유럽연합의 테러 행위 규제 관련 법제와 쟁점
- ‘SWIFT- ⳓ 협정’ 을 중심으로 -
Ⳓᕽᨙ
֥ ၙǎᨱᕽ᮹ . ▭్ ᔍÕ ᯕ⬥ ᱥ ᖙ ĥ۵ ▭్᪡᮹ ᱥᰢᨱ ↽ᖁᮥ ݅⦹Ł ᯩ݅.
)✚
⯩ ▭్ᨱ ݡ⦽ ɝᅙᱢᯙ ᨖᦶŝ ᱽᰍෝ ᭥⦹ᩍ
▭్ ⪽࠺ᨱ ᔍᬊࡹ۵ ᯱɩᨱ ݡ⦽ ☖ᱽᨱ ᵝᦩ ᱱᮥ ࢱŁ ᯩ۵ äᯕ ᵝ༊⧁ อ⦽ ᔍ⧎ᯕŁ ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅. đǎ ᯱɩᯕ ▭్ šಉ ⪽࠺ᨱ aᰆ ⦥ ᙹᱢᮝಽ Ǎࡹ۵ äᯕʑ ভྙᯕ݅.
)ᯕᨱ
⩥ᰍ ▭్ Ƚᱽ᪡ šಉ⦹ᩍᕽ۵ ▭్ ⪽࠺ᨱ ᔍᬊࢁ ᙹ ᯩ۵ ᯱɩ᮹ ᯕᱥᯕӹ ᯱɩ᮹ ⪽ᬊᨱ ݡ⦽ Ƚᱽᨱ ᵝᦩᱱᮥ ࢱŁ ᯩ۵ äᯕ ᔍᝅᯕ݅.
ၙǎ ᩎ ▭్᮹ ᭥⩲ᨱ ݡ⦹ʑ ᭥⦹ᩍ ▭్
⪽࠺ᨱ ᔍᬊࢁ ᙹ ᯩ۵ ᯱɩᮥ šญ⦹ʑ ᭥⦽ ᩍ
్ aḡ ᳑⊹ෝ vǍ⦹Ł ᯩᮝ໑, ᮁᩑ⧊ ᩎ
▭్ᨱ ݡ⦽ Ƚᱽ᮹ ⦥ᖒᨱᕽ ݅᧲⦽ ᳑⊹ෝ
ࠥ⦹Ł ᯩ݅. ə ᵲ aᰆ ť༊⧁ อ⦽ ᖒŝ۵
「ɩᮖ ▭్᮹ ⇵ᱢᮥ ᭥⦹ᩍ ᮁŖ࠺ℕ ⫭ᬱǎ }ᯙ᮹ ᮡ⧪ Ñ௹ ߑᯕ░ෝ ၙǎ ݚǎᨱ ᯕᱥ⧁
äᮥ ༊ᱢᮝಽ ⦹۵ ᮁŖ࠺ℕ᪡ ၙǎ e᮹ ⩲ ᱶ(Agreement between the EU and the USA on the processing and transfer of financial messag- ing data from the EU to the USA for purposes of the Terrorist Finance Tracking Program, ᯝ
SWIFT ⩲ᱶ)」ᯕ݅. ၙǎŝ ᮁᩑ⧊᮹ ǎᱽ⩲
ᱶᮝಽᕽ, ᯕ۵ ⩥ᰍ ᮁᩑ⧊ ԕᨱᕽ ⬉ಆᮥ ၽ
⦹Ł ᯩ۵ ᔢ┽ᯕ݅. ၙǎ᮹ ᵝࠥಽ ℕđࡽ ⩲ᱶ ᯕḡอ ᮁᩑ⧊ ᩎ ə᮹ ℕđŝᱶᨱ ᔢݚ ᱶ
ࠥ᮹ ᩢ⨆ಆᮥ ⧪ᔍ⦹ᩡ݅. əߑ ݚ⧕ ⩲ᱶᮡ
ᯱɩšญෝ ᭥⦹ᩍ ߑᯕ░᮹ ᯕᱥŝ ᅕᮁ ǭ⦽
ᮥ šಉ ݚǎᨱí ᇡᩍ⦽݅۵ ᱱᨱᕽ }ᯙ᮹ ᵝ
⦽ ǭญ(ʑᅙǭ)ᯙ ᔍᔾ⪽᮹ ᯱᮁ(right to pri-
) ✚⯩ ᯕ۵ ǎᱽᩑ⧊ᮥ ᵲᝍᮝಽ ᯕᨕḡŁ ᯩ݅. ᩩෝ ॅᨕ ▭్ญ᷹ ᯱɩ ḥᦶᮥ ᭥⦽ ֥ UN ǎᱽ⩲ᱶŝ UN ᦩ ᱥᅕᰆᯕᔍ⫭ đ᮹ ŝ zᮡ ▭్ญᜅ✙ॅ᮹ ᰍᱶ ႊḡ᪡ ᨖᦶᮥ ᭥⦽ ᙹฯᮡ ǎᱽᩑ⧊ đ᮹ ॒ᯕ əäᯕ݅.
) ᔍᝅ ǎᱽŖ࠺ℕ᪡ ǎa ݚǎᮡ ྕᨨᅕ݅ ᯱɩᯕ ▭్ญ᷹᮹ ᔾᖁ(lifeblood)ᯕ۵ ᔍᝅᮥ ᯙ⦹Ł ᯩ݅. Official Journal of the European Union (/C /), at. .
vacy)᪡ Ḣᱲᱢᯙ ∊࠭ ᔢ⫊ᮥ ʑ⦹Ł ᯩ݅. ᮁ
ᩑ⧊ ᩎ ᯱℕᱢᮝಽ ᩍ్ ჶȽჵᮥ ☖⦹ᩍ ᔍᔾ⪽᮹ ᯱᮁෝ ᅕᰆ⦹Ł ᯩʑ ভྙᨱ ݚ⧕ ᔢ
⫊ᨱ Ḣ໕⧁ ᙹၷᨱ ᨧ݅. ᯕᨱ ᅙ םŁᨱᕽ۵
ᮁᩑ⧊ᯕ ᨕਁ⦽ Ǎℕᱢᯙ יಆᮥ ☖⦹ᩍ ݚ
⧕ ᔢ⫊ᮥ ɚᅖ⦹ᩡ۵ḡ ᦥᅕŁ, ݚ⧕ ⩲ᱶ᮹ ԕᬊᮥ ☖⦹ᩍ ⩥ᰍ ᯕᨕḡŁ ᯩ۵ ▭్ Ƚᱽ
᳑⊹᮹ ✚Ḷᮥ e❭⦹ಅŁ ⦽݅. ᬑญӹ ᩎ
▭్᮹ Ŗ⡍ಽᇡ░ ᯱᮁḡ ᦫ݅. ᯕᨱ Ḣ ᱲᱢᯙ ▭్ Ƚᱽෝ ᭥⦹ᩍ ༙⚍ áᔪʑෝ
᯦ࠥ⻰a࠺⦹Ł ᯩ݅.
)✚⯩ ༙⚍ áᔪʑෝ
֥ ᬵ ᵲᙽ ၙǎŝ ᩢǎ᮹ ᨦℕಽᇡ░ ᙹ
᯦, ᯙŖ⧎ŝ ʡ⡍, ʡ⧕, ᱽᵝ Ŗ⧎ ॒ ǎᱽᖁ
ᮥ ᬕ⧎⦹Ł ᯩ۵ } Ŗ⧎ᨱ ᖅ⊹⦹ᩍ ᅙĊ a
࠺⦹Ł ᯩ݅. ᯕ ᩎ ᔍᔾ⪽ᮥ ⋉⧕⦽݅۵ እӽ ᨱ Ḣ໕⧕ ᯩᮭᮡ ྜྷುᯕ݅. SWIFT ⩲ᱶ᮹ ⧪
ŝ šಉ⦽ ᮁᩑ⧊ ԕ ם᮹۵ ᬑญᨱíࠥ ᔍ
⦹۵ ၵa ᱢḡ ᦫᮥ äᯕ݅.
ⳓ48*'5⩲ᱶℕđĞŝ
ᵝḡ⦹݅⦝ ▭్ Ƚᱽෝ ᭥⦽ ᅙĊᱢᯙ ᬡ Ḣᯥᮡ ၙǎᨱᕽ᮹ . ▭్ಽ ᅙĊ⪵ࡹí ࡽ
݅. ᯕᨱ ᯱᩑᜅí ၙǎᯕ ▭్ Ƚᱽෝ
᭥⦽ ᖁᅪᨱ ᕽí ࡹᨩ݅. ၙǎᮡ ▭్ ᨖᱽ᪡
Ƚᱽෝ ᭥⦽ ᩍ్ aḡ ᳑⊹ෝ vǍ⦹ḡอ ▭
్ ᯱɩ᮹ Ƚᱽa ྕᨨᅕ݅ ᵲ⦹݅۵ ᯙ ⦹ ᨱ ᬑᖁᱢᮝಽ the Terrorist Finance Tracking Program(TFTP)ᮥ ၙ ᰍྕᇡ ᵝࠥ⦹ᨱ }ၽ⦹í
ࡽ݅.
