Educational Attainment
(As a percentage of total population)
Native-born Foreign-born
Elementary Education
Secondary Education
Tertiary
Education Total Elementary Education
Secondary Education
Tertiary
Education Total
Australia 48.9 77.5 88.3 73.1 50.0 70.8 76.4 64.7
Belgium 39.2 66.7 83.4 63.2 36.4 55.9 72.8 52.2
Canada 48.0 72.5 82.9 72.3 46.1 65.8 75.9 68.5
Czech
Republic 22.3 71.3 81.9 65.4 35.9 69.8 85.4 65.8
Denmark 62.9 79.3 88.1 76.6 55.5 68.9 78.5 67.3
Finland 42.1 72.0 84.3 68.7 46.0 68.0 77.2 64.5
France 45.3 68.8 81.2 64.9 48.1 60.7 70.4 57.4
Germany 43.3 75.4 88.7 72.5 49.6 70.0 78.3 63.3
Greece 49.8 59.9 82.3 60.7 65.4 64.9 71.6 66.0
Hungary 25.5 61.5 78.1 55.2 41.1 65.8 79.2 65.5
Ireland 40.0 65.1 82.5 61.8 39.6 59.8 74.4 62.0
Italy 43.2 66.3 77.6 56.9 56.0 68.6 70.4 62.8
Luxembourg 35.6 66.6 84.9 61.9 56.5 64.7 82.3 69.0
Netherlands 63.1 81.7 88.8 78.0 52.6 69.9 76.7 64.5
Norway 60.8 80.4 90.7 77.1 55.9 73.5 82.0 69.0
Portugal 62.8 65.7 84.4 66.0 64.6 70.3 83.4 69.8
Spain 49.2 62.1 80.4 60.0 48.6 62.3 70.2 57.4
Sweden 51.4 80.2 89.5 74.2 45.6 68.6 75.9 62.1
Switzerland 58.7 81.3 91.5 80.5 66.1 76.8 84.1 75.9
Turkey 36.1 48.1 69.0 41.2 39.3 48.8 70.5 44.2
UK 56.3 72.9 84.8 70.3 48.7 67.4 79.8 66.6
USA 37.4 72.2 84.3 70.0 58.3 70.6 78.8 69.0
Brazil 49.3 67.4 80.8 54.0 29.7 54.2 70.9 44.0
Estonia 27.7 66.5 82.4 62.9 28.5 64.9 80.3 67.8
Indonesia 66.4 62.2 78.8 66.1 35.8 47.1 77.8 57.4
Iceland 71.2 79.7 88.7 78.4 71.6 77.0 84.7 77.7
Russia 30.1 61.3 79.1 57.9 32.4 62.1 76.4 60.7
Slovenia 39.0 70.0 88.5 67.7 53.8 70.3 80.6 66.1
South Africa 27.8 43.9 79.9 36.3 60.8 64.3 75.3 63.7
Source: Factbook 2012: Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics, OECD(2012).
23
Ⅰ. Socio-Economic Background > 3. Economic Background
3. Economic Background 1) GDP and GNI
Year
GDP(Nominal) GDP Growth Rates GNI per Capita(Nominal) US Dollar
(100 Million)
Korean Won
(100 Million) Percentage US Dollar Korean Won
(10 Thousand)
2001 5,046 6,514,153 4.00 10,631 1,372
2002 5,759 7,205,390 7.20 12,100 1,514
2003 6,436 7,671,137 2.80 13,460 1,604
2004 7,224 8,268,927 4.60 15,082 1,726
2005 8,447 8,652,409 4.00 17,531 1,796
2006 9,511 9,087,438 5.20 19,691 1,882
2007 10,493 9,750,130 5.10 21,632 2,010
2008 9,309 10,264,518 2.30 19,161 2,113
2009 8,344 10,630,591 0.30 17,041 2,175
2010 10,147 11,728,034 6.20 20,562 2,378
2011 11,164 12,371,289 3.60 22,489 2,492
Note: 1) Year of base price is 2005.
2) GDP(Gross Domestic Product).
3) GNI(Gross National Income).
4) GDP growth rate indicates the change of Real GDP at constant prices compared with the previous year.
Source: Economic Statistics System(http://ecos.bok.or.kr), Bank of Korea.
2) GDP Per Capita
(US dollars, at current prices, adjusted for PPP)
1980 1990 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Australia 10,200 17,257 28,047 35,115 37,109 39,087 39,058 39,918 -
Austria 10,495 19,511 28,770 33,409 36,269 37,802 39,849 38,814 39,768
Belgium 10,276 18,742 27,624 32,141 34,159 35,597 36,879 36,300 37,435
Canada 11,104 19,601 28,485 35,106 36,854 38,353 38,883 37,808 -
Czech Republic - 11,903 14,992 20,366 22,350 24,579 25,845 25,563 25,299
Denmark 10,014 18,505 28,822 33,196 36,026 37,731 39,494 37,680 39,545
Finland 9,090 17,740 25,651 30,690 33,095 36,149 37,795 35,229 36,664
France 9,539 17,317 25,241 29,554 31,406 33,151 33,963 33,373 33,835
Germany 9,820 18,432 25,949 31,366 33,713 35,623 37,171 36,332 37,567
Greece 8,206 12,603 18,410 24,572 27,095 28,250 30,077 29,303 28,189
Hungary - - 12,134 16,938 18,329 19,187 20,700 20,275 20,325
<continued>
Ⅲ
1980 1990 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Iceland 12,041 21,354 28,840 35,025 35,808 37,179 39,166 36,647 -
Ireland 6,221 13,017 28,695 38,623 42,268 45,294 42,644 39,562 39,778
Italy 9,246 17,636 25,594 28,144 30,224 31,898 33,269 32,413 31,563
Japan 8,953 18,841 25,608 30,312 31,865 33,577 33,805 32,018 -
Korea 2,643 8,203 17,197 22,783 24,286 26,191 26,877 27,133 29,004
Luxembourg 13,037 30,479 53,646 68,372 78,523 84,577 89,742 84,848 89,633
Mexico 4,756 6,952 10,046 12,461 13,673 14,582 15,291 14,388 -
Netherlands 9,808 17,671 29,406 35,111 38,064 40,744 42,887 40,804 42,478
New Zealand 8,637 14,364 21,039 25,219 27,007 28,567 29,077 29,149 -
Norway 9,604 17,929 36,126 47,319 53,288 55,042 60,480 54,568 56,648
Poland - 6,005 10,567 13,786 15,067 16,762 18,062 18,925 19,747
Portugal 5,212 10,703 17,749 21,294 22,870 24,206 24,957 25,055 25,609
Slovakia - - 10,982 16,175 18,401 20,919 23,245 22,869 23,448
Spain 6,826 13,300 21,320 27,377 30,348 32,252 33,173 32,247 32,076
Sweden 10,620 19,364 27,948 32,701 35,680 38,486 39,475 37,155 39,013
Switzerland 13,875 24,505 31,618 35,478 39,116 42,756 45,586 44,840 -
Turkey 2,893 5,744 9,170 11,391 12,887 13,897 14,962 14,218 -
UK 8,413 16,361 26,071 32,724 34,971 35,719 36,817 35,151 35,917 USA 12,159 23,012 35,050 42,466 44,595 46,337 46,901 45,674 -
EU27 total - - 21,919 26,895 29,068 30,773 32,114 31,269 31,737
OECD total 8,715 16,403 24,359 29,562 31,516 33,133 34,002 33,023 -
Brazil - - 7,204 8,603 9,166 9,900 10,528 10,453 11,239
Chile - - 9,294 12,194 13,036 13,897 14,568 14,321 -
China - - 2,378 4,102 4,749 5,554 6,189 6,786 7,519
Estonia - - 9,862 16,531 19,134 21,262 21,802 19,876 20,608
India - - 1,518 2,153 2,402 2,677 2,862 3,039 3,339
Indonesia - - 2,441 3,207 3,449 3,727 3,987 4,155 4,394
Israel - - 23,496 23,390 24,960 26,583 27,679 27,661 -
Russia - - 6,798 11,826 14,981 16,787 20,342 19,023 -
Slovenia - - 17,549 23,472 25,428 27,214 29,221 27,462 27,545
South Africa - - 6,640 8,654 9,336 10,049 10,453 10,238 10,498
Source: Factbook 2012: Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics, OECD(2012).
25
Ⅰ. Socio-Economic Background > 3. Economic Background
3) GNI Per Capita
(US dollars, at current prices, adjusted for PPP)
1980 1990 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Australia 10,173 16,493 27,284 33,786 35,511 37,455 37,646 38,376 -
Austria 10,377 19,374 28,282 33,083 35,876 37,343 39,297 38,409 39,464
Belgium 10,235 18,717 28,257 32,350 34,463 35,946 37,423 36,632 37,787
Canada 10,802 18,896 27,743 34,448 36,492 37,863 38,431 37,277 -
Czech Republic - - 14,654 19,452 21,240 22,859 24,003 24,051 23,639
Denmark 9,960 18,028 28,213 33,659 36,698 38,137 40,016 38,364 40,281
Finland 8,958 17,219 25,455 30,831 33,409 36,165 37,992 35,905 37,181
France 9,595 17,365 25,665 29,968 31,968 33,729 34,562 33,897 34,453
Germany 9,868 18,648 25,706 31,738 34,413 36,250 37,765 36,845 38,115
Greece 8,434 12,858 18,460 24,184 26,513 27,408 29,097 28,501 27,415
Hungary - - 11,545 16,022 17,343 17,865 19,369 19,260 -
Iceland 11,809 20,642 28,043 33,764 33,719 35,140 30,732 29,928 -
Ireland 6,190 11,943 24,737 33,280 37,035 39,240 36,957 32,860 -
Italy 9,264 17,356 25,403 28,056 30,172 31,698 32,757 31,926 31,140
Japan 8,915 18,882 25,935 31,027 32,771 34,700 34,927 32,896 -
Korea 2,599 8,197 17,109 22,762 24,323 26,239 27,077 27,254 29,012
Luxembourg 10,935 28,898 46,745 58,719 59,725 68,035 67,354 59,711 -
Mexico 4,615 6,731 9,811 12,243 13,402 14,317 15,053 14,153 -
Netherlands 9,890 17,540 30,040 35,280 39,087 41,421 42,073 39,701 42,618
New Zealand 8,420 13,830 19,815 23,570 25,147 26,444 27,012 27,942 -
Norway 9,310 17,418 35,638 47,646 53,327 54,866 60,213 54,239 56,784
Poland - - 10,529 13,523 14,685 16,161 17,699 18,256 -
Portugal 5,056 10,593 17,380 20,977 22,180 23,438 24,065 24,040 24,738
Slovakia - - 10,920 15,718 17,834 20,266 22,617 22,508 23,176
Spain 6,753 13,180 21,141 26,991 29,843 31,496 32,248 31,501 31,651
Sweden 10,694 19,122 27,713 32,936 36,139 39,364 40,870 37,825 39,728
Switzerland 14,173 25,127 33,942 38,822 42,092 43,176 42,537 46,459 -
UK 8,312 16,079 26,023 33,272 35,160 36,183 37,484 35,648 36,427 USA 12,127 22,887 35,658 43,063 45,575 46,675 47,026 45,567 -
EU27 total - - 21,827 26,910 29,107 30,754 32,017 31,118 31,695
OECD total - - 24,451 29,732 31,801 33,227 34,010 32,949 -
Chile - - 8,968 11,115 11,401 12,317 13,444 13,293 -
China - - - 4,121 4,776 5,595 6,232 - -
Estonia - - 9,539 15,902 18,134 19,795 20,626 19,414 19,682
Israel - - 21,929 23,146 24,836 26,553 27,122 27,012 -
Russia - - 6,622 11,531 14,538 16,392 19,750 18,421 -
Slovenia - - 17,560 23,273 25,127 26,636 28,425 26,891 27,074
South Africa - - - 8,481 9,152 9,706 10,112 10,009 10,460
Source: Factbook 2012: Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics, OECD(2012).
