The present study analyzed how COVID-19 affects energy consumption patterns according to income levels and the evidence for energy security was presented that residents in low-income apartments could not use enough energy during the COVID-19. As a result, the low-income class living in public rental apartments significantly decreased energy consumption during the COVID-19 period compared to other classes. The living population estimated through the signal of the mobile phone increased in the public rental apartment complex during the COVID-19 period, but the energy consumption decreased. This means that low-income households have increased their stay at home, but have not used enough energy, suggesting that they have not received enough energy services due to the economic burden caused by COVID-19. In particular, this study is meaningful in that it was able to provide quantitative evidence that the prolonged COVID-19 has deepened the energy security problem in that energy consumption decreased the most at the end of COVID-19. In addition, the residential space of low-income neighbors was narrow and access to the park was reduced, which would have been a greater burden during the COVID-19 period.
In conclusion, the current social distancing slowed the spread of COVID-19 and bought time for the medical system to respond, but there were also negative side effects that increased the burden on the low-income population. A pleasant indoor environment and active indoor activities during unprecedented infectious disease disasters such as COVID-19 must be guaranteed for physical and mental health and further social sustainability. Therefore, support, such as renewable energy or energy vouchers, will need to be considered in future social distancing policies to help low-income households ease the burden of energy consumption and receive energy services.
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