)ᯕ۵ ᰍᱶ šಉ ᕽእᜅ ᱽŖᯱ᮹ ߑᯕ░
ᄁᯕᜅᨱ ᱲɝ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ۵ ᗭ⪹ᰆ
)ᮥ ၽᇡ⧁ ᙹ
ᯩࠥಾ ⦹۵ ⥥ಽəఉᮝಽ,
)ᯕ⬥ Ŗ}ࡹᯱ ၙ ǎŝ ᮁᩑ⧊, ӹᦥa ᮁᩑ⧊ ⫭ᬱǎॅ eᨱ ʕᰆᮥ ʑ⦹ᩡ݅. ᯕ⬥ ᮁᩑ⧊ŝ᮹ ⩲ᔢᮥ
☖⦹ᩍ ֥ ᬵ ᯝ ℌ ჩṙ ┡⩲ᱱᮥ í
ࡽ݅. əญŁ ᯕ⬥ ֥ᨱ ℌ ჩṙ SWIFT ⩲ ᱶ
)ᯕ ℕđࡹʑᨱ ᯕෙ݅.
)⦹ḡอ ݚ⧕ ℌ ჩṙ
) ..ᯱ ǎၝᯝᅕ. əߑ ⦽ǎŖ⧎Ŗᔍ۵ ༙⚍ áᔪʑෝ “ᱥᝁáᔪᰆእ”ಽ ᙽ⪵⦹ᩍ ⦹ࠥಾ ℎ⦹Ł ᯩʑ
ࠥ ⦹݅. http://www.airport.co.kr/board/index.jsp?boardId=&module=view&id=&category=&searchKey=&se archValue=&pageNum=.
) ݚ⧕ ⥥ಽəఉᯕ ᗭ᭥ “SWIFT Program”ᮝಽ ಅᲙ ᯩ۵ äᯕ݅. Patrick Connorton, Tracking Terrorist Finance through SWIFT: When U.S. Subpoenas and Foreign Privacy Law Collide, FORDHAM L. REV. ().
) ᯕ۵ ᔍჶᇡ᮹ ᔍᱥ ᝍᔍ ᨧᯕ ⧪ᱶᇡa ၽᇡ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ۵ ᗭ⪹ᰆ(administrative subpoena)ᮝಽ ᙹᱶ⨭ჶ ᱽ᳑ ᭥ၹᯕ
۵ ᵝᰆŝ ⧪ᱶᇡa ᮁ⬉⦽ ᳑ᔍෝ ᙹ⧪⦹ʑ ᭥⦽ ⦥ᙹᱢᯙ ࠥǍ۵ ᵝᰆᯕ ݡพ⦹Ł ᯩ݅.
) Patrick Connorton, “Tracking Terrorist Finance through SWIFT: When U.S. Subpoenas and Foreign Privacy Law Col- lide,” FORDHAM L. REV. , ().
) SWIFT۵ 「Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication」᮹ ᧞ᯱᯕ݅.
) Agreement between the European Union and the United States of America on the processing and transfer of Financial Messaging Data from the European Union to the United States for purposes of the Terrorist Finance Tracking Pro- gram, O.J. (L ) .
SWIFT ⩲ᱶᮡ ᮁ᮹⫭(European Parliament) ᮹ ᯙᮥ ḡ ༜⦽݅.
)ᮁ᮹⫭۵ ⩲ᱶ ℕđ ᔢ᮹ ྙᱽᱱᐱอ ᦥܩ
)ߑᯕ░ ᅕ⪙᪡ ߑᯕ
░ ᦩᅕ ⊂໕ᨱᕽࠥ ⩲ᱶᨱ ݡ⦽ እӽ᮹ ᙹ᭥ෝ
׳ᩡᨩ݅. ݚ⧕ ⩲ᱶᨱ ݡ⦽ ᬒ ḥḡ⦽ እӽ
ᮡ ญᜅᅙ ᳑᧞ ၽ⬉ ⦹ ᱥᨱ ⩲ᱶᨱ ݡ⦽ ᯕ ᔍ⫭᮹ ᯙᯕ ᯕᨕᲭ݅۵ äᨱ Ḳᵲࡹᨩ݅.
᪽Ա⦹໕ ญᜅᅙ ᳑᧞ᮡ ݚ⧕ ⩲ᱶŝ zᮡ ᔍᦩ ᮹ Ğᬑ ᮁ᮹⫭᮹ ࠺᮹ෝ Ǎ⦹Ł ᯩʑ ভྙ
ᯕ݅.
)⦹ḡอ ᮁ᮹⫭۵ ݚ⧕ ⩲ᱶᨱ ݡ⦽ ⢽
đᮥ ᝅ⦹í ࡹᨩŁ, ݚ⧕ ⩲ᱶ᮹ እᵡᮥ
⢽᮹ ₍ᖒŝ ⢽᮹ ၹݡಽ(⢽ ʑǭ) Ñᇡ⦹
ᩡ݅. ྜྷು ᯕ۵ ญᜅᅙ ᳑᧞⦹ᨱᕽ᮹ ᮁ᮹⫭
᮹ ᯱᝁq᮹ ၽಽŁ ᅝ ᙹ ᯩ۵ ᩍḡa ᨧḡ۵
ᦫāḡอ
)ၝᵝᵝ᮹ ᯕֱ᮹ ᙹ⪙ᯱෝ ᯱ⦹۵
ᮁᩑ⧊ᮝಽᕽ۵ ᯕ᪡ zᮡ ᮁ᮹⫭᮹ ❱݉
ᮥ ྕ⧁ ᙹ۵ ᨧᨩ݅. ᯕᨱ ݚ⧕ ⩲ᱶ᮹
⬉ಆᮡ ᮁᩩࡹí ࡽ݅.
)ᯕ᪡ zᮡ ᝅ➉ෝ ᅙ ᮁᩑ⧊ŝ ၙǎᮡ ᮁ
ᩑ⧊᮹ ݚ⧕ ⩲ᱶ ℕđᮥ ᭥⦽ ၙǎ᮹ ǭ⦽ ᯩ ۵ ʑšŝ ⩲ᔢᮥ ᙹ⧪⧁ ᙹ ᯩ۵ ᵝ⦽ ǭ⦽
ᮥ ᭥ᬱ⫭ᨱ ᇡᩍ⦹í ࡽ݅.
)ᬵ ᵲᙽᨱ ⩲ᔢ ᯕ ᳦đࡹᨩᮥ ভ, ֥ ᬵ ᯝᨱ ᯕᔍ⫭ đ ᱶ Ⅹᦩᯕ Ⅹʑ ᯦ჶྙᕽಽ ᱽࡹᨩŁ
)ᯝ ⬥ ᨱ ݚ⧕ ⩲ᱶᮡ ᕽࡹŁ ᬵ ᯝᨱ ᮁ᮹⫭ᨱ ᮹⦹ᩍ እᵡࡹᨕ
)ᬵ ᯝᨱ ၽ⬉ࡹᨩ݅.
) ྜྷು ݚ ݚ⧕ ⩲ᱶ᮹ ℕđ ŝᱶᨱᕽ ᮁ᮹⫭᮹ ᯙᯕ ⦥ᙹᱢᮝಽ Ǎࡹ۵ äᮡ ᦥܩᨩ݅. ܩᜅ ᳑᧞ᨱ ᮹⦹໕ ə᪡
zᮡ ⩲ᱶ᮹ Ğᬑᨱ۵ ℕđᮥ ᭥⦹ᩍ ᯕᔍ⫭(Council)᮹ ᯙᯕ Ǎࡹᨩḡ ᮁ᮹⫭᮹ እᵡᮡ Ǎࡹḡ ᦫᦹʑ ভྙᯕ
݅. Valentin Pfisterer, “The Second SWIFT Agreement Between the European Union and the United States of America - An Overview,” German Law Journal ().
) EUR. PARL. DOC. ().
) ญᜅᅙ ᳑᧞ ᱽ᳑ ᱽ⧎.
) Valentin Pfisterer, “The Second SWIFT Agreement Between the European Union and the United States of America - An Overview,” German Law Journal ().
