Trigger Trigger Trigger Trigger Controlled on GND PXI Switch Module
Overall Control System RFQ-CBTTL TriggerDelay Generator
EBIS Platform Cathode Platform or Internal
Repeller Platform EBIS Internal TTL Trigger NI PXIe PXIe Trig. Port Generate Pulse Shape
TCP / IPSC Magnet PXIe Trig. Port
No Trigger Use
NI Modules TCP / IP NI cRio Ion Source Platform Ground Platform
NI ModulesNI cRio Switch Module DT #01-03, #09-11 AP #01-02
EBIS Plt. #02 Cathode Plt.
Serial NI Modules
TCP / IP NI PXIe
Ethernet WebModulesTCP / IP Ethernet
Change Voltage (Extraction / Stop) by Trigger
Gun Coil Collector Coil Vacuum Gauge Anode / DT #04 - 08
Steering Coil Extractor
Collector Serial NI Modules Heater Repeller Repeller Lens Repeller Steerer
Collector Heater Modbus TCP
Change Voltage (Injection / Extraction) by Trigger
WebModules EQT
EBIS Plt. #01 EQT Diag. Lens / Steerer IS Lens / SteererIS Plt. Coolant Monitor
15deg Deflector
SerialDipole Magnet Picoammeter Vacuum Gauge
Delay GeneratorTCP / IP
Ion Source Lens Vacuum Controller
Generate Pulse Shape TCP / IPWebModules
Diagnostics PS IS Plt. / Lens EQT Y-Steerer EQT XY-Steerer Switchyard GND Lens / Steerer Diagnostics In / OutGate Valve
Figure 3.23: Diagram of EBIS overall control system.
EBIS Platform
Repeller Platform
Ion Source Platform DG645
Ground Platform Optical Fiber
Optical Fiber
Optical Fiber Optical TTL
Tranciever
Optical TTL Tranciever
BNC Cable
Figure 3.24: Connection diagram using optical fiber cable.
PXI-8430
PXI-6733 PXI-6224 PXI-6733 PXIe-1062q
PXIe-8135
USB Ethernet Trigger Optical TTL
Transceiver
Network Switch Hub
RS485-to-USB Converter
RS485 Device
HV DC Power Supplies HV Amplifiers Analog I/O
Digital I/O
RS232 Device
Figure 3.25: Schematic drawing of control system on EBIS platform using NI’s equipment.
with the incoming ion beam. This can be solved by precisely adjusting the time of the trigger signal because the waveform is made based on the TTL signal from the delay generator, which has a resolution of 5 ps. The control system configured with LabVIEW is later converted into an EPICS [61, 62] system used by the integrated control system of the ISOL system. In addition, the vacuum controller shown in Fig. 3.26 was manufactured to control the gate valves, which are essential components in the vacuum system. This vacuum controller is capable of 20 channels of digital outputs, dry contact or 24 V output, 20 channels of digital inputs, dry contact or 24 V input, and several interlock channels. Each control and status reading software is produced by giving PV (Process Variable) to each channel using EPICS.
The Open/Close control of the gate valve currently in use in the EBIS is controlled by a 24 V signal,
Figure 3.26: Picture of vacuum controller on EBIS platform.
and its status can be checked by a dry contact signal. Therefore, each gate valve on the EBIS platform is connected to this vacuum controller and controlled using the EPICS PVs. Additionally, the "Emergency Stop" button allows the action to be taken by immediately closing all connected gate valves in case of an accident or problem during the experiment.
Unlike the EBIS platform, the cathode platform uses a device called cRIO for control instead of the PXIe. The cRIO-9066 in use was manufactured by NI and is a device that can build a control sequence using the LabVIEW software with the real-time OS installed. In addition, there are several slots, so the module is installed and used depending on the purpose, and a serial port, so the equipment using the serial communication can also be controlled. In the cathode platform, the cathode heater power supply, the collector power supply, and the repeller power supply are used. The cathode heater power supply communicates using RS232, and the repeller power supply is controlled using analog I/O and digital I/O. Therefore, the analog input module NI-9223 (4 channels), the analog output module NI-9264 (16 channels), and the digital I/O module NI-9401 (8 channels) are installed and used. In particular, the collector power supply requires 24 V I/O, the dry contact control, and the analog voltage. Therefore, the cRIO chassis is equipped with a 24 V sourcing module, NI-9472 (8 channels), used for 24 V outputs.