Ⅲ 4) Real GDP Growth
(Annual growth in percentage)
1980 1990 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Australia 3.4 -0.6 2.1 3.1 3.6 3.8 1.4 2.3 2.6
Austria 1.8 4.6 3.7 2.5 3.6 3.7 2.2 -3.9 2.0
Belgium 4.5 3.1 3.7 1.7 2.7 2.9 1.0 -2.8 2.2
Canada 2.2 0.2 5.2 3.0 2.8 2.2 0.5 -2.5 3.1
Czech Republic - - 3.6 6.3 6.8 6.1 2.5 -4.1 2.3
Denmark -0.4 1.5 3.5 2.4 3.4 1.6 -1.1 -5.2 2.1
Finland 5.1 0.1 5.3 2.9 4.4 5.3 0.9 -8.2 3.1
France 1.7 2.6 3.7 1.8 2.5 2.3 -0.1 -2.7 1.5
Germany 1.4 5.3 3.2 0.8 3.4 2.7 1.0 -4.7 3.6
Greece 0.7 - 4.5 2.3 5.2 4.3 1.0 -2.0 -4.5
Hungary - - 4.9 3.2 3.6 0.8 0.8 -6.7 1.2
Iceland 5.7 1.2 4.3 7.5 4.6 6.0 1.4 -6.9 -3.5
Ireland 3.1 8.5 9.7 6.0 5.3 5.6 -3.5 -7.6 -1.0
Italy 3.4 2.1 3.7 0.7 2.0 1.5 -1.3 -5.2 1.3
Japan 2.8 5.2 2.9 1.9 2.0 2.4 -1.2 -6.3 3.9
Korea -1.5 9.2 8.8 4.0 5.2 5.1 2.3 0.3 6.2
Luxembourg 0.8 5.3 8.4 5.4 5.0 6.6 1.4 -3.6 3.5
Mexico 8.3 5.1 6.6 3.3 5.1 3.4 1.5 -6.0 5.5
Netherlands 2.2 4.2 3.9 2.0 3.4 3.9 1.9 -3.9 1.8
New Zealand 0.9 - 2.5 3.2 2.2 2.9 -1.1 0.8 2.5
Norway 4.5 1.9 3.3 2.7 2.3 2.7 0.7 -1.7 0.3
Poland - - 4.3 3.6 6.2 6.8 5.1 1.7 3.8
Portugal 4.6 4.0 3.9 0.8 1.4 2.4 - -2.5 1.3
Slovakia - - 1.4 6.7 8.5 10.5 5.8 -4.8 4.0
Spain 2.2 3.8 5.0 3.6 4.0 3.6 0.9 -3.7 -0.1
Sweden 1.7 1.0 4.5 3.2 4.3 3.3 -0.6 -5.3 5.7
Switzerland 4.6 3.8 3.6 2.6 3.6 3.6 2.1 -1.9 2.6
Turkey -2.4 9.3 6.8 8.4 6.9 4.7 0.7 -4.8 8.9
UK -2.1 0.8 3.9 2.2 2.8 2.7 -0.1 -4.9 1.4
USA -0.2 1.9 4.2 3.1 2.7 1.9 - -2.7 2.9
EU27 total - - 3.9 2.0 3.2 3.0 0.5 -4.2 1.8
OECD total 1.3 3.0 4.2 2.7 3.1 2.7 0.3 -3.5 3.0
Brazil - - 4.3 3.2 4.0 6.1 5.2 -0.6 7.5
Chile 4.5 5.6 4.6 4.6 3.7 -1.7 5.2
China 7.8 3.8 8.4 11.3 12.7 14.2 9.6 9.2 10.3
Estonia - - 10.0 9.4 10.6 6.9 -5.1 -13.9 3.1
India - - 4.4 9.2 9.7 9.9 6.2 6.8 10.4
Indonesia - - 5.4 5.7 5.5 6.3 6.0 4.6 6.1
Israel - - 9.1 4.9 5.7 5.3 4.2 0.8 4.6
Russia - - 10.0 6.4 8.2 8.5 5.2 -7.9 4.0
Slovenia - - 4.3 4.0 5.8 6.8 3.7 -8.1 1.2
South Africa 6.6 -0.3 4.2 5.3 5.6 5.6 3.6 -1.7 2.8
Source: Factbook 2012: Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics, OECD(2012).
27
Ⅰ. Socio-Economic Background > 3. Economic Background
5) GDP per Capita and Growth Rates for OECD Countries
(US dollars, %)
Korea China France Germany UK Japan USA
2000 GDP per Capita 11,349 946 21,775 22,946 25,083 37,292 35,082
GDP Growth Rates 8.8 8.4 3.7 3.1 4.5 2.3 4.2
2001 GDP per Capita 10,655 1,038 21,812 22,840 24,880 32,716 35,912
GDP Growth Rates 4.0 8.3 1.8 1.5 3.2 0.4 1.1
2002 GDP per Capita 12,093 1,132 23,495 24,326 27,168 31,236 36,819
GDP Growth Rates 7.2 9.1 0.9 0.0 2.7 0.3 1.8
2003 GDP per Capita 13,448 1,270 28,794 29,367 31,231 33,691 38,225
GDP Growth Rates 2.8 10 0.9 -0.4 3.5 1.7 2.6
2004 GDP per Capita 15,038 1,486 32,785 33,040 36,771 36,442 40,292
GDP Growth Rates 4.6 10.1 2.5 1.2 3.0 2.4 3.5
2005 GDP per Capita 17,547 1,710 33,819 33,543 37,867 35,781 42,516
GDP Growth Rates 4.0 10.4 1.8 0.7 2.1 1.3 3.1
2006 GDP per Capita 19,662 2,022 35,457 35,238 40,343 34,102 44,623
GDP Growth Rates 5.2 11.6 2.5 3.7 2.6 1.7 2.7
2007 GDP per Capita 21,592 2,560 40,342 40,403 46,123 34,095 46,349
GDP Growth Rates 5.1 13 2.3 3.3 3.5 2.2 1.9
2008 GDP per Capita 19,018 3,315 43,992 44,132 42,935 37,972 46,760
GDP Growth Rates 2.3 9 -0.1 1.1 -1.1 -1.0 -0.4
2009 GDP per Capita 16,966 - 40,477 40,275 35,129 39,473 45,192
GDP Growth Rates 0.3 - -3.1 -5.1 -4.4 -5.5 -3.5
2010 GDP per Capita 20,536 - 39,170 39,852 36,186 43,063 46,702
GDP Growth Rates 6.3 - 1.7 3.7 2.1 4.4 3.0
2011 GDP per Capita 22,427 - 42,377 43,689 38,818 45,903 48,442
GDP Growth Rates 3.6 - 1.7 3.0 0.7 -0.7 1.7
Note: 1) August 2012 Data, Bank of Korea.
2) GDP growth rate = {(GDP at current year's standard price/GDP at last year's standard price)-1}×100.
3) GDP per capita is calculated by dividing GDP by the population, as of the year of base price.
Source: International Statistics(each year), Statistics Korea.
Ⅲ 6) Household Net Saving Rates
(As a percentage of household disposable income)
1980 1990 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Australia 13.0 6.5 2.6 0.4 1.3 0.5 4.5 - -
Austria - - 9.2 9.7 10.4 11.6 11.8 11.1 -
Belgium - - 12.3 10.2 11.0 11.4 11.9 13.5 -
Canada 16.0 13.3 4.8 2.2 3.6 2.9 3.7 4.7 -
Czech Republic - - 3.3 3.2 4.8 6.3 5.7 4.5 -
Denmark - - -4.0 -4.2 -2.3 -4.0 -3.3 -0.5 -
Finland 2.9 1.7 0.5 0.9 -1.1 -0.9 -0.2 3.9 4.3
France 14.1 9.2 11.8 11.4 11.4 11.9 11.6 12.5 -
Germany - - 9.2 10.5 10.6 10.8 11.7 11.1 -
Greece - - -4.5 -9.7 -9.5 -3.0 -8.3 -3.2 -
Hungary - - 8.9 7.0 7.7 5.4 3.2 5.6 -
Ireland - - - 3.6 2.2 - 3.8 12.1 -
Italy - 21.6 8.4 9.9 9.1 8.4 8.2 7.1 -
Japan - - 8.8 3.9 3.7 2.5 2.3 - -
Korea - - 9.3 7.2 5.2 2.9 2.9 3.6 -
Luxembourg - - 3.8 4.3 5.0 6.4 -
Mexico - 10.1 10.1 9.6 10.2 10.0 -
Netherlands - 17.9 6.9 6.4 6.1 6.9 5.7 6.8 -
New Zealand - 0.5 -4.6 -7.6 -8.0 - - - -
Norway - - 4.3 10.1 0.1 1.5 3.7 7.3 -
Poland - - 10.0 7.3 7.5 6.1 0.8 7.8 -
Portugal - - 3.8 2.7 0.4 -0.7 -0.8 3.4 2.0
Slovakia - - 6.0 1.1 0.4 2.4 1.5 - -
Spain - - 5.9 4.7 4.2 3.6 6.6 11.9 -
Sweden - - 4.3 5.5 6.6 8.8 11.2 12.9 10.8
Switzerland - - 11.7 10.1 11.4 12.6 11.8 - -
UK 0.1 -1.2 -2.2 -3.2 -2.8 1.2 -
USA - - 3.0 1.5 2.5 2.1 4.2 6.2 -
EU27 total - - 6.4 6.0 5.6 5.3 5.4 7.8 -
Chile - - 6.1 6.7 7.3 7.3 7.4 7.2 -
Estonia - - -3.0 -11.1 -13.1 -8.1 -2.5 7.6 -
Russia - - - 11.0 12.4 12.1 10.9 - -
Slovenia - - 7.0 11.5 11.9 9.9 9.8 10.2 -
South Africa 1.0 0.1 -0.8 -1.0 -1.0 -0.3 -0.3
Source: Factbook 2012: Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics, OECD(2012).
29
Ⅰ. Socio-Economic Background > 3. Economic Background
7) International Trade in Goods and Services
(As a percentage of GDP)
1980 1990 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Australia 16.1 16.3 22.5 21.1 20.4 18.8 19.9 21 21.2 20.7 24.5
Austria 35.1 37.3 45.5 47.4 46.7 46.8 50 52 54.2 56.7 56.5
Belgium 58.1 68.5 83.2 83 80.2 78.8 81.7 84.8 85.7 87.3 85.3
Canada 27.2 25.7 42.7 40.7 39.4 36.2 36.3 35.9 34.8 33.7 34.3
Czech Republic - 41.5 64.9 66.6 61.3 62.9 70.1 70.6 74.8 77.7 74.8
Denmark 34 34.9 43.5 43.9 44.3 42.2 42.9 46.5 50.5 51.2 53.7
Finland 31.8 23.2 38.7 36.6 35.7 35 36.5 39.6 42.7 43.2 45
France 22 21.9 28.1 27.5 26.3 25.1 25.7 26.5 27.4 27.5 27.7
Germany 22.7 24.8 33.2 33.8 33.4 33.7 35.9 38.4 42.5 43.4 44.1
Greece 26.2 23.6 31.6 30.6 27.8 26.7 27 26.4 28 28.3 28.3
Hungary - - 73.9 71.7 64.1 62.7 64.9 66.9 77.4 79.5 81.7
Iceland 35.5 33 37.2 39.3 36.6 35.8 36.9 37.8 41 40.6 45.9
Ireland 52.9 54.3 91.4 92.2 85.4 75.8 76.3 75.6 74.5 74.1 78.3
Italy 22.4 19.1 26.6 26.4 25.2 24.3 25 26 28.2 29.3 29.1
Japan 14.2 10 10.3 10.2 10.7 11.2 12.3 13.6 15.4 16.8 17.4
Korea 36 28.5 39.2 36.7 34.6 36.8 41.9 41.1 42.5 45.2 53.5
Luxembourg 87.4 94.9 139.5 137.8 130.9 125.1 140.2 145.8 159.7 164.1 156.5
Mexico 13 17.4 29.1 26.1 25.3 26.1 27.5 28 28.8 29.2 29.4
Netherlands 52.4 54.5 67.3 64.4 60.9 59.9 62.7 65.4 69 70.6 72.6
New Zealand 30 26.7 34.7 33.9 31.6 28.9 29.5 29.1 29.8 29 32.8
Norway 40.2 37 38 37.3 34.4 33.8 35.3 36.4 37.4 37.8 38.4
Poland - 22.9 30.3 28.9 30.4 34.7 38.7 37.5 41.3 42.2 42
Portugal 28.8 34.5 35.2 33.9 32.1 31.3 32.3 33 35.1 36.3 37.7
Slovakia - - 71.7 76.8 74.7 76.8 75.8 78.5 86.3 87 84.2
Spain 15.7 17.8 30.6 29.8 28.4 27.5 27.9 28.3 29.6 29.9 29.5
Sweden 30.3 30.2 43.4 43.2 41.2 40.4 42.2 44.9 47.4 48.7 50.5
Switzerland 36 35.5 43.6 43.5 41.1 40.8 42.9 45.6 48.6 51.3 50.8
Turkey 6.6 12.2 21.6 25.4 24.4 23.5 24.9 23.6 25.1 24.5 26.1
UK 25.9 25 28.6 28.3 27.4 26.6 26.6 28.1 30.1 28 30.4
USA 10.4 10.3 13.2 12.1 11.7 11.8 12.8 13.5 14.2 14.7 15.2
EU27 total - - 35.9 35.8 34.6 34.1 35.4 37 39.6 40 41
OECD total - - 22.4 22 21.8 22.3 23.9 25 26.7 27.8 28.9
Chile - - 30.6 32.5 32.8 34.5 36.2 37.1 38.2 40.3 43.1
Estonia - - 87.2 81.7 74.8 73.2 77.1 83.2 86.7 79.8 77.7
Israel - - 37.6 34.5 36.8 37.3 41.6 43.1 43.2 44 40.8
Russia - - 34 30.6 29.8 29.5 28.3 28.3 27.4 26.1 26.5
Slovenia - - 55.7 55.9 54.6 54.1 58.7 62.4 66.9 70.8 69.2
Source: Factbook 2010: Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics, OECD(2010).