) ᯕᨱ ᮁ᮹⫭ᨱ ᮹⦹ᩍ Ñᇡࡽ SWIFT ⩲ᱶᮡ 「The SWIFT-ⳑ ⩲ᱶ」, ᯕ⬥ ᰍ⩲ᔢᮥ ☖⦹ᩍ ℕđࡽ ⩲ᱶᮡ 「The SWIFT-Ⳓ ⩲ᱶ」ᮝಽ ࡹŁ ᯩ݅.
) Council Decision on the conclusion of the Agreement between the European Union and the United States of America on the processing and transfer of Financial Messaging Data from the European Union to the United States for the purposes of the Terrorist Finance Tracking Program, O.J. (L ) , Preamble paragraph .
) (Draft) Council Decision on the conclusion of the Agreement between the European Union and the United States of America on the processing and transfer of Financial Messaging Data from the European Union to the United States for the purposes of the Terrorist Finance Tracking Program. ᯕ۵ ݅ᮭ᮹ ᔍᯕ✙ᨱᕽ áᔪᯕ a܆⦹݅. http://register.
consilium.europa.eu/pdf/en//st/st.en.pdf.
) European Parliament legislative resolution of July on the draft Council decision on the conclusion of the Agree- ment between the European Union and the United States of America on the processing and transfer of Financial Messaging Data from the European Union to the United States for the purposes of the Terrorist Finance Tracking Program, EUR. PARL. DOC. (). http://www.europarl.europa.eu ₙ᳑.
Ⳕ48*'5⩲ᱶ᮹ᵝԕᬊᇥᕾ
ᦿᕽ ᔕ⠕ᅙ ၵ᪡ zᯕ ᮁᩑ⧊ŝ ၙǎ e
SWIFT ⩲ᱶᮡ ၙǎ᮹ TFTP ⥥ಽəఉᮥ Ǎℕ
⪵⦹ʑ ᭥⦽ ⩲ᱶᯕ݅. ᕽ SWIFT ⩲ᱶ᮹ ԕ ᬊᨱ ݡ⦽ Łₑᮥ ᭥⧕ᕽ۵ ᬑᖁ TFTP ⩲ᱶᨱ ݡ⦽ eఖ⦽ ᩑǍa ᖁ⧪ࡹᨕ ⦽݅.
1. TFTP 프로그램의 주요 내용
. ▭్ ᯕ⬥ Bush ݡ☖ಚᮡ ǎᱽᩑ⧊ ᦩᱥ ᅕᰆᯕᔍ⫭᮹ đ᮹ෝ ᯙᬊ⦹໑ ⧪ᱶಚ
ෝ ၽ⦹í ࡽ݅. ݚ⧕ ಚᮡ ✚⯩ ▭్ญ᷹ᨱ ݡ⦹ᩍ ⡎ಆᱢ ⧪᭥ ⪚ᮡ ᯙe᮹ ᔾŝ ᰍᔑ ə ญŁ ᔍ⫭᮹ ʑၹ ᖅᨱ ᭥⨹⦽ ⧪᭥Ł ᱶ᮹ ԕญŁ ᯩᮝ໑, ӹᦥa ݚ⧕ ⧪᭥۵ ၝᨱ ݡ
⦽ ᭥⩲ŝ ⩲ၶ, ᭥⩲ŝ ⩲ၶᮥ ☖⦽ Ğₑᨱ ݡ
⦽ ᩢ⨆ಆ ⧪ᔍ, ӹᦥa ݡప ❭ƕ, ᦵᔕ, Ԋ⊹ ⪚
ᮡ ᯙḩ⡍⫮ᨱ ᮹⦹ᩍ ᱶᇡ᮹ ⧪᭥ᨱ ᩢ⨆ᮥ ӝ
⊹ಅŁ ᮹ࠥࡽ ⧪᭥Ł ᱶ᮹ ԕญŁ ᯩ݅. ✚
⯩ ݚ⧕ ಚᮡ ▭్ ᨖᱽෝ ᭥⦹ᩍ ⦹ᇡ ʑšᨱ ݡ⦹ᩍ ᔢݚ⦽ ᰍపᮥ ᇡᩍ⦹ᩡᮝ໑,
)ᯕ᮹ ᯝ
⪹ᮝಽ TFTP ⥥ಽəఉ ᩎ }ၽࡹí ࡽ äᯕ
݅. ✚⯩ ݚ⧕ ⥥ಽəఉᮡ Ƚᱶᔢ ಚ(statutory mandate)ŝ ⧪ᱶಚ(Executive Orders)ᨱ ʑၹ
⦹Ł ᯩ۵ ⥥ಽəఉᮝಽᕽ,
)ݚ⧕ ⥥ಽəఉ᮹
༊ᱢᮡ ▭్ ⪽࠺ᮥ ḡᬱ⦹۵ ༊ᱢᮥ aḥ ᯱ ɩ᮹ ⮱ŝ šಉ⦽ ߑᯕ░ෝ ᙹḲ⦹Ł ᇥᕾ⦹
໑, ə᪡ zᮡ ᯱɩ᮹ Ñ௹ෝ ࠥ┽┕ᮝಽ៉ ၙ ǎ ݚǎᮝಽ ⦹ᩍɩ ᰁᰍᱢ ▭్ญᜅ✙ॅŝ ə
ॅ᮹ ḡᬱᯱॅᮥ ᔪ⇽⦹Ł ⇵ᱢ⦹í ⦹۵ äᯕ ᨩ݅. ᯕᨱ ၙǎ ԕᨱᕽ ⪽࠺⦹Ł Ñᵝ⦹
۵ ɩᮖ šಉ ᕽእᜅ ᱽŖᯱॅᮡ ᗭ⪹ᰆ(admin- istrative subpoena)ᮥ ☖⦹ᩍ ၙǎ ᰍྕᇡᨱí š ಉ ᱶᅕෝ ᱽŖ⦹۵ ᮹ྕෝ ᇡݕ⧁ ᙹ ᯩᨩ݅. ✚
⯩ ݚ⧕ ⥥ಽəఉ᮹ ʑၹᮥ ᯕŁ ᯩ۵ ʑᅙᬱ
⊺ᮡ ǎᱢŝ ᵝÑḡ᪡ ྕš⦹í ⥥ಽəఉᮥ ᱢ ᬊࡹࠥಾ ⦹۵ äᯕ ᔍᝅᯕᨩḡอ ▭్᪡ šಉ ᨧ۵ ⧪᭥۵ ᇩჶᱢᯙ(unlawful) ⧪᭥Ł ⦹
ࠥ ᳑ᔍ ݡᔢᮝಽ ᖅᱶ⦹Ł ᯩḡ ᦫᦹᮝ໑, ၹ
▭్⧪᭥ෝ ᭥⦽ ༊ᱢᮥ aḡŁ ᯩࠥ ▭్
ญ᷹ ⪚ᮡ ᯕෝ ᭥⦽ ᰍᱶŝ šಉࡹᨕ ᯩḡ ᦫᮡ
ᔍᔾ⪽ᨱ ݡ⧕ᕽ۵ ᬱ⊺ᱢᮝಽ ᳑ᔍ⧁ ᙹ ᨧࠥ
ಾ ⦹ᩡ݅.
)ӹᦥa ⨩aࡹḡ ᦫᮡ ᱶᅕෝ ญ
⦹۵ Ğᬑᨱ۵ ၝᔍᔢ⻰⩶ᔍᔢ ჭᮥ a⧁ ᙹ
ᯩࠥಾ ⦹ᩡ݅.
2. SWIFT 협정의 주요 내용
SWIFT ⩲ᱶᮡ ᮁᩑ⧊ŝ ၙǎ e ℕđࡽ ǎ
) Official Journal of the European Union (/C /), at. .
) U.S. Treasury Department, TFTP Fact Sheet. ݚ⧕ ԕᬊᮡ ݅ᮭ᮹ ᔍᯕ✙ᨱᕽ áᔪ a܆⦹݅. http://www.ustreas.gov/
offices/enforcement/tftp.shtml (↽᳦ ႊྙ ..).
) Official Journal of the European Union (/C /), at. .
ᱽ⩲ᱶ(international agreement)ᮝಽ ၽ⬉ ᯕ⬥
ᮁᩑ⧊ŝ ᩑ⧊᮹ ⫭ᬱǎॅᨱ ݡ⦹ᩍ Ǎᗮಆ ᯕ ᯩ۵ äᮝಽ ᩍĉḡŁ ᯩ݅.
