• Tidak ada hasil yang ditemukan

64

65

This suggesting tool will help product development team members understand currently occurring conflicts they have and the main causes of the conflicts, and product and UX designers and other stakeholders could understand the importance of the relationship between product and UX designers.

Moreover, they will be able to figure out the better solution by them selves through using the conversation cards. As a result, the key contribution of this research is to help people to eliminate or reducing frequent conflicts in their collaborative teams, and save time and cost to accelerate better product development process.

While this research has achieved the research aims, several recommendations were considered as further development. For the ‘common sense tool’, it needs to be developed into two different levels.

One is for beginners who don’t know deeply about the different roles and close relationship between product and UX designers. The other one is for experts who generally understand the relationship between product and UX designers, but have difficulties in figuring out the solutions for reducing the conflicts.

For the ‘conversation tool’, it needs to be developed as a workshop based toolkit with a facilitator. In the real field, although they have this conversation tool, it’s really hard to get together to discuss their conflicts and solutions by themselves. Moreover, because this research was conducted based on designers point of view, it needs broader feedback from other team members such as engineers, marketers, and other related key stakeholders to be properly used by practitioners. To achieve these additional suggestions, more workshops and interviews need to be conducted with different collaborative team members in various companies.

66

REFERENCES

Abras, C., Maloney-Krichmar, D., & Preece, J. (2004). User-centered design. Bainbridge, W.

Encyclopedia of Human-Computer Interaction. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, 37(4), 445-456.

Ainamo, A. (2007). Coordination mechanisms in cross-functional teams: a product design perspective.

Journal of Marketing Management, 23(9/10), 841-860.

Berander, P., & Wohlin, C. (2004). Differences in views between development roles in software process improvement-a quantitative comparison.

Boeddrich, H. J. (2004). Ideas in the workplace: a new approach towards organizing the fuzzy front end of the innovation process. Creativity and innovation management, 13(4), 274-285.

Bstieler, L. (2006). Trust Formation in Collaborative New Product Development*. Journal of product innovation management, 23(1), 56-72.

Chung, W. (2009). Cross-functional collaborative prototyping in the front end of the design process:

Illinois Institute of Technology.

Clatworthy, S. (2011). Service innovation through touch-points: Development of an innovation toolkit for the first stages of new service development. International Journal of Design, 5(2), 15-28.

Cohen, S. G., & Bailey, D. E. (1997). What makes teams work: Group effectiveness research from the shop floor to the executive suite. Journal of management, 23(3), 239-290.

Cross, N., & Clayburn Cross, A. (1995). Observations of teamwork and social processes in design.

Design Studies, 16(2), 143-170.

Dougherty, D. (1992). Interpretive barriers to successful product innovation in large firms.

Organization Science, 3(2), 179-202.

Evans, M. A., Pei, E. and Campbell, R.I. . (2009). The Development of a Design Tool to Improve Collaboration between Industrial Designers and Engineering Designers. the Eighth European Academy of Design International Conference, 161-165.

Ferraro, A., Rogers, E., & Geisler, C. (1995). Team learning through computer supported

67

collaborative design. Paper presented at the The first international conference on Computer support for collaborative learning.

Gulliksen, J., Lantz, A., & Boivie, I. (1999). User centered design in practice-problems and possibilities. Sweden: Royal Institute of Technology.

Holland, S., Gaston, K., & Gomes, J. (2000). Critical success factors for cross‐functional teamwork in new product development. International Journal of Management Reviews, 2(3), 231-259.

Jassawalla, A. R., & Sashittal, H. C. (1998). An Examination of Collaboration in High‐Technology New Product Development Processes. Journal of product innovation management, 15(3), 237-254.

Jassawalla, A. R., & Sashittal, H. C. (1999). Building collaborative cross-functional new product teams. The Academy of Management Executive, 13(3), 50-63.

Jokela, T., Iivari, N., Matero, J., & Karukka, M. (2003). The standard of user-centered design and the standard definition of usability: analyzing ISO 13407 against ISO 9241-11. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the Latin American conference on Human-computer interaction, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Keller, R. T. (2001). Cross-functional project groups in research and new product development:

Diversity, communications, job stress, and outcomes. Academy of management journal, 44(3), 547-555.

Kichuk, S. L., & Wiesner, W. H. (1997). The big five personality factors and team performance:

implications for selecting successful product design teams. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 14(3), 195-221.

Kim, B., & Kang, B. (2008). Cross-functional cooperation with design teams in new product development. International Journal of Design, 2(3), 43-54.

Kim, C., Christiaans, H., & Van Eijk, D. (2007). Soft problems in using consumer electronic products.

Paper presented at the IASDR conference.

Kim, K. (2011). Understanding Product Design Process as it fits into the Interaction between Industrial Design and Engineering Design. Archives of Design Research, 24(6), 4-31.

68

Lam, P.-K., & Chin, K.-S. (2005). Identifying and prioritizing critical success factors for conflict management in collaborative new product development. Industrial Marketing Management, 34(8), 761-772.

Legard, R., Keegan, J., & Ward, K. (2003). In-depth interviews. Qualitative research practice: A guide for social science students and researchers, 138-169.