Ⅲ
4. Social Background
1) Life Expectancy at Birth: Total
(Number of years)
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Australia 70.9 70.8 74.5 77.0 79.3 80.9 81.1 81.3 81.5 81.6
Austria 68.7 70.0 72.6 75.6 78.2 79.4 79.9 80.2 80.5 80.4
Belgium 69.8 71.0 73.3 76.1 77.8 79.0 79.5 79.8 79.8 80.0
Canada 71.3 72.8 75.3 77.6 79.0 80.1 80.4 80.7 - -
Czech Republic 70.6 69.6 70.4 71.5 75.1 76.0 76.7 77.0 77.3 77.3
Denmark 72.4 73.3 74.3 74.9 76.8 78.2 78.4 78.4 78.8 79.0
Finland 69.0 70.8 73.6 75.0 77.7 79.1 79.5 79.6 79.9 80.0
France 70.3 72.2 74.3 76.8 79.0 80.3 80.7 80.9 81.0 81.0
Germany 69.1 70.5 72.9 75.3 78.2 79.4 79.8 80.0 80.2 80.3
Greece - 73.8 75.3 77.1 78.0 79.2 79.5 79.5 80.0 80.3
Hungary 68.0 69.2 69.1 69.4 71.7 72.8 73.2 73.3 73.8 74.0
Iceland 72.8 74.3 76.7 78.0 80.1 81.2 81.2 81.2 81.3 81.5
Ireland 70.0 71.2 72.8 74.9 76.6 79.4 79.7 79.8 80.1 80.0
Italy 69.8 72.0 74.0 77.1 79.8 80.8 81.3 81.5 81.8 -
Japan 67.8 72.0 76.1 78.9 81.2 82.0 82.4 82.6 82.7 83.0
Korea 52.4 62.1 65.9 71.4 76.0 78.5 79.0 79.4 79.9 80.3
Luxembourg 69.3 69.7 72.8 75.5 78.0 79.5 79.3 79.5 80.6 80.7
Mexico 57.5 60.9 67.2 70.6 73.9 74.6 74.8 75.0 75.1 75.3
Netherlands 73.5 73.7 75.8 77.0 78.0 79.4 79.8 80.2 80.3 80.6
New Zealand - 71.5 73.2 75.5 78.3 79.8 80.1 80.2 80.4 80.8
Norway 73.8 74.3 75.9 76.7 78.8 80.3 80.5 80.6 80.8 81.0
Poland 67.8 70.0 70.2 70.7 73.8 75.1 75.3 75.3 75.6 75.8
Portugal 63.9 66.7 71.4 74.1 76.7 78.1 78.9 79.0 79.3 79.5
Slovakia 70.5 69.8 70.5 71.0 73.3 74.0 74.3 74.3 74.8 75.0
Spain 69.8 72.0 75.4 77.0 79.4 80.3 81.1 81.0 81.3 81.8
Sweden 73.0 74.7 75.8 77.6 79.7 80.6 80.8 81.0 81.2 81.4
Switzerland 71.4 73.1 75.6 77.5 79.9 81.3 81.7 82.0 82.2 82.3
Turkey 48.3 54.1 58.0 67.5 71.0 73.0 73.2 73.3 73.6 73.8
UK 70.8 71.8 73.2 75.7 77.9 79.2 79.5 79.7 79.8 80.4
USA 69.8 70.9 73.7 75.3 76.7 77.4 77.7 77.9 78.0 78.2
OECD total 68.9 70.5 72.6 74.9 77.1 78.5 78.8 78.9 79.2 79.5
Brazil 54.5 58.6 62.6 66.4 70.3 71.7 72.0 72.2 72.5 72.7
Chile - - - 72.9 76.8 77.9 78.4 77.8 77.8 78.2
China 46.6 62.0 66.0 68.1 71.3 72.6 72.8 73.0 73.2 73.3
Estonia - 69.7 69.2 69.6 70.6 72.7 72.9 72.9 73.9 75.0
India 42.4 48.8 55.1 58.2 61.3 62.8 63.1 63.4 63.8 64.1
Indonesia 41.2 47.6 54.5 61.6 67.4 69.7 70.1 70.5 70.8 71.2
Israel - 71.8 73.9 76.7 78.8 80.2 80.6 80.5 81.0 81.6
Russia 68.7 68.3 67.3 69.0 65.7 65.6 66.8 67.6 68.0 68.7
Slovenia - - - 73.3 75.5 77.7 78.4 78.2 78.8 79.0
South Africa 49.1 52.9 56.9 61.5 55.9 51.8 51.6 51.5 51.5 51.7
Source: Factbook 2012: Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics, OECD(2012).
31
Ⅰ. Socio-Economic Background > 4. Social Background
2) Life Expectancy at Birth: Men
(Number of years)
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Australia 67.9 67.4 71.0 73.9 76.6 78.5 78.7 79.0 79.2 79.3
Austria 65.4 66.5 69.0 72.3 75.2 76.6 77.1 77.4 77.8 77.6
Belgium 66.8 67.8 69.9 72.7 74.6 76.2 76.6 77.1 76.9 77.3
Canada 68.4 69.3 71.7 74.4 76.3 77.7 78.0 78.3 - -
Czech Republic 67.8 66.1 66.9 67.6 71.7 72.9 73.5 73.8 74.1 74.2
Denmark 70.4 70.7 71.2 72.0 74.5 76.0 76.1 76.2 76.5 76.9
Finland 65.5 66.5 69.3 71.0 74.2 75.6 75.9 76.0 76.5 76.6
France 67.0 68.4 70.2 72.8 75.2 76.7 77.1 77.4 77.6 77.7
Germany 66.5 67.5 69.6 72.0 75.1 76.7 77.2 77.4 77.6 77.8
Greece 70.2 71.6 73.0 74.7 75.5 76.8 77.2 77.1 77.7 77.8
Hungary 65.9 66.3 65.5 65.1 67.4 68.6 69.0 69.2 69.8 70.0
Iceland 70.7 71.2 73.7 75.4 78.4 79.2 79.4 79.4 79.6 79.7
Ireland 68.1 68.8 70.1 72.1 74.0 77.2 77.3 77.4 77.8 77.4
Italy 67.2 69.0 70.6 73.8 76.9 78.0 78.5 78.7 79.1 -
Japan 65.3 69.3 73.3 75.9 77.7 78.6 79.0 79.2 79.3 79.6
Korea 51.1 58.7 61.8 67.3 72.3 75.1 75.7 76.1 76.5 76.8
Luxembourg 66.5 66.2 70.0 72.4 74.6 76.7 76.8 76.7 78.1 78.1
Mexico 55.8 58.5 64.1 67.7 71.3 72.2 72.4 72.6 72.7 72.9
Netherlands 71.5 70.8 72.5 73.8 75.5 77.2 77.6 78.0 78.3 78.5
New Zealand 68.4 68.4 70.1 72.5 75.9 77.7 78.0 78.2 78.4 78.8
Norway 71.6 71.2 72.4 73.5 76.0 77.8 78.2 78.3 78.4 78.7
Poland 64.9 66.6 66.0 66.2 69.7 70.8 70.9 71.0 71.3 71.5
Portugal 61.1 63.6 67.9 70.6 73.2 74.9 75.5 75.9 76.2 76.5
Slovakia 68.4 66.7 66.8 66.6 69.1 70.1 70.4 70.5 70.9 71.3
Spain 67.4 69.2 72.3 73.4 75.8 77.0 77.7 77.8 78.2 78.6
Sweden 71.2 72.2 72.8 74.8 77.4 78.4 78.7 78.9 79.1 79.4
Switzerland 68.7 70.0 72.3 74.0 77.0 78.7 79.2 79.5 79.8 79.9
Turkey 46.3 52.0 55.8 65.4 69.0 70.9 71.1 71.1 71.4 71.5
UK 67.9 68.7 70.2 72.9 75.5 77.1 77.3 77.6 77.8 78.3
USA 66.6 67.1 70.0 71.8 74.1 74.9 75.1 75.4 75.5 75.7
OECD total 66.3 67.3 69.2 71.6 74.0 75.6 75.9 76.1 76.4 76.7
Brazil 52.7 56.5 59.8 62.6 66.4 68.0 68.3 68.6 68.8 69.1
Chile - - - 69.4 73.7 74.9 75.5 75.0 75.1 75.6
China 45.4 61.3 65.0 66.7 69.8 71.0 71.1 71.3 71.5 71.6
Estonia 65.2 65.4 64.2 64.5 65.1 67.3 67.4 67.1 68.6 69.8
India 43.3 49.5 55.2 58.0 60.3 61.5 61.7 62.0 62.3 62.6
Indonesia 40.4 46.5 53.0 59.8 65.6 67.8 68.2 68.5 68.8 69.2
Israel - 70.1 72.1 74.9 76.7 78.2 78.7 78.7 79.0 79.7
Russia 63.7 63.0 61.5 63.8 59.1 58.9 60.4 61.3 61.8 62.8
Slovenia - - - 69.4 71.9 74.1 74.8 74.6 75.4 75.8
South Africa 47.3 50.3 53.6 57.8 52.9 49.8 49.7 49.8 50.0 50.3
Source: Factbook 2012: Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics, OECD(2012).
Ⅲ 3) Life Expectancy at Birth: Women
(Number of years)
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Australia 73.9 74.2 78.1 80.1 82.0 83.3 83.5 83.7 83.7 83.9
Austria 71.9 73.5 76.1 79.0 81.2 82.2 82.8 83.1 83.3 83.2
Belgium 72.8 74.3 76.7 79.5 81.0 81.9 82.3 82.6 82.6 82.8
Canada 74.2 76.4 78.9 80.8 81.7 82.5 82.8 83.0 - -
Czech Republic 73.5 73.1 74.0 75.5 78.5 79.2 79.9 80.2 80.5 80.5
Denmark 74.4 75.9 77.3 77.8 79.2 80.5 80.7 80.6 81.0 81.1
Finland 72.5 75.0 78.0 79.0 81.2 82.5 83.1 83.1 83.3 83.5
France 73.6 75.9 78.4 80.9 82.8 83.8 84.2 84.4 84.3 84.4
Germany 71.7 73.6 76.2 78.5 81.2 82.0 82.4 82.7 82.7 82.8
Greece 73.8 76.0 77.5 79.5 80.6 81.6 81.9 81.8 82.3 82.7
Hungary 70.1 72.1 72.7 73.7 75.9 76.9 77.4 77.3 77.8 77.9
Iceland 75.0 77.3 79.7 80.5 81.8 83.1 83.0 82.9 83.0 83.3
Ireland 71.9 73.5 75.6 77.7 79.2 81.6 82.1 82.1 82.4 82.5
Italy 72.3 74.9 77.4 80.3 82.8 83.6 84.2 84.2 84.5 -
Japan 70.2 74.7 78.8 81.9 84.6 85.5 85.8 86.0 86.0 86.4
Korea 53.7 65.6 70.0 75.5 79.6 81.9 82.4 82.7 83.3 83.8
Luxembourg 72.2 73.0 75.6 78.7 81.3 82.3 81.9 82.2 83.1 83.3
Mexico 59.2 63.2 70.2 73.5 76.5 77.0 77.2 77.4 77.5 77.6
Netherlands 75.4 76.5 79.2 80.1 80.5 81.6 81.9 82.3 82.3 82.7
New Zealand - 74.5 76.2 78.4 80.8 82.0 82.2 82.2 82.4 82.7
Norway 76.0 77.5 79.3 79.9 81.5 82.7 82.9 82.9 83.2 83.2
Poland 70.6 73.3 74.4 75.2 78.0 79.4 79.6 79.7 80.0 80.0
Portugal 66.7 69.7 74.9 77.5 80.2 81.3 82.3 82.2 82.4 82.6
Slovakia 72.7 72.9 74.3 75.4 77.4 77.9 78.2 78.1 78.7 78.7
Spain 72.2 74.8 78.5 80.6 82.9 83.7 84.4 84.3 84.5 84.9
Sweden 74.9 77.1 78.8 80.4 82.0 82.8 82.9 83.0 83.2 83.4
Switzerland 74.1 76.2 79.0 80.9 82.8 84.0 84.2 84.4 84.6 84.6
Turkey 50.3 56.3 60.3 69.5 73.1 75.0 75.3 75.6 75.8 76.1
UK 73.7 75.0 76.2 78.5 80.3 81.3 81.7 81.8 81.9 82.5
USA 73.1 74.7 77.4 78.8 79.3 79.9 80.2 80.4 80.5 80.6
OECD total 71.5 73.6 75.9 78.3 80.2 81.3 81.7 81.8 82.0 82.2
Brazil 56.4 60.7 65.3 70.1 74.2 75.5 75.7 75.9 76.2 76.4
Chile - - - 76.5 80.0 80.9 81.4 80.7 80.6 80.9
China 47.8 62.7 67.0 69.5 72.9 74.3 74.5 74.7 74.9 75.1
Estonia 73.0 74.0 74.2 74.7 76.0 78.1 78.5 78.7 79.2 80.1
India 41.5 48.1 55.0 58.5 62.3 64.2 64.5 64.9 65.2 65.6
Indonesia 42.0 48.8 56.0 63.3 69.3 71.6 72.0 72.5 72.8 73.3
Israel - 73.4 75.7 78.4 80.9 82.2 82.5 82.4 83.0 83.5
Russia 72.3 73.5 73.1 74.3 72.3 72.4 73.2 73.9 74.2 74.7
Slovenia - - - 77.2 79.1 81.3 81.9 81.8 82.3 82.3
South Africa 50.8 55.6 60.2 65.2 58.8 53.8 53.4 53.2 53.1 53.1
Source: Factbook 2012: Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics, OECD(2012).