)ᬑᖁ ᯕ᮹ ༊ᱢ
ᮡ ǎᱽᱢᯙ ᙹᵡᨱᕽ᮹ ɩᮖ ḡᇩ ᱥݍ ᕽእᜅ ᱽŖᯱᨱ ᮹⦹ᩍ ᮁᩑ⧊᮹ ᩢᩎ ԕᨱᕽ ᅕš
ࡹ۵ ɩᮖḡᇩ᮹ ᱥݍŝ šಉ ߑᯕ░ෝ ▭్ญ
᷹ ⪚ᮡ ▭్ ᯱɩ᮹ ႊḡ, ᳑ᔍ, ᱢၽ əญŁ ʑ ᗭෝ ᭥⦹ᩍ ၙǎ ᰍྕᇡa Ǎෝ ⦹۵ Ğᬑ ə
ෝ ⪽ᬊ a܆⦹ࠥಾ ⦹۵ äŝ TETPෝ ☖⦹ᩍ
⪶ᅕࡽ šಉ ᱶᅕෝ ▭్ญ᷹ ⪚ᮡ ▭్ ᯱɩ᮹
ႊḡ, ᳑ᔍ, ᱢၽ əญŁ ʑᗭෝ ᭥⦹ᩍ ჶḲ⧪ʑ Ǎ, ŖŖ᮹ ᦩᅕʑǍ, ⫭ᬱǎ᮹ ݡ᮲ʑǍ, ᮁಽ⡕
(Europol) ⪚ᮡ ᮁಽ ᱡᜅ✙(Eurojust) ॒ᯕ ⪽ᬊ a܆⦹ࠥಾ ⦹۵ äᯕ݅.
)əญŁ ə ݡᔢᮥ ⦽ ᱶ⦹Ł ᯩ۵ߑ, ⡎ಆᨱ šᩍ⦹Ł ᯩÑӹ ᯙǭᨱ ݡ⧕ ᭥⩲ᱢᯕŁ ᰍᔑᯕӹ ᔍ⫭ʑၹᖅᨱ ᭥
⨹ ⪚ᮡ ⦝⧕ෝ ʑ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ۵ }ᯙᯕӹ ᝅℕ᮹
⧪᭥ᨱ ݡ⦽ ႊḡ, ᳑ᔍ, ᱢၽ ⪚ᮡ ʑᗭෝ ᭥⦹
ᩍ ɩᮖḡᇩ ᱶᅕ᪡ šಉ ߑᯕ░᮹ ≉ाŝ ᔍᬊ ᨱ ݡ⦹ᩍ ݚ⧕ ⩲ᱶᯕ ᱢᬊࡹࠥಾ ᩩᱶ⦹Ł ᯩ ʑ ভྙᯕ݅. ✚⯩ ݚ⧕ ⧪᭥ॅᮡ ᅙḩᱢᮝಽ ə ญŁ ᱥ⬥ᔍᱶ⦹ᨱᕽ ᯝၹ ၝॅᮥ ᭥⩲⻰⩲
ၶ⦹Ñӹ ᱶᇡӹ ǎᱽʑǍෝ ⩲ၶ⻰᭥⩲⦹ᩍ əॅಽ ⦹ᩍɩ ⧪᭥ෝ ⦹Ñӹ ⦹ḡ ᦫí ⦹۵
⧪᭥ ⪚ᮡ ᯝ ǎa ੱ۵ ǎᱽʑǍ᮹ ᱶ⊹ᱢ⻰⨭
ჶᱢ⻰Ğᱽᱢ ⪚ᮡ ᔍ⫭ᱢ ʑၹᮥ ᝍb⦹í ᇩ ᦩᱶ⦹í ⦹Ñӹ ❭ƕ⦹۵ ⧪᭥ᯕᨕ ⦽݅. ᐱ อ ᦥܩ ᭥ᨱᕽ ᱽʑ⦽ ⧪᭥ॅᮥ ᬱ᳑⻰ḡᬱ
⦹Ñӹ əᨱ ݡ⦹ᩍ ᰍᱶᱢ⻰ྜྷḩᱢ ⪚ᮡ ʑᚁ ᱢ ḡᬱᮥ ⦹۵ ᯱ ੱ۵ ᭥᮹ ⧪᭥ᨱ ݡ⦽ ᰍᱶ ᱢ⻰ᩍ┡᮹ ⠙᮹ෝ ᱽŖ⦹۵ ᯱᨱí ᱢᬊࡹࠥ
ಾ ⦹ᩡ݅. ӹᦥa ᭥ᨱᕽ ᱽࡽ ⧪᭥ॅᮥ ᙹ
⧪⧁ ༊ᱢᮝಽ ᔍᬊࢁ ᙹ ᯩ݅۵ ᯙ⦹ᨱ ⪚ᮡ
ᔍᬊࡹᨕ ⦽݅۵ ᮹ࠥෝ aḡŁ ᨕਁ⦽ ႊ
ᯕुḡ Ḣ⻰eᱲᱢᮝಽ ᯱɩᮥ ḡᬱ⦹Ñӹ ༉ ɩ⦹۵ ᯱ ⪚ᮡ ᝅℕᨱíࠥ ݚ⧕ ⩲ᱶᮡ ᱢᬊࡽ
݅. əญŁ ᭥ᨱᕽ ᱽ⦽ ⧪᭥ॅᮥ ᬱ᳑⦹Ñӹ Ʊᔍ⦹Ñӹ ࠥ⦹۵ ᯱ ⪚ᮡ ᝅℕᨱíࠥ ݚ⧕
⩲ᱶᮡ ᱢᬊࡹࠥಾ ⦹ᩡ݅. ⦹ḡอ ᩑಡ ⠪aෝ
☖⦹ᩍ ᙹḲ⦽ ᱶᅕa ᯕᔢ ▭్ ᨖᱽෝ ᭥⦹
ᩍ ྕᬊ⧉ᯕ ၾ⩡ḥ Ğᬑ ᷪbᱢᮝಽ ⠱ʑ⦹ࠥ
ಾ ⦹ᩡ݅.
)⩲ᱶᨱᕽ aᰆ ٩ᨱ ۵ äᮡ ᮁᩑ⧊ŝ ၙ ǎ e ᔢ⪙ ᱥݍ ℕĥෝ ⪶พ⦹Ł ᯩ݅۵ äᯕ݅.
ݚ⧕ ⩲ᱶᨱ ໕ ḡᱶࡽ ᱶᅕ ᱽŖᯱᨱí ၙ ǎᮡ ᮁᩑ⧊ᯕӹ ᮁᩑ⧊᮹ ⫭ᬱǎᮥ ☖⦹
ḡ ᦫŁ, ݅ ั⧕ ᬑ⫭ᱢᯙ ᱩ₉ෝ Ñ⊹ḡ ᦫ Ł Ḣᱲ ᱲɝ⧁ ᙹ ᯩᮝ໑,
)ᯕෝ ᭥⦹ᩍ šಉ
) ญᜅᅙ ᳑᧞ ᱽ᳑ ᱽ⧎ᨱ۵ “ᩑ⧊ᯕ ℕđ⦽ ⩲ᱶᮡ ᩑ⧊᮹ ʑš ၰ ⫭ᬱǎᮥ Ǎᗮ⦽݅”Ł Ƚᱶ⦹Ł ᯩʑ ভྙᯕ
݅. ⦹ḡอ ญᜅᅙ ᳑᧞᮹ ᮹ᱶᕽᨱ ݚᇥe ݚ⧕ ⩲ᱶᮡ ߕษⓍ᪡ ᦥᯝऽ ԕᨱᕽ۵ ⬉ಆᯕ ᨧ݅.
) SWIFT-Ⳓ ⩲ᱶ ᱽ᳑. ྜྷು ݚ⧕ ᔍ⧎ᯕ ⩲ᱶ᮹ ᵝ⦽ ༊ᱢᯕḡอ ᔍᔾ⪽ᨱ ݡ⦽ ∊ᇥ⦽ ᳕ᵲŝ }ᯙ᮹ ߑᯕ░ᨱ ݡ⦽
ᅕ⪙ෝ ⪶ᯙ⦹Ł ᯩ݅.
) SWIFT-Ⳓ ⩲ᱶ ᱽ᳑ ᱽ⧎.
) SWIFT-Ⳓ ⩲ᱶ ᱽ᳑ ᱽ⧎. ᮁᩑ⧊ ᩎ ၙǎᨱ ݡ⦹ᩍ ᱶᅕෝ Ǎ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ۵ ᱩ₉ෝ ⪶ᅕ⦹Ł ᯩ݅. SWIFT Ⳓ ⩲ ᱶ ᱽ᳑.