And also, the X-410, manufactured by Xytronix Research & Design, Inc., which can use dry contacts and 24 V digital inputs (4 channels for each), is used to control the collector power supply. A schematic diagram of the control system of this cathode platform is shown in Fig. 3.27. In this system, cRIO and X-410 are connected to a network switch hub, and all control variables of the cathode platform are deployed as the network variables using the LabVIEW software. And this network is connected to the switching hub on the EBIS platform via the optical fiber cable, enabling the remote control.
Moreover, Fig. 3.28 shows the configuration used by the Direct Current-Current Transducer (DC-CT) on the cathode platform to measure the current of the electron beam in the EBIS experiment. The amount of electrons exiting the cathode is measured by connecting the DC-CT to the heater power supply, and the electron beam entering the collector is measured using the DC-CT connected to the collector power
cRIO-9066
NI-9401
NI-9223 NI-9264 NI-9472 Serial Port
X-410
Relay Out Digital In
Collector PS Repeller PS Cathode Heater PS RS232
Digital I/O Analog Out
Analog In 24 V Sourcing Network
Switch Hub
Ethernet EBIS Platform
Optical Fiber
Figure 3.27: Schematic drawing of control system on cathode platform.
Analog Waveform of Electron Beam
Optical Fiber
Cathode Heater Power Supply DC-CT
Cathode Collector
Collector Power Supply
Cathode Platform
DC-CT Optical Analog
Transceiver
Ground Platform Oscilloscope
Figure 3.28: Diagram using DC-CT to measure electron beam current on cathode platform.
supply. The current measured in this way is transmitted to the ground platform via the optical fiber cable.
The analog waveform converted by the optical-analog converter is measured via an oscilloscope.
Figure 3.29 illustrates the control system of the repeller platform configured also using the cRIO device. The power supplies for the repeller lens, and the high voltage amplifiers for steerers, the beam optics system, are used. Each device’s voltage and current are set and monitored by an analog voltage signal, and their outputs are turned on/off and checked in a state by a 5 V TTL signal. Since this 5 V TTL signal can also be implemented as an analog output module, the cRIO-9066 of the repeller platform is equipped with an analog input module NI-9205 (32 channels) and an analog output module NI-9264
cRIO-9066
NI-9205 NI-9264 Serial Port
X-410 Relay Out Digital In
Repeller Lens PS
Repeller Steerer Amp.
Gate Valve EBIS Platform
Optical Fiber
Analog Out Analog In
Optical Fiber
Analog Switch Selector
Delay Generator on
Ground Platform Optical Fiber
Trigger Signal
Figure 3.29: Schematic drawing of control system on repeller platform.
(16 channels). The voltage applied to the steerers uses a different value when the ion beam is injected into and ejected from the EBIS, so their voltages should be changed at the right time. Therefore, the analog switch selector that can receive a trigger signal from the ground platform and change the voltage is used. A total of eight voltages used by the four steerer electrodes are sent from NI-9264 to the selector.
And the voltages are switched according to the TTL signal transmitted through the optical fiber cable from the delay generator. In addition, although the gate valves are installed on the repeller platform, the vacuum controller on the EBIS platform cannot be used because the two platforms are different. So X- 410 is used to control the gate valve and check the status. Like the cathode platform, LabVIEW created and distributed network variables to control the two devices, and each was connected to the switching hub of the EBIS platform using optical fiber cables for access.
After the control systems using LabVIEW are established in the cRIO of the cathode platform and the repeller platform, the network variables distributed to control the device are used in the PXIe system of the EBIS platform. After integrating network variables with the control system of the EBIS platform, the EPICS IOC in the PXIe system is configured as illustrated in Fig. 3.30. It uses the NSRL CAS Interface toolkit, which is one of the third-party toolkit of LabVIEW, developed by the National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) [63]. Each of the LabVIEW variables is assigned to PVs, and they are distributed to the ISOL control network for use in the ISOL integrated control system.