33
Ⅰ. Socio-Economic Background > 4. Social Background
4) Infant Mortality
(Deaths per 1,000 live births)
1970 1980 1990 1995 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Australia 17.9 10.7 8.2 5.7 5.2 5.0 4.7 4.2 4.1 4.3
Austria 25.9 14.3 7.8 5.4 4.8 4.2 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.8
Belgium 21.1 12.1 8.0 6.0 4.8 3.7 4.0 3.9 3.7 3.4
Canada 18.8 10.4 6.8 6.1 5.3 5.4 5.0 5.1 - -
Czech Republic 20.2 16.9 10.8 7.7 4.1 3.4 3.3 3.1 2.8 2.9
Denmark 14.2 8.4 7.5 5.1 5.3 4.4 3.5 4.0 4.0 3.1
Finland 13.2 7.6 5.6 3.9 3.8 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.6
France 18.2 10.0 7.3 5.0 4.5 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.9
Germany 22.5 12.4 7.0 5.3 4.4 3.9 3.8 3.9 3.5 3.5
Greece 29.6 17.9 9.7 8.1 5.9 3.8 3.7 3.5 2.7 3.1
Hungary 35.9 23.2 14.8 10.7 9.2 6.2 5.7 5.9 5.6 5.1
Iceland 13.2 7.7 5.9 6.1 3.0 2.3 1.4 2.0 2.5 1.8
Ireland 19.5 11.1 8.2 6.4 6.2 4.0 3.6 3.1 3.8 3.2
Italy 29.6 14.6 8.1 6.1 4.3 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.7
Japan 13.1 7.5 4.6 4.3 3.2 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.4
Korea 45.0 17.0 10.0 7.7 6.2 4.7 4.1 3.6 3.5 -
Luxembourg 24.9 11.5 7.3 5.5 5.1 2.6 2.5 1.8 1.8 2.5
Mexico 80.9 52.6 39.2 27.7 19.4 16.8 16.2 15.7 15.2 14.7
Netherlands 12.7 8.6 7.1 5.5 5.1 4.9 4.4 4.1 3.8 3.8
New Zealand 16.7 13.0 8.4 6.7 6.3 5.0 5.1 4.8 5.0 4.7
Norway 11.3 8.1 6.9 4.0 3.8 3.1 3.2 3.1 2.7 3.1
Poland 36.7 25.5 19.3 13.6 8.1 6.4 6.0 6.0 5.6 5.6
Portugal 55.5 24.3 10.9 7.4 5.5 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.6
Slovakia 25.7 20.9 12.0 11.0 8.6 7.2 6.6 6.1 5.9 5.7
Spain 28.1 12.3 7.6 5.5 4.4 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.3
Sweden 11.0 6.9 6.0 4.1 3.4 2.4 2.8 2.5 2.5 2.5
Switzerland 15.1 9.1 6.8 5.1 4.9 4.2 4.4 3.9 4.0 4.3
Turkey 145.0 117.5 51.5 45.2 31.6 18.4 16.9 15.9 14.9 13.1
UK 18.5 12.1 7.9 6.2 5.6 5.1 5.0 4.8 4.7 4.6
USA 20.0 12.6 9.2 7.6 6.9 6.9 6.7 6.8 6.5 -
OECD total 29.3 18.2 9.9 8.6 6.7 5.2 4.9 4.7 4.6 4.4
Brazil 95.2 72.0 46.0 36.1 28.2 21.5 20.4 19.3 18.3 17.3
Chile 79.3 33.0 16.0 11.1 8.9 7.9 7.6 8.3 7.8 7.9
China 82.8 46.1 36.8 36.4 32.2 21.5 - - 14.9 13.8
Estonia 17.7 17.1 12.3 14.9 8.4 5.4 4.4 5.0 5.0 3.6
India 126.2 103.2 83.8 77.0 67.6 57.2 55.4 53.6 51.9 50.3
Indonesia 103.0 78.1 56.4 45.6 39.5 33.7 32.6 31.7 30.7 29.8
Israel - 15.6 9.9 6.8 5.5 4.4 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.8
Russia 23.0 22.1 17.3 18.1 15.4 11.0 10.2 9.4 8.5 8.2
Slovenia 24.5 15.3 8.4 5.5 4.9 4.1 3.4 2.8 2.4 2.4
South Africa - 68.1 47.8 48.2 54.3 52.4 48.9 46.9 44.7 43.1
Source: Factbook 2010: Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics, OECD(2010).
Ⅲ 5) Population per Medical Personnels
(In person)
Year Number of Persons per Medical Personnel
Physicians Dentists Nurses Pharmacists
2001 655 2,787 492 1,515
2002 644 2,730 471 1,510
2003 608 2,666 465 1,482
2004 639 2,823 537 1,609
2005 613 2,701 525 1,568
2006 588 2,596 502 1,534
2007 574 2,533 480 1,550
2008 537 2,461 455 1,546
2009 515 2,388 439 1,524
2010 513 2,412 435 1,571
Note: 1) Estimated by active health workforce and population projection. Oriental doctors are included in Physicians.
Source: Statistical Yearbook of Health, Welfare, and Family(each year), Ministry of Health and Welfare.
35
Ⅰ. Socio-Economic Background > 4. Social Background
6) Public and Private Expenditure on Pension
(As a percentage of GDP)
Public Expenditure Private Expenditure
1990 1995 2000 2005 2006 2007 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Australia 3.0 3.6 3.8 3.3 3.3 3.4 4.3 3.7 3.9 3.4 5.5 4.6
Austria 11.4 12.3 12.3 12.5 12.4 12.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2
Belgium 9.1 9.4 8.9 9.0 8.9 8.9 1.4 1.3 1.3 2.8 2.6 3.3
Canada 4.2 4.7 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.2 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.7
Czech Republic 6.1 6.3 7.5 7.3 7.2 7.4 0.2 - - 0.3 0.3 0.4
Denmark 5.1 6.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 3.2 3.4 3.8 3.3 4.1 4.3
Finland 7.3 8.8 7.7 8.4 8.5 8.3 - - 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.7
France 10.6 12.0 11.8 12.3 12.4 12.5 - - - -
Germany 9.7 10.7 11.2 11.5 11.1 10.7 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3
Greece 9.9 9.6 10.7 11.7 11.8 11.9 - - - 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungary - - 7.4 8.6 8.7 9.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2
Iceland 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.9 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.8 6.3
Ireland 3.9 3.5 3.1 3.4 3.4 3.6 - - - -
Italy 10.1 11.3 13.6 14.0 14.0 14.1 - 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2
Japan 4.9 6.1 7.4 8.7 8.7 8.8 - - - -
Korea 0.7 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.0 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.7
Luxembourg 8.2 8.8 7.5 7.2 6.8 6.5 - 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mexico 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.4 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2
Netherlands 6.7 5.8 5.0 5.0 4.8 4.7 3.2 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.9
New Zealand 7.4 5.7 5.0 4.3 4.3 4.3 1.8 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.9
Norway 5.6 5.5 4.8 4.8 4.6 4.7 - 1.4 1.4 2.0 1.5 -
Poland 5.1 9.4 10.5 11.4 11.5 10.6 - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Portugal 4.9 7.2 7.9 10.3 10.6 10.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.4 1.0
Slovakia - 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.0 5.9 - - - -
Spain 7.9 9.0 8.6 8.1 8.0 8.0 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6
Sweden 7.7 8.2 7.2 7.6 7.3 7.2 - 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.2 -
Switzerland 5.6 6.7 6.6 6.8 6.5 6.4 5.1 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.3 5.5
Turkey 2.4 2.7 - 5.9 5.8 6.1 - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1
UK 4.8 5.4 5.3 5.6 5.3 5.4 2.9 3.0 3.1 2.8 2.9 3.2
USA 6.1 6.3 5.9 6.0 5.9 6.0 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.0 -
OECD average 6.4 6.9 6.9 7.1 7.0 7.0 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.3
Chile 8.3 6.9 7.5 5.9 5.4 5.2 2.0 1.8 1.6 0.9 1.9 -
Estonia - - 6.0 5.3 5.3 5.2 - - - 0.0
Israel - 4.7 4.9 5.1 4.9 4.8 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7
Slovenia - - 10.6 9.9 10.0 9.6 - - - 0.0 0.0 0.0
Source: Factbook 2012: Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics, OECD(2012).
Ⅲ 7) Income Inequality
Gini Coefficient Inter-decile Ratio P90/P10
Inter-decile Ratio P90/P50
Inter-decile Ratio P50/P10
Level Ranking Level Ranking Level Ranking Level Ranking
Australia 0.34 26 4.5 24 2.0 23 2.1 20
Austria 0.26 9 3.2 9 1.8 9 1.8 8
Belgium 0.26 6 3.3 11 1.7 6 1.9 16
Canada 0.32 23 4.2 21 1.9 19 2.1 19
Chile 0.49 34 8.5 33 3.2 34 2.7 33
Czech Republic 0.26 4 2.9 2 1.7 7 1.7 2
Denmark 0.25 2 2.8 1 1.6 1 1.7 4
Estonia 0.32 21 4.3 22 2.0 26 2.3 25
Finland 0.26 8 3.2 7 1.7 5 1.9 10
France 0.29 12 3.4 14 1.9 17 1.8 7
Germany 0.30 15 3.5 15 1.8 14 1.9 14
Greece 0.31 18 4.0 19 2.0 21 2.2 21
Hungary 0.27 10 3.1 6 1.7 8 1.8 6
Iceland 0.30 16 3.2 10 1.8 11 1.7 3
Ireland 0.29 13 3.7 17 1.9 16 2.2 22
Israel 0.37 30 6.2 32 2.3 30 2.7 32
Italy 0.34 27 4.3 23 2.0 27 2.1 18
Japan 0.33 24 5.0 29 2.0 24 2.4 29
Korea 0.32 20 4.8 27 1.9 18 2.4 28
Luxembourg 0.29 11 3.4 13 1.8 12 1.9 9
Mexico 0.48 33 9.7 34 3.0 33 2.9 34
Netherlands 0.29 14 3.3 12 1.8 13 1.9 12
New Zealand 0.33 25 4.2 20 2.1 28 2.1 17
Norway 0.25 3 3.0 3 1.6 2 1.8 5
Poland 0.31 19 4.0 18 2.0 22 2.4 27
Portugal 0.35 29 4.9 28 2.3 31 2.2 24
Slovakia 0.26 5 3.1 5 1.8 10 1.9 13
Slovenia 0.24 1 3.0 4 1.6 3 1.9 11
Spain 0.32 22 4.6 25 2.0 20 2.3 26
Sweden 0.26 7 3.2 8 1.7 4 1.7 1
Switzerland 0.30 17 3.7 16 1.9 15 1.9 15
Turkey 0.41 32 6.2 31 2.5 32 2.7 30
UK 0.34 28 4.6 26 2.0 25 2.2 23
USA 0.38 31 5.9 30 2.2 29 2.7 31
OECD average 0.31 - 4.3 - 2.0 - 2.1 -
Factbook 2012 Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics, OECD(2012).