ᱩ₉ Õᮥ ∊᳒⦽ ᱶᅕᨱ ݡ⦽ Ǎ۵ ၙǎᐱ อ ᦥܩ ᮁᩑ⧊ ԕᨱᕽࠥ ၙǎჶᨱ Ƚᱶࡽ
ݡಽ Ǎᗮᱢᯙ ჶᱢ ⬉ಆᮥ aḡí ࡽ݅.
)đǎ
SWIFT-Ⳓ ᱽ᳑ ᱽ⧎᮹ Ƚᱶᮡ ᮁᩑ⧊ ԕ
ᩢᩎᨱᕽ ၙǎჶᨱ ݡ⦹ᩍ ᪥ᱥ⦽ ჶᱢ ⬉ಆᮥ
ᇡᩍ⦹í ࡹ۵ äᯕ݅. ᕽ ࠺ ⩲ᱶᮡ ə Ƚ ᮉ ᱶࠥ᪡ ჵ᭥a SWIFT-ⳑ⩲ᱶᅕ݅ ⪶ݡ⻰v
⪵ࡹᨩ݅۵ ⠪aෝ ၼŁ ᯩ݅.
əญŁ SWIFT-Ⳓ ⩲ᱶ ᱽ᳑ ᱽ⧎ᨱ ḡ ᱶࡽ ᕽእᜅ ᱽŖᯱ۵ ၙ ᰍྕᇡ Ǎ᮹ ᙹಚᯙ ᨱí ၙǎჶ⦹ᨱᕽ ᮁ⬉⦽ ⧪ᱶᱢ ⪚ᮡ ᔍჶᱢ Ǎᱽᙹ݉ᮥ ⪽ᬊ⧁ ᙹ ᯩࠥಾ ⦹ᩡ݅.
)ੱ⦽, ࠺
SWIFT ⩲ᱶᮡ ၽ⬉ᯝಽᇡ░ ֥e ⧪ࡹ໑,
⩲ᱶ ݚᔍᯱ ⦽ ⊂᮹ ☖Łᨱ ᮹⦹ᩍ ᳦ഭࢁ ᙹ
ᯩࠥಾ ⦹ᩡᮝӹ ⩲ᱶᯕ ᳦ഭࡹࠥ ၙǎ ݚ
ǎᨱ ᯕᱥࡽ ༉ु ɩᮖ ߑᯕ░۵ ၙǎ ݚǎ᮹ š
⧁ᨱ ᗮ⦹໑, ⧕ݚ ߑᯕ░۵ ֥ ࠺ᦩ ၙǎ ݚǎ ᨱ ᮹⦹ᩍ ᅕšࡹࠥಾ ᩩᱶࡹᨕ ᯩ݅.
3. 프라이버시 권리와의 상충 문제
SWIFT ⩲ᱶ᮹ ⧪ŝ šಉ⦹ᩍ aᰆ ℉ᩩ⦹
í ݡพ⦹Ł ᯩ۵ ᔍ⧎ᮡ ݚ⧕ ⩲ᱶᮝಽ ัၙᦵ ᦥ }ᯙ᮹ ⥥ᯕქᨱ ݡ⦽ ᝍb⦽ ⋉⧕a ʑࢁ ᙹ ᯩ݅۵ äᯕ݅. ᝅᱽಽ ᱢḡ ᦫᮡ ᙹ᮹
ᮁ᮹ ᯙǭ݉ℕॅᮡ ݚ⧕ ⩲ᱶᯕ }ᯙ᮹ ⥥
ᯕქෝ ∊ᇥ⯩ ᅕ⪙⦹ḡ ༜⦹Ł ᯩ݅۵ ᯕᮁ
ಽ እӽ᮹ ᝎᯱ⡍⪵ෝ a⦹Ł ᯩʑࠥ ⦹݅.
)ݚ ᰆ ݚ⧕ ⩲ᱶ᮹ ၹݡᯱॅᯕ ݡพbᮥ ᖙᬑŁ እ ӽ⦹Ł ᯩ۵ ᔍ⧎ᮡ ݚ⧕ ⩲ᱶŝ əe }ᯙ᮹ ʑ
) ᯕ᪡ zᮡ ⩲ᱶᔢ ✚Ḷᮡ ᝍb⦽ ྙᱽෝ ʑ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅۵ እӽᨱ Ḣ໕⧕ ᯩʑࠥ ⦹݅. ə᪡ zᮡ ၙǎჶ᮹ ᯝႊᱢᯙ ᮁ
ᩑ⧊ ԕᨱᕽ᮹ ⬉ಆᮡ ၙǎŝ ᮁᩑ⧊, ӹᦥa ᩑ⧊ ⫭ᬱǎ e šĥᨱ ᯩᨕ ᝍb⦽ ᮹ྙॅŝ ᇩ⪶ᝅᖒᮥ ʑ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ ʑ ভྙᯕ݅. ✚⯩ ྙᱽࢁ ᙹ ᯩ۵ ᔍ⧎ᮡ }ᯙ᮹ ᔍᱢ Ǎᱽ᪡ šಉࡹᨕ ᯩ۵ äᯕ݅. SWIFT-Ⳓ ⩲ᱶ ᱽ᳑ ᱽ⧎ᨱ ෙ
šಉ ⧪ᱶᱢ⻰ᔍჶᱢ Ǎᱽ۵ ၙǎჶᨱ ᮹⦹ࠥಾ ࡹᨕ ᯩ۵ߑ ə౨݅໕ ᮁᩑ⧊ ԕ ၝॅ ᩎ ݡᇡᇥ᮹ ᔍÕ᮹ Ğᬑ ၙ ǎ ჶᬱᨱ ᗭෝ ᱽʑ⦹ᩍ ⦹۵ ྙᱽa ၽᔾ⧁ ᙹ ᯩʑ ভྙᯕ݅. Valentin Pfisterer, “The Second SWIFT Agreement Between the European Union and the United States of America - An Overview,” German Law Journal ().
ྜྷು ǎᱽ᪡ šಉ⦹ᩍ ၙǎᮡ ᮁᩑ⧊᮹ ၝ ᩎ ࠺॒⦹í ݡᬑෝ ⧁ äᯕ۵ ⠪aa ᨧ۵ äᮡ ᦥܩḡอ(Terrorist Finance Tracking Program - Redress Procedures for Seeking Access, Rectification, Erasure, or Blocking-, .. ݚ⧕
ྙ⨭ᮡ ݅ᮭ᮹ ᔍᯕ✙ᨱᕽ ⪶ᯙ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅. http://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/terrorist-illicit-finance/Terrorist- Finance-Tracking/Documents/Revised%Redress%Procedures%for%Web%Posting%(--).pdf), ݚ
⧕ ᔍ⧎ᮥ ⪶ᝁ⧁ ᙹ۵ ᨧ۵ äᯕ ᔍᝅᯕ݅.
) Valentin Pfisterer, “The Second SWIFT Agreement Between the European Union and the United States of America - An Overview,” German Law Journal ().
) ᯕ᮹ እӽᮡ ᵝಽ ᮁŖ࠺ℕa ၙǎ ݚǎ᮹ ɩᮖ ߑᯕ░ ᯕᱥ Ǎᨱ ݡ⦹ᩍ ᔍᱥᨱ ᔍჶᱢᮝಽ ❱݉⧁ ᙹ ᯩ۵ ǭ⦽ᯕ ᨧ݅۵ ᱱŝ SWIFT ⩲ᱶᯕ ๅᬑ ⡍ťᱢᮝಽ ▭్ญ᷹ᮥ Ƚᱶ⧉ᮝಽ៉ ԉᬊ᮹ ᬑಅa ׳݅۵ ᱱᨱ Ḳᵲࡹᨕ ᯩ݅. ᐱอ ᦥܩ ᮁᩑ⧊ ⫭ᬱǎ ǎၝᯕ ᯱᝁ᮹ ɩᮖ ߑᯕ░ ᯕᱥŝ šಉ⦹ᩍ ၙǎᨱᕽ ≉⧁ ᙹ ᯩ۵ ჶᱢ Ǎᱽᱩ₉a ᱽݡಽ ษ ಉࡹᨕ ᯩḡࠥ ᦫ݅۵ ᱱŝ ӹᦥa ⩥⧪ SWIFT ᱽࠥ۵ ၙǎ ݚǎ᮹ ߑᯕ░ ᳑ᔍෝ ✚ᱶ }ᯙ ੱ۵ ✚ᱶ Ñ௹ಽ ⦽ᱶ⧁
ᙹ ᨧ݅۵ ᱱ, ݅ ั⧕ ✚ᱶ ǎa ੱ۵ ᮡ⧪ᮝಽᇡ░᮹ ✚ᱶᯝᨱ ⧪⧕ḥ ༉ु Ñ௹ᨱ ݡ⦽ ߑᯕ░ෝ ᱥᘂ⧕ ⦽݅۵ ᱱ ᨱᕽ, ᇩ⦥⦽ }ᯙᱶᅕa ၙǎ ݚǎᨱ ᯕᱥࢁ ᙹ ᯩ݅۵ ᱱᨱ ݡ⦹ᩍࠥ ᱢḡ ᦫᮡ እӽᯕ ᱽʑࡹŁ ᯩ݅. ʡ⩥ᱶ, ᮁ
Ŗ࠺ℕ᪡ ၙǎ e᮹ SWIFT ⩲ᱶ ၽ⬉, ᯙ░֘ ჶᱽ࠺⨆ ᱽ⪙, ⻰໕.