Unlike other platforms, the control system in the ion source platform is configured, as shown in Fig. 3.31, without using NI’s equipment. The ion source heater power supply is used by PT 30-13, manufactured by ODA Technologies, supporting the TCP/IP communication. In addition, the extractor electrode and the lens electrode use high-voltage amplifiers. And the signals required to control them are analog outputs to set the output voltage, analog inputs for monitoring, and digital outputs for output On/Off. Therefore, the analog output module PET-7028 (8 channels), by ICP DAS Co., LTD, and the X-
cRIO-9066 { LabVIEW }
X-410 Cathode Platform
cRIO-9066 { LabVIEW }
X-410 Repeller Platform EPICS
IOC LabVIEW
PXIe-1062q (EBIS Platform)
CAS Module
LabVIEW Network Variables
LabVIEW Network Variables Network Switch Hub
on Ground Platform
Optical Fiber
Deploy EPICS PVs to Control Network
Figure 3.30: Schematic drawing to deploy EPICS PVs for control system on HV platform.
X-420
Analog In Ion Source
Lens Amp.
Extractor Electrode Amp.
Ion Source Heater PS (PT 30-13)
Analog Out
Analog In
Ground Platform
Optical Fiber
PET-7028 Analog Out
Digital I/O Digital I/O
TCP/IP Optical Fiber
Optical Fiber
Analog Switch Selector Delay Generator on
Ground Platform Optical Fiber
Trigger Signal
Figure 3.31: Schematic drawing of control system on ion source platform.
420 with analog inputs (4 channels) and digital I/O ports (2 channels), by Xytronix Research, are used.
The extraction voltage needs to be changed according to timing to extract the test ion beam as a pulse.
So it is used by an analog switch selector that receives a trigger signal from the delay generator, just like the repeller platform. The heater power supply and the two modules are connected to the network switch hub of the ground platform through optical fiber cables. And a control program for them is built through TCP/IP communication using LabVIEW on the ground platform.
In the ground platform, it is essential to control a considerable number of electrodes compared to other high-voltage platforms and to apply a different voltage, when the ion beam enters and exits due to the characteristics of the ion transmission line. Therefore, as shown in Fig. 3.32, the PXIe equipment is
equipped with modules with many channels and is configured to enable precise timing control through the delay generator. First, the delay generator is controlled through the TCP/IP communication, and
PXI-6224
PXI-6738 PXI-6225 PXI-6723 PXIe-1062q
PXIe-8135
USB Ethernet Trigger Delay
Generator
Network Switch Hub
RS232-to-USB Converter
Vacuum Gauge
HV DC Power Supplies HV Amplifiers Coolant Flow Meter
Picoammeter Diapole Magnet PS
TCP/IP Analog I/O
Digital I/O
Trigger Signal for Measurement X-332
Ion Source Platform
Optical Fiber
Trigger Signal
TCP/IP
Relay I/O TCP/IP
EBIS Platform Repeller Platform Optical
Fiber
RFQ-CB Trigger Signal
Figure 3.32: Schematic drawing of control system on ground platform using NI’s equipment.