37
Ⅰ. Socio-Economic Background > 4. Social Background
8) Crime
(percentage)
Victimisation by:
Fear of Crime ConventiAll
onal Victimi-
sation
Conventional Crimes Non-
Conventional Crimes Vehicle-Related Crimes Burglary and
Other Thefts Contact Crimes
Theft carsof
Theft from or
out of cars
Motor- cycle theft
Bicycle theft Burglary
with entry Attem-
pted burglary
Theft of personal property and pick- pocke-
ting Robb-
ery Sexual offences
against women
Assaults or threatsConsumer
fraud Corrup- tion
Feeling unsafe on the
street after dark
Australia 16.3 1.1 4.5 0.1 1.2 2.5 2.4 3.6 0.9 - 3.4 - - 27
Austria 11.6 0.1 2.4 0.0 2.0 0.9 1.4 3.4 0.4 2.2 1.8 8.1 0.6 19
Belgium 17.7 0.5 4.2 0.1 4.2 1.8 2.4 3.4 1.2 0.9 3.6 8.0 0.5 26
Canada 17.2 0.8 4.8 0.2 2.7 2.0 1.7 4.0 0.8 2.3 3.0 7.4 0.6 17
Denmark 18.8 1.3 2.6 0.3 6.0 2.7 1.6 3.3 0.9 1.9 3.3 15.7 1.0 17
Finland 12.7 0.4 2.2 0.1 5.2 0.8 0.5 2.3 0.3 1.4 2.2 5.2 0.0 14
France 12.0 0.6 3.2 0.3 0.9 1.6 1.2 3.3 0.8 0.4 2.1 10.2 1.1 21
Germany 13.1 0.2 2.0 0.2 3.4 0.9 1.3 3.0 0.4 2.4 2.7 11.7 0.6 30
Greece 12.3 0.3 1.8 0.6 2.1 1.8 1.7 5.3 1.4 1.7 2.4 24.7 13.5 42
Hungary 10.0 0.2 2.1 0.0 1.7 1.7 0.8 3.0 0.9 0.1 1.2 19.7 4.9 26
Iceland 21.2 1.0 3.8 0.1 4.6 1.6 1.6 6.9 0.8 3.0 5.9 12.9 0.3 6
Ireland 21.9 1.2 5.2 0.3 2.5 2.3 1.7 7.2 2.2 3.8 4.9 8.0 0.3 27
Italy 12.6 1.0 2.4 1.0 2.1 2.1 2.5 2.4 0.3 0.7 0.8 5.9 0.4 35
Japan 9.9 0.1 1.1 0.7 5.1 0.9 0.7 0.3 0.2 1.3 0.6 1.9 0.2 35
Luxembourg 12.7 0.6 2.8 0.0 1.6 1.7 2.7 2.9 0.7 0.6 2.3 9.8 0.4 36
Mexico 18.7 0.9 4.1 0.0 3.7 3.0 3.0 4.3 3.0 1.5 2.2 7.2 13.3 34
Netherlands 19.7 1.0 3.9 0.4 6.6 1.3 1.4 3.7 0.5 1.9 4.3 7.0 0.2 18
New Zealand 21.5 1.8 6.6 0.1 1.4 3.2 3.1 4.1 1.1 2.5 4.9 7.7 0.5 30
Norway 15.8 0.7 2.6 0.3 4.2 1.2 0.9 4.8 0.8 2.5 2.9 9.7 0.4 14
Poland 15.0 0.7 3.9 0.1 2.6 1.4 1.1 3.5 1.3 1.3 3.0 16.1 4.4 33
Portugal 10.4 1.5 5.0 0.0 0.5 1.4 0.8 1.6 1.0 0.5 0.9 8.2 1.0 34
Spain 9.1 1.0 2.7 0.3 0.7 0.8 0.4 2.1 1.3 0.3 1.6 10.8 0.3 33
Sweden 16.1 0.5 4.2 0.6 5.0 0.7 0.1 2.4 1.1 3.3 3.5 13.7 0.1 19
Switzerland 18.1 0.2 2.9 0.6 4.6 1.6 1.2 5.9 0.8 2.9 2.5 7.3 0.5 -
UK 21.0 1.8 5.8 0.7 2.7 3.3 2.6 5.7 1.3 1.9 5.4 - - 31
USA 17.5 1.1 5.2 0.0 2.9 2.5 2.6 4.8 0.6 3.6 4.3 12.5 0.5 19
OECD average 15.5 0.8 3.5 0.3 3.1 1.8 1.6 3.7 1.0 1.8 2.9 10.4 1.9 26
Source: Factbook 2009: Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics, OECD(2009).
Ⅲ 9) Road Fatalities
(Per million inhabitants)
1996 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Australia 108 95 81 78 77 68 70
Austria 127 122 94 89 83 81 76
Belgium 134 143 104 102 100 100 88
Canada 103 95 91 89 83 82 73
Czech Republic 152 145 126 104 118 103 86
Denmark 98 93 61 56 74 74 55
Finland 79 76 72 64 72 65 53
France 138 129 88 77 75 69 69
Germany 107 91 65 62 60 55 51
Greece 206 193 150 149 141 138 130
Hungary 135 118 127 130 123 99 82
Iceland 37 113 64 104 48 38 54
Ireland 125 110 84 87 77 63 53
Italy 115 115 94 89 86 79 71
Japan 93 93 70 65 52 47 45
Korea - 218 132 131 127 121 120
Luxembourg 170 172 101 78 90 72 98
Mexico 52 53 46 47 51 51 46
Netherlands 76 73 50 50 48 46 44
New Zealand 141 121 99 95 100 86 90
Norway 58 76 49 52 49 53 45
Poland 165 163 143 138 147 143 120
Portugal 241 186 118 104 81 83 69
Slovakia 119 120 111 113 122 112 71
Spain 139 143 89 94 85 68 60
Sweden 61 67 49 49 51 43 39
Switzerland 87 82 55 50 51 47 46
Turkey 86 58 62 62 68 57 58
UK 65 62 55 55 50 43 38
USA 158 149 147 143 136 123 111
EU27 total 124 117 91 87 86 79 70
OECD total - 114 96 93 90 82 75
Chile 132 110 100 101 99 106 -
Estonia 233 169 126 126 146 98 75
India 70 80 98 106 115 - -
Israel 91 73 63 57 53 56 42
Russia 199 203 237 230 235 211 184
Slovenia 195 157 129 130 145 105 84
South Africa 243 196 301 325 312 287 -
Source: Factbook 2012: Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics, OECD(2012).
39
Ⅰ. Socio-Economic Background > 5. Quality of Life
5. Quality of Life
1) Poverty Rates and Poverty Gaps
(%)
Poverty Rate Poverty Gap
Czech Republic 5.5 19.7
Denmark 6.1 24.9
Hungary 6.4 25.8
Iceland 6.4 24.6
Netherlands 7.2 18.8
France 7.2 23.9
Slovakia 7.2 25.8
Norway 7.8 33.6
Austria 7.9 20.4
Finland 8.0 18.9
Slovenia 8.0 21.9
Sweden 8.4 26.6
Luxembourg 8.5 18.9
Germany 8.9 24.0
Ireland 9.1 21.1
Switzerland 9.3 28.0
Belgium 9.4 19.0
Poland 10.1 26.4
Greece 10.8 23.6
UK 11.0 33.1
New Zealand 11.0 22.6
OECD 11.0 27.2
Italy 11.4 32.2
Portugal 12.0 27.4
Canada 12.0 30.2
Estonia 12.5 24.9
Spain 14.0 40.0
Australia 14.6 26.3
Korea 15.0 36.6
Japan 15.7 33.1
Turkey 17.0 29.6
USA 17.3 37.0
Chile 18.4 34.2
Israel 19.9 32.8
Mexico 21.0 38.5
Source: Factbook 2012: Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics, OECD(2012).
Ⅲ 2) Percentage of Youth Not in Education or Employment
(As a percentage of each population group)
Aged 15~19 Aged 20~24
1997 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 1997 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Australia 8.1 6.8 7.4 7.1 6.5 6.3 8.3 17.5 13.3 11.6 11.5 10.7 10.7 11.6
Austria - - 6.9 6.6 5.3 5.6 6.5 - - 12.4 12.5 11.0 11.4 11.8
Belgium 9.0 6.5 6.2 7.1 5.2 5.5 5.7 18.3 16.0 18.3 16.9 15.4 14.1 16.1
Canada 7.7 8.2 7.0 7.3 7.3 7.3 8.1 17.9 15.7 14.4 13.0 13.7 13.1 15.2
Czech Republic - 7.9 5.3 4.5 2.9 2.7 3.5 - 20.3 16.6 14.1 11.0 10.6 13.1
Denmark 1.4 2.7 4.3 4.4 3.9 2.8 2.9 6.5 6.6 8.3 5.9 8.2 7.7 9.8
Finland - - 5.2 3.6 3.5 5.1 5.1 - - 13.0 13.3 13.3 12.0 15.1
France 5.7 6.2 5.4 5.4 6.3 7.0 6.9 21.3 20.5 16.7 18.8 17.8 19.0 19.8
Germany 5.0 5.7 4.4 4.2 4.2 3.7 3.8 18.4 16.9 18.7 16.7 15.2 14.0 13.7
Greece 9.6 9.3 11.7 7.8 8.5 8.4 7.9 27.5 25.9 21.6 18.4 17.7 17.1 18.2
Hungary 8.9 8.6 6.4 6.0 5.0 5.7 5.6 29.2 22.0 18.9 18.5 16.9 18.4 20.9
Iceland - - - 6.6 - 10.0 - 6.4 - 9.4
Ireland - 4.4 4.5 5.0 5.1 8.5 11.0 - 9.7 12.3 11.8 12.1 14.6 20.8
Italy - 13.1 11.2 11.8 10.2 9.6 11.2 - 27.5 24.1 22.8 22.6 22.0 24.8
Japan 7.7 8.8 8.8 9.1 7.6 7.4 8.4 7.7 8.8 8.8 9.1 7.6 7.4 8.4
Luxembourg 5.6 - 2.2 4.1 2.9 2.1 2.7 10.3 8.2 9.3 10.3 9.2 9.8 8.7
Mexico 19.0 18.3 - - - - 18.4 28.7 27.1 - - - - 27.6
Netherlands 2.8 3.7 3.9 3.0 3.6 2.1 3.6 7.1 8.2 9.1 7.3 6.9 5.6 7.9
New Zealand - - 8.0 9.1 9.7 8.4 12.4 - - 14.4 13.7 14.2 15.2 18.3
Norway 1.6 - 2.5 3.4 3.7 4.0 4.2 11.7 8.0 9.6 9.1 8.8 7.0 9.4
Poland 5.3 4.5 1.7 3.8 2.5 2.4 3.6 25.3 30.8 20.1 20.7 18.3 15.6 16.4
Portugal 9.8 7.7 8.4 7.8 8.6 7.1 6.9 14.2 11.0 14.1 13.3 15.2 13.5 15.7
Slovakia 16.7 26.3 6.3 6.7 5.4 5.7 4.5 25.5 33.1 25.2 22.8 19.9 16.6 17.1
Spain 10.9 8.0 10.8 10.1 10.9 10.5 13.4 22.1 15.0 19.4 16.9 17.2 19.4 26.3
Sweden 4.6 3.6 4.7 5.3 5.4 4.4 5.5 16.3 10.7 13.4 15.2 13.1 12.9 16.5
Switzerland 7.4 7.9 7.5 7.6 8.2 9.4 7.9 10.4 5.9 11.9 10.8 10.4 9.1 10.7
Turkey 30.2 31.2 36.1 35.0 34.5 37.1 28.7 48.4 44.2 49.7 48.8 46.3 46.1 46.1
UK - 8.0 9.3 10.9 10.7 9.8 9.6 - 15.4 16.8 18.2 18.1 18.3 19.1
USA 7.1 7.0 6.1 6.3 6.3 7.2 8.8 15.1 14.4 15.5 15.6 16.2 17.2 20.1
OECD average 8.8 9.4 7.9 7.8 7.7 7.6 8.4 19.0 17.8 17.2 16.8 15.7 15.5 17.7
Brazil - - - - 14.7 13.8 14.0 - - - - 23.4 22.5 23.3
Estonia - - 5.2 3.7 5.7 4.9 8.0 - - 16.3 15.4 15.3 10.7 19.8
Israel - - 24.7 24.3 25.7 22.2 24.7 - - 40.3 40.6 39.6 37.5 37.5
Slovenia - - 4.9 4.2 4.3 4.4 2.5 - - 13.0 13.7 10.4 10.3 11.4
Source: Education at a glance: OECD indicators(www.oecd.org/edu/eag2011), OECD(2011).
41
Ⅰ. Socio-Economic Background > 5. Quality of Life
3) Distribution of Leisure Time
(Percentages)
Shares of leisure time by demographic groups Composition of leisure time by activities
Total
Gender Age TV or
radio at home
Other leisure activi-
ties
Visiting or entertaini
ng
Partici-pa ting and atten-
ding
Sports
Men Women 15~24 25~44 45~65 65 and
over
Australia 23 24 23 27 17 22 34 41 47 3 2 6
Belgium 28 29 28 28 23 29 38 36 42 8 8 5
Canada 24 24 24 27 18 23 39 34 34 21 2 8
Finland 27 27 26 30 23 27 38 37 40 7 8 8
Germany 26 26 25 27 22 25 37 34 45 6 7 8
Italy 28 28 28 29 23 29 37 28 46 4 15 7
Korea 26 29 23 30 21 25 37 28 48 6 10 8
New Zealand 22 22 22 21 16 19 34 47 42 4 0 6
Norway 24 25 23 24 22 25 33 35 41 16 1 7
Poland 16 19 14 18 11 16 25 48 33 10 4 5
Spain 25 25 25 30 20 22 35 25 45 24 2 5
Sweden 27 27 28 29 24 28 39 31 33 14 15 8
Turkey 25 28 24 28 22 26 39 41 38 6 8 6
UK 26 26 23 28 20 26 35 31 41 4 12 12
USA 25 25 25 29 21 25 38 31 42 7 11 8
OECD average 23 24 22 - - - - 40 25 34 0 2
Source: Factbook 2009: Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics, OECD(2009).