ᅙǭ, ✚⯩ ᔍᔾ⪽᮹ ᅕᰆᨱ Ⓧí ʑᩍ⦹Ł ᯩ ۵ ᮁᩑ⧊ ₉ᬱ᮹ ჶȽჶᯕ ᔢ∊⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅۵ äᯕ݅.
⦹ḡอ SWIFT ⩲ᱶ᮹ ₉ᬱᨱᕽ ⥥ᯕქ
ᨱ ݡ⦽ Łಅa ᱥ⩡ ᨧ۵ äᮡ ᦥܩ݅. ⩲ᱶ ᱥ
ྙᨱᕽ۵ ᮁᩑ⧊᮹ ʑ܆ᨱ š⦽ ᳑᧞(ญᜅᅙ
᳑᧞) ᱽ᳑ᨱᕽ Ƚᱶ⦽ }ᯙᱢ ߑᯕ░᮹ ᯕᘂ ᨱ š⦽ ᔍᔾ⪽ ǭญ, እಡᖒ᮹ ᬱญ, ᔍᱢ əญ Ł a᳒᮹ ᔾ⪽᮹ ǭญ᪡ šಉ⦽ ⦥ᖒ, ᔍᔾ⪽
᳕ᵲ, ᮁᯙǭ⩲᧞ ᱽ᳑ ᱽ⧎ᔢ᮹ ᔍᱢ ߑᯕ
░᮹ ᅕ⪙, ᔍᱢ ߑᯕ░᮹ ᯱ࠺ᱢ ᯕᱥŝ šಉ⦽
}ᯙ᮹ ᅕ⪙ᨱ ݡ⦽ ᮁᯕᔍ⫭ ⩲ᱶ NO.
əญŁ ᮁᩑ⧊ ᯙǭ⨭ᰆᨱ ݡ⦽ Łಅෝ ᩩᱶ
⦹Ł ᯩʑ ভྙᯕ݅.
)ӹᦥa ߑᯕ░ ᙹḲŝ ᯕ ᱥ᮹ ⦥ᖒŝ እಡᖒ᮹ ᳑Õᯕ ᬒ ⪶⦹í v᳑ࡹŁ ᯩᮝ໑, ǎᱢŝ Ñᵝ ǎaᨱ ෙ እ
₉ᄥ᮹ ᬱ⊺ᯕ ᇡaᱢᯙ ᦩᱶᰆ⊹ಽᕽ ᯦ࠥࡹ
Ł ᯩʑࠥ ⦹݅.
)✚⯩ ᯕᨱ SWIFT ⩲ᱶ ᨱ۵ อᯝ ၙǎ ݚǎᯕ ࠺ ⩲ᱶ᮹ ჵ᭥ෝ չᨕ ᖁ ᳑ᔍ(ྕ᯲᭥ ᳑ᔍ ੱ۵ ⍕⥉░ ⦥░ย ॒)ෝ
⧁ Ğᬑ ᯕ్⦽ ᳑ᔍෝ ₉݉⧁ ǭ⦽ᯕ ᯩ۵ ᮁ
ᩑ⧊ qࠦš(independent overseers)ᯕ ᯥࡹࠥ
ಾ ⦹ᩡ݅.
)SWIFT-Ⳓ ⩲ᱶ ᱽ᳑ ᱽ⧎ᨱ
໕ ᯕ۵ ᱶʑᱢᯙ ༉ܩ░ยᮥ ᭥⦽ ᙹ݉ᯕ
Ł ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅.
⦹ḡอ SWIFT-Ⳓ ⩲ᱶᯕ ᮁᩑ⧊ ԕᨱᕽ ⬉ ಆᮥ aḡí ࢉᨱ aᰆ ᝍb⦹í ᱽʑࡹ۵
ྙᱽ۵ ࠺ ⩲ᱶᯕ ŝᩑ ᮁʑᅙǭ⨭ᰆᨱ Ǎ⩥
ࡽ ʑᅙǭŝ šಉ ᝅḩᱢᯙ Õŝ ᮁᩑ⧊ჶ ᔢ᮹ ᯝၹᬱ⊺ᮥ Ǎᖒ⦹Ł ᯩ۵ ᬱญॅᮥ ∊᳒
⦹Ł ᯩ۵ḡ ᩍᇡŁ ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅.
)ᯕ᪡ zᮡ
SWIFT ⩲ᱶŝ ᮁᩑ⧊ ԕ Ƚჵ᮹ ᔢ∊ ྙᱽ۵ ᝅᱽಽ ၽᔾ⦹ᩡ݅.
4. 유럽연합 내 SWIFT 협정의 도입과 연합 내 법규범과의 상충과 극복
ᝅᱽಽ SWIFT ⩲ᱶ᮹ ᮁᩑ⧊ ԕ ᯦ࠥᨱ ᯩ ᨕ ⥥ᯕქ ǭญ᪡᮹ ᔢ∊ ྙᱽ۵ SWIFT-ⳑ
⩲ᱶ᮹ ℕđ ŝᱶ ᵲᨱ Ǎℕ⪵ࡹᨩ݅. ᮁᩑ⧊
) SWIFT-Ⳓ Agreement, at para..
) SWIFT-Ⳓ Agreement ᱽ᳑ ᱽ, , , ⧎.
) SWIFT-Ⳓ ⩲ᱶ ᱽ᳑. ə్ӹ ᯕ్⦽ qࠦšᮡ ᔍჶʑšᯕ ᦥܩʑ ভྙᨱ ᔍᱥᨱ ŝࠥ⦽ ߑᯕ░ ᯕᱥᮥ ᱽ⦽⦹۵ ᩎ⧁
ᮥ ⦹ʑᨱ ᇩ∊ᇥ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅۵ ⠪aෝ ၼŁ ᯩ݅. ʡ⩥ᱶ, ᮁŖ࠺ℕ᪡ ၙǎ e᮹ SWIFT ⩲ᱶ ၽ⬉, ᯙ░֘ ჶᱽ࠺⨆ ᱽ
⪙, ໕.
) ᯕ᪡ zᮡ ྙᱽ۵ ⫭ᬱǎ ₉ᬱᨱᕽࠥ ၽᔾ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅. SWIFT-Ⳓ ⩲ᱶᮡ ᮁᩑ⧊ჶŝ ∊࠭⧁ ᙹ ᯩḡอ ⫭ᬱǎჶŝࠥ ∊
࠭⧁ ᙹ ᯩ۵ a܆ᖒ ᩎ ษुḡ ᯩʑ ভྙᯕ݅. ᝅᱽಽ ݚ⧕ ྙᱽ۵ ࠦᯝ ԕᨱᕽ ࠺ ⩲ᱶŝ ࠦᯝ ʑᅙჶ(Basic Law) ŝ᮹ ᔢ∊ ྙᱽಽ ᯕᛩ⪵ࡽ ᱢᯕ ᯩ݅. ✚⯩ šಉ ᔍÕ(Data Retention Case, BVerfG, Case No. BvR /, BvR / and BvR /, March , , NJW )ᨱᕽ ࠦᯝ ᩑႊ⨭ჶᰍ❱ᗭ۵ “እಡᖒ᮹ ᬱ⊺ᨱ ߑᯕ░
ᅕᮁ᮹ ჶᱢ ญ᪡ šಉ ə ᅕᮁ᪡ ᩑšࡹᨕ ᯩ۵ šᩍ᮹ ✚ᙹ⦽ vࠥ۵ ᱢᱩ⦹í ᳑ᱩࡹᨕ ⦽݅. ᐱอ ᦥܩ ▭ᯕ░
ᅕ⪙, ▭ᯕ░᮹ ⪽ᬊ əญŁ ⚍ᖒŝ ჶᱢ ᅕ⪙᪡ šಉ⦹ᩍ ⊹ၡ⦹Ł ⪶⦽ Ƚᱽ ᙹ݉ᯕ ᳕ᰍ⦹ᩍ ⦽݅”Ł ❱⦽
ၵ ᯩ݅.