trigger signals, transmitting to the PXIe and each HV platform, are internally generated when the EBIS test or generated by responding to the 5 V TTL signal from the RFQ-CB when the experiment with the ISOL beamline. In addition, the ion source platform modules connected through optical fiber cables are also used to operate the test ion beams by creating the control program with TCP/IP. According to the 5 V TTL signal received at the PXIe on the ground platform, an analog output module, PXI-6738, creates voltages in the waveform to control the high-voltage amplifiers. And also, a trigger signal is generated for measurement timing in the experiment. The PXI-6738 has a total analog output of 32 channels, with a maximum sampling rate of 350 kS/s when using all channels, with a minimum time division of 2.86 µs for the waveform generation. Therefore, the time division in the control sequence created using the LabVIEW software was set to 5µs. It is short enough to change the voltage during the charge breeding of the ion beam because the breeding time is the order of ms in the EBIS experiment. Additionally, the PXI-6723 (32 channels), an analog output module for controlling outputs of HV DC power supplies, was installed. Since the power supplies set the voltage independently of time, they are controlled separately from the trigger signal. The signal used to turn On/Off the output of the power supplies and amplifiers is either 5 V TTL or dry contact. Therefore, the PXI-6224 with 48 channels of digital I/O is used for 5 V TTL signals, and the X-332 with the relay in and out of each 16 channels, manufactured by Xytronix Research, is installed for dry contact control. And the EBIS charge breeder uses the cooling water for the He compressors of the superconducting magnet and cryopumps and for the cooling of the normal conducting magnets and the collector. Thus, it is essential to monitor the status of this coolant for the stable EBIS operation. To monitor the flow rate and temperature of coolant using flow meters along
with voltage and current monitoring of power supplies, the PXI-6224 with 32 channels of analog inputs and the PXI-6225 (80 channels) are used. The power supply of the dipole magnet, the vacuum gauge of the switchyard line, and the picoammeter for the ion beam measurement use the RS232 communication.
Therefore, each is controlled using RS232-to-USB converters in USB ports in the PXIe. The gate valves of the vacuum system of the ion transportation line are controlled by the vacuum controller, like the EBIS platform, which builds the EPICS IOC, as shown in Fig. 3.26.
The ground platform’s control system, including the ion source platform, is also constructed as a structure for the establishment of the EPICS IOC. The control sequence of the ground platform is built using the LabVIEW software in the PXIe, and the EPICS IOC is constructed using the CAS modules like the EBIS PXIe, as shown in Fig. 3.33. With the IOC constructed in this way, the remote and precise
EPICS
IOC LabVIEW
PXIe-1062q (Ground Platform)
CAS Module Network Switch Hub
Ethernet
Deploy EPICS PVs to Control Network
PET-7028
X-420 Ion Source Platform
PT 30-13 Optical
Fiber TCP/IP
Figure 3.33: Schematic drawing to deploy EPICS PVs for control system on ground platform.
control of the power supply and auxiliary devices becomes possible with EPICS PVs distributed on the control network.
EPICS IOCs were constructed for the control in the PXIe of the EBIS platform and the ground platform, and the vacuum controllers for the EBIS vacuum system were installed. To integrate the four EPICS IOCs with the ISOL control system, Ethernet and optical fiber cables were used to connect them to the switching hub of the ground platform, as shown in Fig. 3.34. This network switch hub has been connected to the ISOL integrated control network, allowing access to deployed PVs for the EBIS control.
In order to properly use EPICS PVs in the EBIS and the ISOL experiments, it is necessary to create a control UI. The RAON facility uses the open-source Control System Studio (CSS) [64] as a tool for the UI using EPICS in control. In CSS, widgets are placed on the palette according to their intended use, and PVs are assigned to each of them to control or monitor PVs. The integrated control UI of the EBIS was created using this CSS, and Fig. 3.35 shows the control screen of the EBIS and cathode platforms among the pages of the UI.
EPICS IOC PXIe-1062q (EBIS Platform)
Network Switch Hub Optical
Fiber Deploy EPICS PVs
to Control Network
EPICS IOC PXIe-1062q (Ground Platform)
Ethernet ISOL Integrated
Control Network
CSS OPI EBIS Control PC
Ethernet
Access EPICS PVs
Vacuum Controller on the EBIS Platform Vacuum Controller
on the Ground Platform Ethernet
Figure 3.34: Schematic drawing to deploy EPICS PVs for EBIS control system into ISOL control net- work.
Figure 3.35: Control UI for EBIS and cathode platform.
The control system was established for the experiment of the EBIS charge breeder manufactured and installed as described in previous sections. PXIes were installed to control the ground and high- voltage platforms, respectively. The LabVIEW software was used to complete the control sequence of all electrodes, including critical control timing for interworking with the ISOL beamline. In addition, PVs necessary for control were deployed to the network in conjunction with constructing the EPICS IOC for integration with the ISOL control system. The control UI for using PVs was prepared using the
CSS so that they could be used for the electron beam transmission and the ion beam charge breeding experiment in the EBIS.