy source perceptions and policy support: Image associations, emotional evaluations, and cognitive beliefs. Energy Policy, 45, 478-489.
7. Pachauri, R.K., et al. (2014) AR5 Synthesis Report: Climate Change 2014. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva.
8. International Renewable Energy Agency, 2022 World Energy Transitions Outlook: 1.5°C Pathway
9. Korea Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, 2022, 3rd public-private joint offshore wind power TF meeting
10. Korea Renewable Energy Act Article 27-2 (Residents' Participation in New and Renewable Energy Power Generating Business)
11. Sugiawan, Y., & Managi, S. (2019). New evidence of energy-growth nexus from inclusive wealth. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 103, 40-48.
12. Wüstenhagen, R., Wolsink, M., & Bürer, M. J. (2007). Social acceptance of renewable energy innovation: An introduction to the concept. Energy policy, 35(5), 2683-2691.
13. Lee, D. H. (2020), A Study on the Acceptance Model of Offshore Wind Farm Construction and Deployment in Coastal Areas of Korea. The Journal of Korea Island, 32(4),67-87.
14. Firestone, J., Bates, A., & Knapp, L. A. (2015). See me, Feel me, Touch me, Heal me: Wind turbines, culture, landscapes, and sound impressions. Land Use Policy, 46, 241-249.
15. Ellis, G., & Ferraro, G. (2016). The social acceptance of wind energy. Where we stand and the path ahead. JRC Science for policy report. European Commission, Brussels.
16. Hall, N., Ashworth, P., & Devine-Wright, P. (2013). Societal acceptance of wind farms:
Analysis of four common themes across Australian case studies. Energy Policy, 58, 200-208.
17. Firestone, J., Hirt, C., Bidwell, D., Gardner, M., & Dwyer, J. (2020). Faring well in offshore
31
wind power siting? Trust, engagement and process fairness in the United States. Energy Research & Social Science, 62, 101393.
18. Rand, J., & Hoen, B. (2017). Thirty years of North American wind energy acceptance research:
What have we learned?. Energy research & social science, 29, 135-148.
19. Langer, K., Decker, T., & Menrad, K. (2017). Public participation in wind energy projects located in Germany: Which form of participation is the key to acceptance?. Renewable Energy, 112, 63-73.
20. Park, J., & Lee, S. (2021). A study on the public acceptance of offshore wind farm near Maldo. New & Renewable Energy, 17(3), 24-31.
21. Wang, J. S. (2012). Origins of Risk Conflicts on Science Technology: Knowledge or Feeling. The Korea Association for Policy Studies, 21(1), 219-251.
22. Golembiewski, R. T., & McConkie, M. (1975). The centrality of interpersonal trust in group processes. Theories of group processes, 131(1), 131-185.
23. Mayer, R., Davis, J., & Schoorman, F. (1995). An Integrative Model of Organizational Trust.
The Academy of Management Review, 20(3), 709-734.
24. Musall, F. D., & Kuik, O. (2011). Local acceptance of renewable energy—A case study from southeast Germany. Energy policy, 39(6), 3252-3260.
25. Ham, A., & Kang, S. (2018). Assessing the public preference and acceptance for renewable energy participation initiatives-focusing on photovoltaic power. Journal of Energy Engineering, 27(4), 36-49.
26. Blau, P. M. (1964). Justice in social exchange. Sociological inquiry, 34(2), 193-206.
27. Adams, J. S. (1965). Inequity in social exchange. In Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 267-299). Academic Press.
28. Deutsch, M. (1985). Distributive justice: A social-psychological perspective.
29. Tyler, T. R. (1994). Psychological models of the justice motive: Antecedents of distributive and procedural justice. Journal of personality and social psychology, 67(5), 850.
30. Kuehn, R. R. (2000). A taxonomy of environmental justice. Envtl. L. Rep. News & Analysis, 30, 10681.
31. Thibaut, J. W., & Walker, L. (1975). Procedural justice: A psychological analysis. L. Erlbaum Associates.
32. Lind, E. A., & Tyler, T. R. (1988). Procedural justice in organizations. In The social psychology of procedural justice (pp. 173-202). Springer, Boston, MA.
33. Aquino, K., Griffeth, R. W., Allen, D. G., & Hom, P. W. (1997). Integrating justice constructs into the turnover process: A test of a referent cognitions model. Academy of management Journal, 40(5), 1208-1227.
32
34. Sonnberger, M., & Ruddat, M. (2017). Local and socio-political acceptance of wind farms in Germany. Technology in Society, 51, 56-65.
35. Lee, Sang-Hoon, Yun, Seong-Gwon.(2015).Review of measures to enhance local acceptance of renewable energy projects.Environmental Law and Policy,15(),133-166.
36. Greenberg, M. (2009). Energy sources, public policy, and public preferences: Analysis of US national and site-specific data. Energy Policy, 37(8), 3242-3249.
37. Tanaka, Y. (2004). Major psychological factors determining public acceptance of the siting of nuclear facilities. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 34(6), 1147-1165.
38. Ten Brink, T., & Dalton, T. (2018). Perceptions of Commercial and Recreational Fishers on the Potential Ecological Impacts of the Block Island Wind Farm (US). Frontiers in Marine Science, 5, Frontiers in Marine Science, 2018-11-27, Vol.5.
39. Firestone, J., & Kempton, W. (2007). Public opinion about large offshore wind power:
Underlying factors. Energy Policy, 35(3), 1584-1598.
40. Glarou, M., Zrust, M., & Svendsen, J. (2020). Using Artificial-Reef Knowledge to Enhance the Ecological Function of Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations: Implications for Fish Abundance and Diversity. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 8(5), 332.
41. Langhamer, O. (2012). Artificial Reef Effect in relation to Offshore Renewable Energy Conversion: State of the Art. TheScientificWorld, 2012, 386713-8.
42. Baxter, J., Morzaria, R., & Hirsch, R. (2013). A case-control study of support/opposition to wind turbines: Perceptions of health risk, economic benefits, and community conflict. Energy policy, 61, 931-943.
43. Slattery, M., Johnson, B., Swofford, J., & Pasqualetti, M. (2012). The predominance of economic development in the support for large-scale wind farms in the U.S. Great Plains.
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(6), 3690-3701.
44. Smith, H., Smythe, T., Moore, A., Bidwell, D., & McCann, J. (2018). The social dynamics of turbine tourism and recreation: Introducing a mixed-method approach to the study of the first US offshore wind farm. Energy research & social science, 45, 307-317.
45. Walker, B. J., Wiersma, B., & Bailey, E. (2014). Community benefits, framing and the social acceptance of offshore wind farms: an experimental study in England. Energy Research &
Social Science, 3, 46-54.
46. Kim, T. H., Yoon, J. H., Jang, H., Choi, Y. W., Moon, J. W., Park, H. J., & Jeong, J. B (2015).
A Measurement of Local Acceptance for Locally Unwanted Land Uses based on Government 3.0(1), Basic research report, 2015(0): 1-149
47. Judge, G., Griffiths, W., Hill, R., & Lee, H. L. (1980). The theory and practice of econometrics.
John Wiley.