Chapter 5. Summary and Future perspective
5.2 Future perspective
Wearable technologies have been developed based on micro/nanostructured responsive polymers to solve the limitations of conventional sensors and actuators, such as rigidity, low sensitivity, slow response, and bio-incompatibility. We achieved physical and chemical sensors and dynamic thermal insulators with high sensitivity, fast response, great durability by introducing polymer microgels, ion- conducting hydrogels, and hierarchical micro/nanoporous structures. Although the resulting sensors and actuators showed the outstanding performance with high flexibility, the factors should be considered further such as multifunctionality, wide detection range, linear sensitivity, self-powered system, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. For example, the integration of responsive polymers that respond to different stimuli or transition points gives advantages in terms of the multifunctionality and the wide detection range to sensors or actuators. The linear sensitivity is also helpful to minimize the device size by removing additional steps of data processing and reducing the energy consumption. In addition, reusable sensors and actuators can be achieved using fully reversible responsive polymers or 2-way SMPs, which leads the cost reduction. The miniaturization of devices has an advantage in wearable systems, hence, the energy-harvesting technology can be applied to the self-powered sensors for the operation without external power sources. Furthermore, the use of biocompatible or biodegradable responsive polymers makes wearable and even implantable sensors, which is the essential characteristic for the applications to biomedical sensors and prosthetics.
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