Ⅲ 4) Household Expenditure on Recreation and Culture
(As a percentage of GDP)
1980 1990 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Australia 5.8 6.1 7.3 7.1 7.2 7.1 7 6.8 6.6 -
Austria 5 6.5 7 7.1 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.7 6.5 -
Belgium - - 5.2 5.2 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.7
Canada 4.4 5.1 5.7 5.7 5.8 5.7 5.6 5.5 5.5 5.4
Czech Republic - - 6.1 6.2 6 6.2 6 5.9 5.7 5.6
Denmark 4.8 4.9 5.2 5.1 5.1 5.3 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.6
Finland 5.2 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.8 5.7
France 4.8 4.8 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.1
Germany - - 5.6 5.6 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.2 5.1
Greece - - 5.1 5.8 5.8 5.4 5.5 5.6 6.6 6.3
Hungary - - 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.2 -
Iceland - 6.1 7.1 6.9 6.8 6.7 6.5 6.4 6.1 -
Ireland - - 3.4 3.5 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.1
Italy 4.1 4.4 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.1 4.1 4
Japan - - 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6 6.1 -
Korea 2.2 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.4 4 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.7
Luxembourg - - 3.6 3.8 3.9 3.5 3.5 3.2 2.9 2.8
Netherlands 5.9 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.3 5.1 5 4.8 4.8 4.8
Norway - - 5.2 5.3 5.5 5.6 5.5 5.1 - -
Poland - - 5.6 4.9 4.8 5 5 4.7 4.5 -
Portugal - - 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.5 -
Slovakia - - 4.7 5.2 5 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.8 5
Spain - - 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.3 -
Switzerland - 5.2 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 5 4.9 4.6 -
Turkey - - 3.8 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.2
USA 4.5 5.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.3 6.4 6.5
Estonia - - 4.9 4.9 5.1 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.8 -
Israel - - 4.4 4.3 4 4 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.5
Slovenia - - 6 6 6 6.1 6.1 6.1 5.9 5.6
Source: Factbook 2009: Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics, OECD(2009).
43
Ⅰ. Socio-Economic Background > 5. Quality of Life
5) Government Expenditure on Recreation and Culture
(As a percentage of GDP)
1980 1990 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Austria - - 1 1.1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Belgium - 0.7 1 1 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 -
Canada - 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 -
Czech Republic - - 1 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3 -
Denmark - 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.6
Finland - 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 -
France - - 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5
Germany - - 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7
Greece - - 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 -
Hungary - - - 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.7 -
Iceland - - 3.2 3 3.3 3.6 3.7 3.3 3.6 -
Ireland - 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 -
Italy - 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 -
Japan - - 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 -
Korea - - 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 -
Luxembourg - 1.1 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.2 1.7 1.9
Netherlands - - 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3
New Zealand - - - 1.3 1.3 1.1 - -
Norway - - 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1 -
Poland - - - - 1.1 1 1 1 1.1 -
Portugal - - 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1 -
Slovakia - - - 1 1.2 0.9 0.9 -
Spain - - 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 -
Switzerland - - 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1 1 1.1 -
UK - 1 1 1 1 0.9 0.9 0.9 - -
USA 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
Estonia - - 1.9 2 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.5 2.5 -
Israel - - 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4
Slovenia - - 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 -
Source: Factbook 2009: Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics, OECD(2009).
Ⅲ 6) Household and Government Expenditure on Recreation and culture
(As a percentage of GDP)
1980 1990 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Australia 5.8 6.1 7.3 7.1 7.2 7.1 7 6.8 6.6 -
Austria 5 6.5 7 7.1 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.7 6.5 -
Belgium - - 5.2 5.2 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.7
Canada 4.4 5.1 5.7 5.7 5.8 5.7 5.6 5.5 5.5 5.4
Czech Republic - - 6.1 6.2 6 6.2 6 5.9 5.7 5.6
Denmark 4.8 4.9 5.2 5.1 5.1 5.3 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.6
Finland 5.2 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.8 5.7
France 4.8 4.8 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.1
Germany - - 5.6 5.6 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.2 5.1
Greece - - 5.1 5.8 5.8 5.4 5.5 5.6 6.6 6.3
Hungary - - 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.2 -
Iceland - 6.1 7.1 6.9 6.8 6.7 6.5 6.4 6.1 -
Ireland - - 3.4 3.5 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.1
Italy 4.1 4.4 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.1 4.1 4
Japan - - 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6 6.1 -
Korea 2.2 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.4 4 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.7
Luxembourg - - 3.6 3.8 3.9 3.5 3.5 3.2 2.9 2.8
Netherlands 5.9 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.3 5.1 5 4.8 4.8 4.8
Norway - - 5.2 5.3 5.5 5.6 5.5 5.1 - -
Poland - - 5.6 4.9 4.8 5 5 4.7 4.5 -
Portugal - - 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.5 -
Slovakia - - 4.7 5.2 5 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.8 5
Spain - - 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.3 -
Switzerland - 5.2 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 5 4.9 4.6 -
Turkey - - 3.8 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.2
USA 4.5 5.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.3 6.4 6.5
Estonia - - 4.9 4.9 5.1 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.8 -
Israel - - 4.4 4.3 4 4 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.5
Slovenia - - 6 6 6 6.1 6.1 6.1 5.9 5.6
Source: Factbook 2009: Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics, OECD(2009).
45
Ⅰ. Socio-Economic Background > 5. Quality of Life
7) Arrivals of Non-Resident Tourists in Hotels and Similar Establishments or at Borders
(Thousands)
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Australia 3,825 4,109 4,530 4,435 4,420 4,354 4,774 5,020 5,064 5,644
Austria 12,803 12,755 13,240 13,279 13,487 13,748 14,075 14,542 14,947 15,344
Belgium 4,859 4,983 5,163 5,117 5,323 5,261 5,385 5,409 5,665 5,713
Canada 18,870 19,411 19,627 19,679 20,057 17,534 19,145 18,770 18,265 17,931
Czech Republic 4,067 4,141 3,863 4,439 4,314 4,485 5,346 5,686 5,781 6,098
Denmark 1,305 1,268 1,347 1,310 1,284 1,294 1,363 1,350 1,357 1,308
Finland 1,655 1,613 1,751 1,774 1,796 1,800 1,825 1,828 2,045 2,188
France 32,339 34,267 36,474 35,097 36,093 32,520 33,988 35,033 32,506 33,463
Germany 14,457 14,965 16,719 15,754 15,672 15,979 17,620 18,761 20,630 21,449
Greece 7,276 7,229 7,767 6,997 6,654 6,574 6,313 7,143 7,548 8,746
Hungary 2,472 2,401 2,604 2,669 2,659 2,599 2,951 3,140 3,009 3,131
Iceland 400 431 451 465 513 569 615 643 714 782
Ireland 6,064 6,403 6,646 6,353 6,476 6,764 6,953 7,333 8,001 8,332
Italy 25,927 26,530 28,797 29,138 29,340 28,174 29,916 30,870 33,513 34,757
Japan 4,106 4,438 4,757 4,772 5,239 5,212 6,138 6,728 7,334 8,347
Korea 4,250 4,660 5,322 5,147 5,347 4,753 5,818 6,023 6,155 6,448
Luxembourg 525 580 589 577 599 581 613 667 673 706
Mexico 8,157 9,501 9,867 9,410 7,869 8,556 9,972 10,691 9,689 13,250
Netherlands 7,432 7,550 7,738 7,445 7,433 6,930 7,601 8,081 8,567 8,713
New Zealand 1,485 1,607 1,787 1,909 2,045 2,104 2,334 2,366 2,409 2,455
Norway 2,829 2,857 2,787 2,686 2,561 2,439 2,556 2,656 2,841 -
Poland 2,695 1,982 2,505 2,488 2,536 2,701 3,385 3,723 3,738 3,833
Portugal 4,974 4,911 5,119 4,934 5,060 4,906 5,201 5,355 5,883 7,045
Slovakia 701 767 836 927 1,041 1,043 1,094 1,203 1,292 1,350
Spain 20,199 26,799 27,150 27,012 26,611 27,249 27,620 29,029 34,412 35,844
Sweden 2,304 2,320 2,465 2,586 2,577 2,552 2,610 2,736 2,867 2,993
Switzerland 7,185 7,154 7,821 7,455 6,868 6,530 - 7,229 7,863 8,448
Turkey 7,539 4,805 6,789 8,769 9,859 8,983 10,962 12,937 11,883 14,788
UK 16,304 17,019 17,019 17,019 14,176 14,397 13,172 17,009 18,711 18,671
USA 46,377 48,510 51,237 46,927 43,581 41,218 46,086 49,206 50,978 55,986
Brazil 3,854 3,754 3,868 3,331 3,536 2,633 3,068 3,215 - -
Chile 1,759 1,632 1,742 1,723 1,412 1,614 1,785 2,027 2,253 2,507
China 25,073 27,047 31,229 33,167 36,803 32,970 41,761 46,809 49,913 54,720
Estonia 602 - - 848 937 1,009 1,300 1,358 1,330 1,286
India 2,359 2,482 2,649 2,537 2,384 2,726 3,457 3,919 4,447 5,082
Israel 2,283 2,895 3,165 1,077 694 900 1,374 2,005 2,131 2,748
Russia - - - 3,215 3,231 3,101 3,275 3,438 4,416 -
Slovenia 799 740 884 933 1,006 1,053 1,125 1,192 1,247 1,354
Source: Factbook 2010: Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics, OECD(2010).
Ⅲ 8) People Reporting Volunteering or Social Support(2008)
(As a percentage of respondents)
Volunteering Social support
Donated money Volunteered your time Someone you can count
on Helped a stranger
Australia 69.9 37.9 94.7 64.6
Austria 69.7 30.3 93.5 58.8
Belgium 40.5 24.0 92.3 46.0
Canada 65.6 38.1 93.9 66.0
Czech Republic 31.0 18.2 90.0 38.3
Denmark 67.7 19.7 95.4 45.6
Finland 42.7 27.9 95.1 42.1
France 51.5 28.5 94.4 38.2
Germany 56.3 22.7 92.6 47.9
Greece 19.0 7.4 80.8 34.2
Hungary 19.2 6.3 93.1 38.8
Ireland 73.0 35.0 98.3 58.7
Italy 50.7 21.1 91.2 33.8
Japan 25.6 24.7 85.7 22.7
Korea 30.9 21.3 82.7 41.6
Mexico 20.2 10.3 87.6 41.3
Netherlands 74.9 37.1 94.4 49.4
New Zealand 67.7 41.5 94.4 64.1
Norway 52.4 38.9 95.9 48.9
Poland 29.3 10.4 91.3 36.5
Portugal 18.9 11.9 90.5 38.4
Slovakia 29.3 12.9 95.4 31.4
Spain 23.4 14.8 94.8 46.0
Sweden 52.4 12.4 92.3 47.6
Switzerland 70.7 34.1 95.1 61.5
Turkey 14.6 7.5 64.5 35.7
UK 72.2 28.7 95.4 58.5
USA 66.3 41.9 95.3 65.5
OECD average 46.6 23.8 91.4 46.5
Brazil 29.1 16.9 88.6 52.9
Chile 57.8 14.3 81.5 60.7
China 8.2 3.9 81.1 40.5
Estonia 14.6 20.1 90.4 34.3
India 14.3 12.8 68.4 31.6
Indonesia 43.1 23.1 67.5 25.6
Israel 59.2 18.9 86.8 56.2
Russia 4.6 20.3 88.2 35.2
Slovenia 41.3 32.0 93.6 44.1
South Africa 14.3 12.8 78.8 51.3
Source: Factbook 2009: Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics, OECD(2009).