ᮡ ᱢᮝಽ ᔍᔾ⪽ᮥ ʑᅙᱢᯙ ᯙǭᮝಽᕽ ᯙ⦹Ł ᯩ݅.
)ᯕᨱ ᮁᩑ⧊ ₉ᬱᨱᕽ ۵ ֥ᨱ ᱶᅕ ᔍᔾ⪽ ḡ⋉(the Data Privacy
Directive)
)ᯕ ₥┾ࡹᨕ ᯩ݅. ✚⯩ ݚ⧕ ḡ⋉ᮡ
}ᯙ᮹ ᔍᔾ⪽ ᅕ⪙᪡ ⫭ᬱǎ e ᱶᅕ Ʊඹෝ ༊ ᱢᮝಽ ⦹Ł ᯩᮝ໑, ✚⯩ ᗭእᯱॅ᮹ ᖁ⪙ᨱ š
⦽ ᱶᅕෝ ᔍʑᨦᨱ ๅࠥ⦹۵ ⧪᭥ෝ Ƚᱽ⦹۵ ä ᩎ ᵝ⦽ ༊ᱢᮝಽ ᔢᱶ⦹Ł ᯩ݅.
)ᯕᨱ
ݚ⧕ ḡ⋉ᮡ ᔍʑᨦᯕ }ᯙ᮹ ᱶᅕෝ ᙹḲ
⦹Ł ᱥݍ⦹۵ ä᮹ ၹ᯲ᬊᮝಽᕽ }ᯙᨱí ᯱ ᝁ᮹ ᱶᅕa Ŗᵲᨱí ᱥ❭ࡹ۵ äᮥ Ƚᮉ⧁
ᙹ ᯩ۵ ᙹ݉ᮥ ᱽŖ⧕ ᵝ۵ ߑᨱ ᵝᦩᱱᮥ ࢱ ʑࠥ ⦹ᩡ݅.
)ᔍᝅ ↽ɝ ᮁᩑ⧊ ᔍჶᰍ❱ᗭ a ݚ⧕ ḡ⋉ᯕ šಉ ⧪᭥ෝ Ƚᮉ⦹ḡ ᦫ۵݅۵ ᯕᮁಽ ݡᕽ᧲ᮥ ⬂݉⦹۵ ⧎Ŗᔍ᮹ ~ᨱ ݡ
⦽ ᱶᅕෝ Ḣᱲ ǎ☁ᦩᅕᇡ(the Department of
Homeland Security)ᨱ ᱥݍ⦹ࠥಾ ⦹۵ ᮁᩑ
⧊ ᯕᔍ⫭᪡ ၙǎ ᔍᯕ᮹ ⩲ᱶᮥ ྕ⬉⪵⦽ ᱢᯕ
) ᮁᯙǭ⩲᧞ ᱽ᳑. ྜྷು ᮁᩑ⧊ᮡ Ḣᱲᱢᯙ ᮁᯙǭ⩲᧞᮹ ℕ᧞ݚᔍǎᮡ ᦥܩ݅. ə౨݅໕ ᮁᩑ⧊ ԕ ჶȽჵŝ
ᮁ⠪᮹⫭ᨱ ᮹⦽ ჶȽჵ e ᔢ∊᮹ a܆ᖒᮥ a܁⧕ ᅕᦥ ⦽݅. ྜྷು ᮁᩑ⧊ŝ ᮁ⠪᮹⫭(Council of Europe) e ᮹ šĥᨱ ᯩᨕ əॅᯕ bb ᅕᮁ⦹Ł ᯩ۵ ༊ᱢŝ ǭ⦽ᮡ ᔢ⪙eᨱ ᔢᯕ⦹ʑ ভྙᨱ, əॅ eᨱ ǭ⦽ŝ š⧁ǭᯕ ᕽಽ ᵲᅖࢁ a܆ᖒᮡ ฯḡ ᦫᦹ äᯕ ᔍᝅᯕ݅(Christian Gavalda and Gilber Parleani, E.U. Law in a Nutshell(Sweet &
Maxwell, ), p.). ✚⯩, ᮁᩑ⧊ᮡ ᵝಽ Ğᱽ ᇥᨱᕽ᮹ ☖⧊ŝ ⩲ಆᮥ ᭥⦹ᩍ ᖅᯕ ࡽ ၹ໕ᨱ, ᮁ⠪᮹⫭۵ ᱥ ᯙඹ᮹ እɚᯕᨩ ᱽ₉ ᖙĥݡᱥ ᯕ⬥ ʑᅙǭ᮹ ᅕ⪙᪡ ᮁ₉ᬱᨱᕽ᮹ ᔍ⫭ᱢ, ᱶ⊹ᱢ əญŁ ྙ⪵ᱢ a⊹᮹ Ł᧲ᮥ
᭥⦹ᩍ ᖅᯕ ࡹᨩ݅۵ ᱱᨱᕽ ᬒ ə్⦹ᩡ݅(Christos Rozakis, “Comments”, in; Niels M. Blokker and Henry G.
Schemers(eds.), Proliferation of International Organizations ― Legal Issues ―(Kluwer International, ), p. ). ӹ ᦥa ᮁᩑ⧊ ₉ᬱᨱᕽ᮹ ჶᬱᯙ ᮁᩑ⧊ჶᬱ(European Court of Justice)ŝ ᮁ⠪᮹⫭ ₉ᬱᨱᕽ᮹ ჶᬱᯙ ᮁᯙǭჶ ᬱ(European Court of Human Rights) e šĥᨱ ᯩᨕᕽࠥ ᮁ ₉ᬱᨱᕽ۵ ᱽࠥᱢ Ɂ⩶ᯕ ᳕ᰍ⦹Ł ᯩ݅Ł ᅝ ᙹ ᯩʑ ভ
ྙᨱ ᧲ ჶᬱ e ∊࠭᮹ a܆ᖒᯕ ᝍb⦹í ၼᦥॅᩍḡŁ ᯩḡࠥ ᦫ݅. ✚⯩, ᮁᩑ⧊ ᔍჶᰍ❱ᗭ۵ ᱽࠥᱢ Ɂ⩶ᮥ ᵡᙹ⦹
ᩍ ݅ෙ ʑšॅ᮹ ǭ⦽ᨱ ݡ⦽ ᱢᱩ⦽ Łಅෝ ⦹Ł ᯩ݅۵ ⠪aෝ ၼŁ ᯩ݅(Case C-- Parliament v. Council,〔〕 ECR ⳑ-. ᯕᨱ ݡ⦽ ᯱᖙ⦽ ᔍ⧎ᮡ Sacha Prechal, “Institutional Balance: a Fragile Principle with Uncertain Con- tents,” in Ton Heukels et al.(eds.), The European Union after Amsterdam ― A Legal Analysis ―(Hague: Kluwer Law, ), pp.~ෝ ₙ᳑). ݅ ั⧕ ᯝၹ ǎᱽჶ ₉ᬱᨱᕽ۵ ᔍჶᱢ qa ᳕ᰍ⦹ḡ ᦫᦥ ə᪡ zᮡ ᱽࠥᱢ Ɂ⩶ᯕ ᳕ ᰍ⦹ḡ ᦫ۵݅Ł ᅝ ᙹ ᯩḡอ, ᮁ᮹ Ŗeᨱᕽ۵ ᱽࠥᱢ Ɂ⩶ᮥ šญ⦹۵ ᮁᩑ⧊ ᔍჶᰍ❱ᗭ᪡ ᮁᯙǭჶᬱᨱ ᮹⦽
ᔍჶᱢ qᱽࠥa ᳕ᰍ⦹Ł ᯩ݅Ł ᅝ ᙹ ᯩ۵ äᯕ݅(Niels Bokker, “Proliferation of International Organizations: An Exploratory Introduction,” in Niels M. Blokker & Henry G. Schemers, Proliferation of International Organizations ― Legal Issues ―(Kluwer International, ), pp. -). ə్အಽ ⩥ᰍ ᮁᩑ⧊ŝ ᯱᝁ᮹ ჶᬱᯙ ᮁᩑ⧊ ᔍჶᰍ❱ᗭ ۵ ᮁ⠪᮹⫭ᐱอᯕ ᦥܩ ᮁᯙǭჶᬱŝ ə š⧁ǭ ⪚ᮡ ǭ⦽᮹ ∊࠭ᨱ ᯩᨕ ฯᮡ ྙᱽᨱ Ḣ໕⦹Ł ᯩ݅Ł ⧁ ᙹ۵ ᨧᮝ໑, ⩥ ญᜅᅙ ᳑᧞ᨱᕽ ᮁᩑ⧊ᮡ ᮁᯙǭ⩲᧞ᨱ a᯦⦹۵ äᯕ ᩩᱶࡹᨕ ᯩʑࠥ ⦹໑ ᮁᩑ⧊ ᔍჶᰍ❱ᗭ ᩎ
ᯱᝁ᮹ ❱݉ ɝÑಽ ᮁᯙǭ⩲᧞ᮥ ᱽ⦹۵ ߑᨱ ᵝᱡ⦹ḡ ᦫŁ ᯩ݅. ᕽ ᮁᩑ⧊᮹ ᯦ᰆ᮹ ɝÑಽ ᮁᯙǭ⩲᧞
ᮥ ᱽ⦹۵ äᨱ ฯᮡ ྙᱽa ᯩ۵ äᮡ ᦥܩ݅.