Louise Barriball, K., & While, A. (1994). Collecting Data using a semi‐structured interview: a discussion paper. Journal of advanced nursing, 19(2), 328-335.

Lovelace, K., Shapiro, D. L., & Weingart, L. R. (2001). Maximizing cross-functional new product teams' innovativeness and constraint adherence: A conflict communications perspective.

Academy of management journal, 44(4), 779-793.

Norman, D. A., & Draper, S. W. (1986). User centered system design; new perspectives on human- computer interaction: L. Erlbaum Associates Inc.

Olson, E. M., Walker, O. C., Ruekerf, R. W., & Bonnerd, J. M. (2001). Patterns of cooperation during new product development among marketing, operations and R&D: Implications for project performance. Journal of product innovation management, 18(4), 258-271.

Pei, E. (2009). Building a common language of design representations for industrial designers &

engineering designers. © Eujin Pei.

Perry, M., & Sanderson, D. (1998). Coordinating joint design work: the role of communication and artefacts. Design Studies, 19(3), 273-288.

Pinto, M. B., & Pinto, J. K. (1990). Project team communication and cross-functional cooperation in new program development. Journal of product innovation management, 7(3), 200-212.

Ramesh, B., & Tiwana, A. (1999). Supporting collaborative process knowledge management in new product development teams. Decision support systems, 27(1), 213-235.

Reichheld, F. F., & Sasser, W. E. (1990). Zero defections: quality comes to services. Harvard business review, 68(5), 105-111.

Reilly, R. R., Lynn, G. S., & Aronson, Z. H. (2002). The role of personality in new product development team performance. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 19(1),

69 39-58.

Roy, U., & Kodkani, S. (2000). Collaborative product conceptualization tool using web technology.

Computers in industry, 41(2), 195-209.

Shani, A. B. R., Sena, J. A., & Olin, T. (2003). Knowledge management and new product development: a study of two companies. European Journal of Innovation Management, 6(3), 137-149.

Song, X. M., Thieme, R. J., & Xie, J. (1998). The Impact of Cross‐Functional Joint Involvement Across Product Development Stages: An Exploratory Study. Journal of product innovation management, 15(4), 289-303.

Takeuchi, H., & Nonaka, I. (1986). The new new product development game. Harvard business review, 64(1), 137-146.

Tanner Jr, J. F. (1996). Buyer perceptions of the purchase process and its effect on customer satisfaction. Industrial Marketing Management, 25(2), 125-133.

Ulrich, K. T., Eppinger, S. D., & Goyal, A. (2011). Product design and development: Irwin/McGraw- Hill.

Valkenburg, R. C. (1998). Shared understanding as a condition for team design. Automation in Construction, 7(2), 111-121.

Van Kuijk, J. (2010). Managing Product Usability. How companies deal with usability in the development of electronic consumer products. Delft University of Technology. PhD Thesis.

Vavra, T. G. (1992). Aftermarketing: How to keep customers for life through relationship marketing:

Business One Irwin Homewood, IL.

Venturi, G., & Troost, J. (2004). Survey on the UCD integration in the industry. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the third Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction.

Veryzer, R. W., & Borja de Mozota, B. (2005). The Impact of User‐Oriented Design on New Product Development: An Examination of Fundamental Relationships*. Journal of product innovation management, 22(2), 128-143.

70

Marcin. (2014). The User experience guidebook for product managers. Retrieved June 06, 2014, from https://medium.com/all-things-product-management/d35d7b8023f

Jon Kolko. (2012). What is design Strategy. Retrieved June 06, 2014, from http://www.ac4d.com/

2012/05/21/what-is-a-design-strategy/

Julius Tarng. (2012). Interaction and Industrial designer at Smart Design. Retrieved June 06, 2014, from http://www.quora.com/User-Experience/What-is-the-role-of-a-UX-designer-at-an-Industrial- Design-consultancy-e-g-IDEO-Ziba-etc

71

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This thesis was not possible without the support and contribution of many people who I would like to thank. The first person is, of course, Chajoong Kim. Thank you for enabling me to write this thesis and for your enthusiasm and valuable feedback on the work I did. You continually and convincingly conveyed a spirit of adventure in regard to research. With your support, I enjoyed whole process of this thesis to the end.

I would like to thank the committee members, Professor Kwanmyung Kim and Professor Yunwoo Jeong. I’m grateful to Professor Kwanmyung Kim for his scientific advice and knowledge and many insightful discussions and suggestions. I’m also grateful to Professor Yunwoo Jeong for making me keep the passion of being a designer. I would also like to express deep appreciation to my previous supervisor, Professor Seonhee Jung for leading me to study at UNIST. I learned from her the great importance of an attitude toward professors and colleagues.

My sincere thanks goes to my colleagues, Sojung and Eunjin who have shared their stories, listened to mine and helped me a lot with completing my thesis. I also thank my fellow labmates in AteLab, Daeun, Jieun, and Kwangmin for the stimulating discussions and managing our new lab from the beginning. In addition, all graduate students in DESIS@UNIST, I+ID, dpr.lab for all the fun we’ve had.

Last but not the least, I would like to thank my family, my parents and my litter brother for believing and supporting me spiritually throughout my life.

Dokumen terkait