47
Ⅰ. Socio-Economic Background > 5. Quality of Life
9) People Reporting Various Positive Experiences
Positive Experiences As a percentage of respondents
Positive Experience
Index Well rested Treated with
respect Chose how time was spent
Proud of something you
did
Learnt or did something interesting
Australia 65.8 90.6 70.7 73.7 58.9 83.2
Austria 73.5 93.8 78.3 63.8 52.7 84.4
Belgium 70.6 92.5 82.9 60.6 50.1 79.1
Canada 70.0 93.3 75.8 78.6 67.9 87.0
Czech Republic 59.8 74.0 54.6 52.2 50.8 77.9
Denmark 66.3 96.0 71.9 62.6 61.4 88.8
Finland 69.8 93.2 74.0 61.8 57.6 73.2
France 64.1 93.2 78.5 49.9 56.0 74.5
Germany 66.5 92.9 61.7 56.2 54.7 74.4
Greece 57.7 92.0 63.0 45.0 39.5 74.1
Hungary 65.2 88.4 - - 35.8 74.2
Iceland 66.4 97.3 - - 82.4 86.9
Ireland 70.4 93.6 80.6 75.2 56.2 83.8
Italy 64.5 93.5 79.7 63.0 54.4 75.2
Japan 76.8 61.2 85.3 46.9 54.7 74.0
Korea 75.3 68.9 78.8 62.3 37.9 64.4
Luxembourg 63.7 95.5 - - 56.0 78.8
Mexico 74.3 92.9 76.9 70.0 58.8 85.6
Netherlands 67.1 94.3 67.6 65.1 46.6 80.0
New Zealand 66.3 91.1 70.5 76.4 70.9 84.6
Norway 66.1 91.8 66.8 58.6 63.4 86.1
Poland 66.5 94.2 70.6 63.1 43.6 74.0
Portugal 71.4 93.2 75.5 57.2 59.4 62.2
Slovakia 59.2 82.3 60.2 54.6 38.6 74.9
Spain 73.3 97.7 84.7 69.5 51.8 59.1
Sweden 64.1 94.1 70.0 66.5 61.6 86.8
Switzerland 69.8 94.4 70.1 60.3 57.5 86.1
Turkey 67.8 68.2 - - 32.7 47.5
UK 66.9 91.3 75.6 59.1 54.7 84.3
USA 67.5 89.4 71.4 74.2 61.5 84.0
OECD average 67.6 89.5 72.9 62.6 54.3 77.6
Brazil 68.6 94.3 73.9 75.3 59.6 81.1
Chile 70.4 94.5 74.1 68.4 60.7 81.2
China 80.7 90.6 82.9 35.5 37.0 83.7
Estonia 59.4 88.8 60.4 51.9 45.9 70.1
India 66.4 80.7 53.6 33.0 36.6 79.3
Indonesia 87.6 94.3 69.9 69.8 55.0 87.3
Israel 58.6 75.8 56.2 58.0 49.6 72.2
Russia 60.7 90.3 63.6 46.2 36.5 63.2
Slovenia 68.2 92.6 66.6 70.4 57.1 58.5
South Africa 76.5 82.6 70.6 56.0 48.9 73.5
Source: Factbook 2010: Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics, OECD(2010).
Ⅲ 10) People Reporting Various Negative Experiences
Negative Experiences
As a percentage of respondents Negative
Experience Index
Pain Worry Sadness Boredom Depression Anger
Australia 23.0 30.6 17.3 20.3 8.2 17.6 22.1
Austria 21.2 23.5 16.5 11.6 5.8 12.3 18.2
Belgium 28.1 33.3 18.6 11.5 8.6 20.7 23.8
Canada 24.6 37.3 20.7 22.4 9.3 16.2 24.8
Czech Republic 20.9 33.9 18.8 14.9 13.0 30.9 22.8
Denmark 21.0 23.7 12.2 12.3 2.9 13.3 15.1
Finland 17.7 29.1 9.9 18.1 6.5 4.4 15.3
France 36.0 38.0 22.4 16.0 7.9 30.6 28.5
Germany 21.8 27.6 18.1 13.7 5.2 16.6 22.0
Greece 28.5 42.4 18.8 29.1 6.9 15.1 22.9
Hungary 27.6 35.5 23.3 - 26.8 9.2 26.4
Iceland 25.8 24.8 10.9 - 4.7 10.2 17.2
Ireland 18.8 28.5 22.5 21.6 8.8 19.4 23.0
Italy 26.3 43.9 25.8 23.7 11.3 13.9 27.2
Japan 20.5 29.9 12.7 21.8 20.6 14.7 20.7
Korea 23.9 32.4 14.4 29.7 18.7 15.9 22.8
Luxembourg 26.6 25.3 19.0 - 4.9 27.0 24.0
Mexico 22.3 33.0 15.6 30.8 12.1 10.3 20.4
Netherlands 16.3 31.5 13.8 9.5 4.3 9.4 15.8
New Zealand 23.5 31.4 18.0 24.0 8.8 20.2 23.6
Norway 16.5 20.5 13.2 22.2 8.1 12.9 16.1
Poland 17.3 33.5 20.8 22.3 6.2 19.0 19.9
Portugal 26.0 48.7 33.3 16.2 16.8 11.1 28.4
Slovakia 24.1 39.3 22.9 16.8 12.6 30.8 26.9
Spain 31.3 51.7 26.1 20.8 12.6 23.0 28.8
Sweden 22.9 15.9 12.0 19.0 4.4 12.4 15.8
Switzerland 26.2 32.1 17.9 14.2 4.2 13.8 20.7
Turkey 17.8 31.2 30.6 - 14.4 37.5 28.1
UK 24.1 32.5 20.0 27.1 9.0 16.9 23.7
USA 29.8 38.4 20.9 29.8 13.8 19.3 28.1
OECD average 23.7 32.6 18.9 20.0 9.9 17.5 22.4
Brazil 25.9 43.8 20.5 13.9 8.0 17.9 23.9
Chile 33.1 46.8 23.6 30.6 14.4 21.3 27.4
China 11.8 25.7 6.8 21.4 7.7 16.3 17.3
Estonia 20.6 34.6 24.8 17.6 11.8 14.1 20.3
India 29.6 35.6 25.4 21.5 23.0 29.4 27.8
Indonesia 16.6 25.2 15.4 31.8 1.2 17.3 13.3
Israel 38.4 43.2 24.3 31.3 15.0 30.7 31.1
Russia 22.8 22.8 18.7 18.7 12.1 9.0 15.5
Slovenia 30.5 51.7 21.2 12.8 7.3 19.0 25.5
South Africa 25.6 31.0 18.8 22.0 13.5 19.5 23.3
Source: Factbook 2010: Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics, OECD(2010).
49
Ⅰ. Socio-Economic Background > 6. National Competitiveness
6. National Competitiveness
1) World Competitiveness Ranking(2012)
Ranking Nation Score Ranking Nation Score
1 Hong Kong(1) 100 31 Estonia(33) 66.947
1 USA(1) 97.755 32 Kazakhstan(36) 66.892
3 Sweden(5) 96.679 33 Czech Republic(30) 66.187
4 Singapore(3) 95.923 34 Poland(34) 64.179
5 Sweden(4) 91.393 35 India(32) 63.596
6 Canada(7) 90.289 36 Lithuania(45) 63.422
7 Taiwan(6) 89.959 37 Mexico(38) 63.18
8 Norway(13) 89.673 38 Turkey(39) 62.244
9 Germany(10) 89.257 39 Spain(35) 61.118
10 Qatar(8) 88.475 40 Italy(42) 60.641
11 Netherlands(14) 87.158 41 Portugal(40) 60.38
12 Luxembourg(11) 86.052 42 Indonesia(37) 59.499
13 Denmark(12) 84.876 43 Philippines(41) 59.271
14 Malaysia(16) 84.217 44 Peru(43) 58.711
15 Australia(9) 83.185 45 Hungary(47) 57.34
16 Arab Emirates(28) 82.486 46 Brazil(44) 56.524
17 Finland(15) 82.467 47 Slovakia(48) 55.667
18 UK(20) 80.142 48 Russia(47) 55.159
19 Israel(17) 78.565 49 Jordan(53) 53.235
20 Ireland(24) 78.465 50 South Africa(52) 53.16
21 Austria(18) 77.673 51 Slovenia(51) 52.957
22 Korea(22) 76.747 52 Colombia(46) 51.893
23 China(19) 75.769 53 Rumania(50) 48.929
24 New Zealand(21) 74.881 54 Bulgaria(55) 48.45
25 Belgium(23) 73.484 55 Argentina(54) 48.197
26 Iceland(31) 71.541 56 Ukraine(57) 46.878
27 Japan(26) 71.354 57 Croatia(58) 45.301
28 Chile(25) 71.285 58 Greece(56) 43.054
29 France(29) 70.003 59 Venezuela(59) 31.454
30 Thailand(27) 69.001 60 - -
Note: * Ranking of national competitiveness among 55 industrial countries and newly industrialized countries that IMD announces annually.
** ( )is previous year's ranking.
*** Korea's ranking in principal subsections: Economic performance 27th place(51.61%), Government efficiency 25th place(56.44%), Business efficiency 25th place(56.79%), Infrastructure 20th place(67.60%).
Source: World Competitiveness Yearbook, IMD(2012).
Ⅲ 2) World Competitiveness Ranking by Sector No. 1(Continued)
(Ranking)
Economic
Performance Domestic Economy
International Trade
International
Investment Employment Prices North America
Canada 12 9 40 8 20 16
USA 1 1 16 1 26 5
Asia & Pacific
Korea 27 16 30 42 8 54
Australia 23 10 41 10 19 48
Japan 24 19 57 19 11 18
New Zealand 41 46 50 50 36 15
Europe
Austria 20 15 20 21 23 44
Belgium 18 28 11 5 41 35
Denmark 31 33 22 23 37 52
Finland 40 35 52 39 40 42
France 22 14 29 22 45 12
Germany 5 4 12 6 13 7
Ireland 37 40 18 18 55 21
Italy 39 26 39 40 47 43
Luxembourg 6 23 4 4 9 32
Netherlands 8 20 7 12 21 22
Portugal 53 54 37 35 52 25
Spain 51 39 36 26 56 30
Sweden 17 7 19 13 34 37
UK 19 24 33 7 33 24
Other OECD Countries
Norway 16 11 32 17 17 40
Poland 30 32 35 31 46 27
Switzerland 7 6 10 14 7 33
Note: * Not categorized by year.
** Ranking of segmental national competitiveness : Compares ranking of segmental national competitiveness announced by IMD.
Source: World Competitiveness Yearbook, IMD(2012).
51
Ⅰ. Socio-Economic Background > 6. National Competitiveness
2) World Competitiveness Ranking by Sector No. 1
(Ranking)
Government
Efficiency Public
Finance Fiscal Policy Institutional Framework
Business Legislation
Societal Framework North America
Canada 9 35 15 8 6 8
USA 22 50 20 16 13 26
Asia & Pacific
Korea 25 10 19 23 42 32
Australia 14 20 24 27 8 12
Japan 48 59 36 24 30 36
New Zealand 10 34 16 18 3 10
Europe
Austria 33 37 56 21 33 14
Belgium 41 51 58 28 22 19
Denmark 11 22 40 7 11 4
Finland 12 19 46 11 10 3
France 47 52 59 25 25 18
Germany 19 24 49 9 19 7
Ireland 20 57 13 26 4 16
Italy 49 53 53 39 36 37
Luxembourg 16 13 34 19 20 13
Netherlands 15 23 48 4 9 5
Portugal 46 55 42 40 23 30
Spain 40 54 39 30 45 21
Sweden 8 12 50 6 5 2
UK 23 47 31 5 16 23
Other OECD Countries
Norway 6 3 43 10 17 1
Poland 36 40 38 29 29 28
Switzerland 4 4 7 3 7 6
Note: * Not categorized by year.
** Ranking of segmental national competitiveness : Compares ranking of segmental national competitiveness announced by IMD.
Source: World Competitiveness Yearbook, IMD(2012).
Ⅲ 3) World Competitiveness Ranking by Sector No. 2(Continued)
(Ranking)
Business
Efficiency Productivity Labor market Finance Management Practices
Attitudes and Values North America
Canada 9 25 22 2 8 6
USA 11 3 20 9 18 25
Asia & Pacific
Korea 25 32 24 25 26 22
Australia 13 20 25 6 14 13
Japan 33 44 40 22 22 38
New Zealand 28 43 35 24 24 26
Europe
Austria 20 8 29 35 12 39
Belgium 29 17 49 24 25 42
Denmark 15 9 43 18 3 9
Finland 16 11 32 12 13 23
France 45 18 54 27 48 59
Germany 17 7 28 20 11 24
Ireland 10 2 21 32 9 2
Italy 44 31 50 47 42 43
Luxembourg 12 13 16 5 15 29
Netherlands 14 10 14 16 16 11
Portugal 47 41 46 46 53 37
Spain 46 22 53 39 54 50
Sweden 5 4 15 8 10 7
UK 22 26 34 13 33 28
Other OECD Countries
Norway 8 5 26 3 6 19
Poland 39 33 39 36 41 44
Switzerland 7 16 13 4 2 10
Note: * Not categorized by year.
** Ranking of segmental national competitiveness : Compares ranking of segmental national competitiveness announced by IMD.
Source: World Competitiveness Yearbook, IMD(2012).
53
Ⅰ. Socio-Economic Background > 6. National Competitiveness
3) World Competitiveness Ranking by Sector No. 2
(Ranking)
Infrastructure Basic Infrastructure
Technological Infrastructure
Scientific Infrastructure
Health and
Environment Education North America
Canada 6 3 10 11 9 7
USA 1 6 2 1 24 23
Asia & Pacific
Korea 20 21 14 5 28 31
Australia 19 22 30 15 13 10
Japan 17 32 24 2 16 36
New Zealand 24 25 31 26 12 12
Europe
Austria 16 13 21 17 8 14
Belgium 21 17 27 24 17 8
Denmark 4 5 7 16 4 2
Finland 5 12 12 14 5 1
France 14 9 18 12 10 19
Germany 7 15 13 3 7 17
Ireland 22 27 19 22 14 16
Italy 28 54 28 20 25 29
Luxembourg 23 28 20 25 15 18
Netherlands 11 4 11 18 11 11
Portugal 25 33 22 29 18 21
Spain 27 23 36 27 20 35
Sweden 3 11 6 9 1 4
UK 15 20 15 10 19 15
Other OECD Countries
Norway 9 2 17 19 3 9
Poland 36 41 41 36 41 25
Switzerland 2 7 8 6 2 3
Note: * Not categorized by year.
** Ranking of segmental national competitiveness : Compares ranking of segmental national competitiveness announced by IMD.
Source: World Competitiveness Yearbook, IMD(2012).
Ⅲ 4) World Competitiveness Ranking in Education Sector(2012)
Ranking Nation Ranking Nation
1 Finland 31 Korea
2 Denmark 32 Czech Republic
3 Switzerland 33 Malaysia
4 Sweden 34 Ukraine
5 Iceland 35 Spain
6 Singapore 36 Japan
7 Canada 37 Slovakia
8 Belgium 38 Russia
9 Norway 39 Croatia
10 Australia 40 Kazakhstan
11 Netherlands 41 Jordan
12 New Zealand 42 Qatar
13 Israel 43 Arab Emirates
14 Austria 44 Argentina
15 UK 45 China
16 Ireland 46 Rumania
17 Germany 47 Chile
18 Luxembourg 48 Bulgaria
19 France 49 Venezuela
20 Estonia 50 South Africa
21 Portugal 51 Turkey
22 Lithuania 52 Thailand
23 USA 53 Indonesia
24 Taiwan 54 Brazil
25 Poland 55 Peru
26 Slovenia 56 Mexico
27 Hong Kong 57 Philippines
28 Hungary 58 India
29 Italy 59 Colombia
30 Greece - -
Source: World Competitiveness Yearbook, IMD(2012).
55
Ⅰ. Socio-Economic Background > 6. National Competitiveness
5) Korea’s Educational Competitiveness by Year
Subject 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Ranking Index Ranking Index Ranking Index Ranking Index Ranking Index
Total Ranking 35/55 36/55 35/58 29/59 31/59
1. Public Expenditure on Education
Relative to GDP 36 4.20 33 4.60 31 4.60 - - - -
2. Public Expenditure on Education per
person** 29 916 32 793 31 785 - - - -
3. Number of Students per Teacher in
Elementary School 51 24.10 50 22.38 - - - - - -
4. Number of Students per Teacher in
Middle & High School 53 18.20 53 17.98 - - - - - -
5. Middle & High School Enrollment Rates 6 98.00 8 98.7 - - - - - - 6. Percentage of The Population Aged 25
to 34 That Has Attained Higher Education
2 58.00 2 63.0 - - - - - -
7. Number of Foreign Students Enrolled at Higher Education Institutions per 1,000 Population
33 0.83 34 1.02 - - - -
8. Number of Students Studying Abroad for Higher Education per 1,000 Population**
11 2.32 11 2.54 - - - - -
9. Educational Achievement**
Maths
- -
5 546
- - - -
Science - 538 - - - - -
10. English Proficiency(TOEFL)** 48 78.00 - - 46 81.00 46 81.00 - - 11. Education System
(Meeting the Demands of Competitive Society)*
41 3.68 32 4.38 31 5.03 20 6.00 27 5.58
12. University Education
(Meeting the Demands of Competitive Society)*
55 3.39 51 3.95 46 4.28 39 5.00 42 4.57
13. Management Education* 39 4.77 42 4.52 43 4.70 35 5.41 43 4.95
14. Illiteracy Rate of Aged 15 & Over 33 1.70 34 1.70 - - - - - - 17. Linguistic Ability
(Meeting the Demands of Firms)* 36 4.75 34 4.88 39 4.98 31 5.60 32 5.59
Note: * (*) Indicates qualitative indicator(from the survey) which ranges from 1 to 10.
** (**) Indicates that it is not used in calculation of ranking, but only used for identification of the country's background information.
Source: World Competitiveness Yearbook, IMD(2012).
Ⅲ 6) Foreign Labor Force & High-skilled Foreign Workers
(percentage)
Foreign Labor Force(2010) Foreign High-skilled People(2012) Ranking Proportion in Total
Labor Force Ranking Skilled Labor
North America
Canada 33 1.38 19 6.43
USA - - 18 6.39
Asia & Pacific
Korea 28 2.76 45 5.18
Australia 5 27.64 46 5.17
Japan 38 0.32 34 5.70
New Zealand - - 49 5.10
Europe
Austria 10 11.66 50 4.98
Belgium 11 10.40 39 5.48
Denmark 20 4.97 3 7.81
Finland 29 2.68 5 7.51
France 19 5.41 30 5.88
Germany 16 7.89 23 7.04
Ireland 9 12.71 3 8.23
Italy 18 5.53 35 6.24
Luxembourg 3 66.90 21 7.06
Netherlands 25 3.60 7 7.69
Portugal 27 3.17 39 6.09
Spain 15 8.24 34 6.25
Sweden 23 3.79 6 7.97
UK 17 7.29 13 7.49
Other OECD Countries
Norway 12 9.65 10 7.63
Poland 41 0.07 40 5.97
Switzerland 7 20.45 1 8.70
Note: Not categorized by year.
Source: World Competitiveness Yearbook, IMD(2012).
57
Ⅰ. Socio-Economic Background > 6. National Competitiveness
7) Brain Drain Index
Rank -ing
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Nation Score Nation Score Nation Score Nation Score Nation Score
1 Iceland 8.40 Norway 7.38 Norway 7.51 Norway 7.86 Norway 7.97
2 Norway 7.44 Finland 7.27 Switzerland 7.50 Switzerland 7.41 Switzerland 7.91
3 Switzerland 7.16 Austria 7.21 Austria 7.27 Chile 7.25 Chile 7.24
4 Ireland 7.14 Switzerland 7.10 Netherlands 6.87 Sweden 7.25 USA 7.21
5 USA 7.07 Chile 6.88 USA 6.84 USA 7.15 Sweden 7.03
6 Austria 7.07 Ireland 6.75 Finland 6.79 Austria 6.88 Hong Kong 6.98
7 Chile 7.03 USA 6.64 Sweden 6.77 Finland 6.84 Finland 6.96
8 Sweden 6.68 Denmark 6.64 Chile 6.41 Denmark 6.41 Denmark 6.81
9 Singapore 6.62 Sweden 6.62 Luxembourg 6.36 Netherlands 6.36 Czech
Republic 6.80 10 Finland 6.52 Japan 6.39 Hong Kong 6.18 Czech
Republic 6.32 Netherlands 6.80 한국
Korea
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Ranking Score Ranking Score Ranking Score Ranking Score Ranking Score
28 5.11 48 3.44 42 3.69 44 3.68 49 3.40
Source: World Competitiveness Yearbook, IMD(2012).
Ⅲ 8) Human Development Index(2011)
(Age, Percentage)
Life Expectancy at Birth(2011)
Adult Literacy Rate(2010)
Completion Rate of Secondary Education for People Aged 25 or
Over(2010)
HDI(2011)
North America
Canada 81.0 - 79.6 0.910
USA 78.5 - 89.7 0.908
Asia & Pacific
Korea 80.6 - 75.3 0.897
Australia 81.9 - 73.4 0.929
Japan 83.4 - 71.9 0.901
New Zealand 80.7 - 67.9 0.908
Europe
Austria 80.9 - 70.1 0.885
Belgium 80.0 - 47.7 0.886
Denmark 78.8 - 68.1 0.895
Finland 80.0 - 70.5 0.882
France 81.5 - 55.7 0.884
Germany 80.4 - 97.2 0.905
Ireland 80.6 - 64.1 0.908
Italy 81.9 98.9 46.7 0.874
Luxembourg 80.0 - 78.1 0.867
Netherlands 80.7 - 67.4 0.910
Portugal 79.5 - 27.5 0.809
Spain 81.4 97.7 46.9 0.878
Sweden 81.4 - 80.3 0.904
UK 80.2 - 58.2 0.863
Other OECD Countries
Norway 81.1 - 87.3 0.943
Poland 76.1 99.5 60.6 0.813
Switzerland 82.3 - 71.0 0.903
Note: * Human development index: Measure used by UN to evaluate the degree of human development achievement with through principal statistics, such as each country's education level, national income, average life expectancy, etc.
** Not categorized by year.
Source: Human Development Report, UNDP(2011).
59
Ⅰ. Socio-Economic Background > 6. National Competitiveness
9) Gender-related Development Index(GDI), Equal Opportunity Index
Gender Inequality Index(2010)
(GDI) Equal Opportunity Index(2012)
Value Rank Value Rank
North America
Canada 0.140 20 7.36 6
USA 0.299 47 6.26 29
Asia & Pacific
Korea 0.111 11 6.31 28
Australia 0.136 18 6.64 22
Japan 0.123 14 6.66 21
New Zealand 0.195 32 7.05 13
Europe
Austria 0.131 16 6.24 30
Belgium 0.114 12 6.43 25
Denmark 0.060 3 7.26 7
Finland 0.075 5 7.47 5
France 0.106 10 5.98 37
Germany 0.085 7 6.35 27
Ireland 0.203 33 7.73 2
Italy 0.124 15 5.32 47
Luxembourg 0.169 26 6.74 20
Netherlands 0.052 2 6.95 15
Portugal 0.140 19 6.09 33
Spain 0.117 13 6.00 35
Sweden 0.049 1 7.05 12
UK 0.209 34 5.91 40
Other OECD Countries
Norway 0.075 6 7.57 4
Poland 0.164 25 6.00 35
Switzerland 0.067 4 7.23 8
Note: * Gender Inequality Index by country: produced with 5 indexes within 3 fields: Reproductive health, Empowerment and Labor market.
** First introduced in 2010, Gender Inequality Index is a replacement of GEM and GDI that were primary indices for measuring global gender inequality.
*** Not categorized by year.
Source: 1) Human Development Report, UNDP(2012) 2) World Competitiveness Yearbook, IMD(2011).
Ⅲ 10) Industrial Production Index
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Rate of increase compared to
2007(%) North America
Canada 94.8 96.5 96.5 98.3 100.0 99.8 99.9 95.5 -4.4
USA 93.4 93.3 94.5 96.8 100.0 102.3 103.8 101.5 -2.2
Mexico 94.3 94.1 94.0 97.5 100.0 105.4 107.3 106.4 -0.8
Asia & Pacific
Korea1) 74.7 80.7 85.2 94.0 100.0 108.4 115.9 119.4 3.0
Indonesia 93.8 90.2 95.3 85.8 100.0 85.4 81.5 84.3 3.4
Japan - - 94.1 98.6 100.0 104.4 107.3 103.8 -3.3
Malaysia 75.3 78.6 86.0 96.1 100.0 104.8 107.2 107.8 0.6
Singapore 74.0 79.7 82.0 91.8 100.0 110.3 116.6 112.5 -3.5
Australia 96.9 97.9 99.7 99.1 100.0 100.3 103.8 106.5 2.6
New Zealand 87.9 87.9 95.0 97.0 100.0 98.1 96.7 99.4 2.8
Note: 1) 2005=100.
Source: 1) Annual Report on Industrial Production(each year), Statistics Korea.
2) International Statistical Yearbook(each year), Statistics Korea.
61
Ⅰ. Socio-Economic Background > 6. National Competitiveness
11) Scientific Environment Index(2012)
Basic Research(2008) Science in School(2012) Scientific Technique and Youth(2008)
Index Ranking Index Ranking Index Ranking
North America
Canada 7.47 5 6.46 7 5.23 13
USA 7.62 4 4.06 45 4.16 36
Asia & Pacific
Korea 6.91 10 4.57 37 4.59 22
Australia 6.44 19 4.87 32 4.41 30
Japan 6.75 12 5.04 27 4.11 37
New Zealand 5.68 28 5.57 20 4.45 26
Europe
Austria 6.67 15 4.82 33 4.67 20
Belgium 6.49 18 5.63 19 4.81 18
Denmark 6.58 17 6.02 12 5.27 12
Finland 6.69 14 8.00 2 6.17 7
France 6.66 16 6.55 6 4.57 23
Germany 7.64 3 6.17 11 4.53 25
Italy 3.34 55 4.65 35 3.91 38
Ireland 7.10 7 5.81 15 4.39 31
Luxembourg 5.90 25 5.14 25 4.43 27
Netherlands 6.87 11 5.70 18 4.42 28
Portugal 5.10 32 5.55 21 3.88 39
Spain 5.02 34 3.87 46 3.26 50
Sweden 7.32 6 5.76 17 4.19 35
UK 6.99 9 4.20 43 2.82 52
Other OECD Countries
Norway 5.25 30 4.34 40 3.75 44
Poland 4.57 43 5.10 26 4.87 17
Switzerland 8.50 1 7.51 3 5.80 9
Note: * Basic research, scientific technique, and youth indices are available only until year 2008.
** Basic research: The degree of long-term economic/technical development encouraged by basic research.
*** Science in school: The degree of appropriate progress in science education within compulsory education course.
**** Scientific technique and youth: The degree of interest triggered by scientific technique among the youth.
Source: World Competitiveness Yearbook, IMD(2012).