) Parliament and Council Directive //EC of October on the Protection of Individuals with Regard to the Processing of Personal Data and on the Free Movement of Such Data, O.J. (L/).
) James Q. Whitman, “The Two Western Cultures of Privacy: Dignity Versus Liberty,” YALE L.J. , -.
) Spiros Simities, “From the Market to the Polis, The EU Directive on the Protection of Personal Data,” IOWA L.
REV. , ().
ᯩ݅.
)ə᪡ zᮡ ႑Ğᯕ ᯩᨩ ᮁᩑ⧊ ԕᨱ ᕽ }ᯙ᮹ ᱶᅕෝ Ḣᱲᱢᮝಽ šญ⧁ ᙹ ᯩࠥಾ
⦹۵ SWIFT ⩲ᱶŝ ᱶᅕᔍᔾ⪽ ḡ⋉ e ᔢ∊᮹ ם᮹a Ⅺၽࡽ äᮡ ᨕ ᅕ໕ ݚᩑ⦽ äᯕ݅.
đǎ ḡ⋉ ᱽ᳑ᨱ ᖅพࡽ ✚ᄥ᳑ᔍ᭥ᬱ
⫭۵ ၙǎᨱᕽ ᱶᅕෝ ᅕᮁ⦹ࠥಾ ⦹۵ SWIFT ᮹ Ƚᱶᯕ ݚ⧕ ḡ⋉ᮥ ᭥ၹ⦽݅۵ đᱶᮥ ԕญ í ࡹᨩŁ, ᯕᨱ TFTP ᩎ ḡ⋉⦹ᨱᕽ ྕ
⬉۵ ᖁᨙᮥ ⦹í ࡽ݅. ᐱอ ᦥܩ TFTP᮹ Ŗᱢᯙ Ŗ} ᯕ⬥ SWIFT᮹ ᕽእᜅෝ ᯕᬊ⦹۵ ɩᮖʑš ᩎ ḡ⋉ᮥ ᭥ၹ⦹۵ äᯕ۵ đᱶ
ᮥ ԕญí ࡽ݅.
)đǎ ᰢᱱᮡ ▭్ญ᷹᮹ Ƚᱽ, ᷪ ǎa ᦩᅕෝ
᭥⦽ ᯕᯖŝ }ᯙ᮹ ᔍᔾ⪽ ᅕ⪙᮹ ᯕᯖ e ᔢ∊
ᯕ ၽᔾ⧉ᨱ ෙ ᯕ᮹ ⧕đྙᱽŁ ᅝ ᙹ ᯩ
݅.
)ᔍᝅ ᔍᔾ⪽ ᱶᅕ ḡ⋉ ᩎ }ᯙ᮹ ᔍᔾ
⪽ ǭญᨱ ݡ⦽ ᅕ⪙᪡ ᱶᅕ᮹ ႊ⧕ ᨧ۵ Ʊඹ
ෝ ⨩ᬊ⦹۵ ä ᔍᯕ᮹ ᳑⪵ෝ ϡ⦹۵ ᳑⊹Ł
⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅.
)ᮁᩑ⧊ ᩎ ⫭ᬱǎ ၝॅᨱí ᇡᩍࡽ ၝ᮹ ǭญᨱ ݡ⦽ ᅕ⪙ෝ ᱽ⦽⦹۵ ᳑
⊹ෝ vǍ⦹Ł ᯩʑࠥ ⦹݅.
)đǎ SWIFT ⩲ᱶ
ᮥ ☖⦹ᩍ ▭్ᨱ ݡ⦽ ݉⪙⦽ ݡෝ ⯍⦹۵
ၙǎ᮹ ᮹ࠥ
)᪡ ᱶᅕ ᔍᔾ⪽ᨱ ݡ⦽ }ᯙ᮹ ǭ ญෝ ᵲ⦹۵ ᮁᩑ⧊᮹ ⯍
)ᔍᯕ᮹ ∊࠭ᯕ ݚ⧕ ⩲ᱶ᮹ ℕđ ŝᱶ ᵲᨱ ⩥ᝅ⪵ࡹᨩ݅Ł ᅝ ᙹ ᯩ݅. ǎaෝ ▭్᮹ ŖĊᮝಽᇡ░ ᅕ⪙⦹Ł
) C-/, European Parliament v. Council of the European Union , C-/, European Parliament v. Commis- sion of European Commission. ݅ᮭ᮹ ᔍᯕ✙ ₙ᳑. http://curia.europa.jurisp/cgi-bingettext.pl?where=&lang=en&n um=c
) ᪽Ա⦹໕ SWIFT᮹ ᬕᩢ ⫭᮹ᨱ᮹ ɩᮖʑš ݡ⢽᮹ ₙᕾᮡ ၙǎŝ᮹ ⩲ಆᮥ ࠥ༉⦹۵ SWIFT᮹ đᱶᨱ ᯱᝁ᮹ ʑš ᯕ ᳑ᨙᮥ ⦹ࠥಾ ⦹ᩡᮥ äᯕʑ ভྙᯕ݅. Justin Santolli, “The Terrorist Finance Tracking Progrma: Illuminating the Shortcoming of the European Union’s Antiquated Data Privacy Directive,” The Geo. Wash. Int’l L. Rev.
().
) ᯕ۵ ࠦᯝᩑႊ⨭ჶᰍ❱ᗭ᮹ đᱶᨱᕽࠥ ᩠ᅝ ᙹ ᯩ۵ ݡ༊ᯕ݅. ᩑႊ⨭ჶᰍ❱ᗭ۵ ֥ ᬵ đᱶᨱᕽ ၙ௹᮹ ᇩ⪶ᝅ⦽
ŖĊ᮹ a܆ᖒᯕ ▭్⧪᭥ Ƚᱽෝ ᭥⦽ ᱶᅕ ᅕᮁෝ ᱶݚ⪵⦹۵ ߑᨱ ∊ᇥ⦽ äᯙḡ ᬑಅ᮹ ༊ᗭญෝ ԙ ᱢᯕ ᯩʑ ভྙ
ᯕ݅. Bundesverfassungsgericht [BVerfG], Apr. , , BVerfGE para. .
) Tracie B. Loring, Note, An Analysis of the Informational Privacy Protection Afforded by the European Union and the United States, TEX. INT’L L.J. (); Gregory Shaffer, Globalization and Social Protection: The Impact of EU and International Rules in the Ratcheting up of U.S. Privacy Standards, YALE J. INT’L L. , ().
) ✚⯩ Council Directive / O.J. (L) (EC) ᱽ, ᳑ᨱᕽ۵ ᱥᯱ☖ᝁ ᕽእᜅෝ ᱽŖ⦹۵ ᔍʑᨦᨱ ݡ⦹
ᩍ ☖⪵᪡ ᱥᯱᵝᗭ əญŁ ݅ෙ ☖ᝁ šಉ ᱶᅕෝ ֥eอ ᅕᮁ⦹ࠥಾ ⦹Ł ᯩᮝ໑ ݚ⧕ ᱶᅕෝ Ğₑℎᨱ ᱥݍ⦹ࠥಾ ⦹ Ł ᯩ݅. ྜྷು ᯕ۵ ▭్ᨱ ݡ⧎⦹۵ ߑᨱ ⦥ᙹᱢᯙ ჶḲ⧪ᮥ ᭥⧕ ⦥⦽ ᱶᅕෝ ⪶ᅕ⦹ʑ ᭥⦽ äᯕ݅. Justin Santolli,
“The Terrorist Finance Tracking Progrma: Illuminating the Shortcoming of the European Union’s Antiquated Data Privacy Directive,” The Geo. Wash. Int’l L. Rev. ().
) James X. Dempsey & Lara M. Flint, Commercial Data and National Security, GEO. WASH. L. REV. , - ().
) James Q. Whitman, The Two Western Cultures of Privacy: Dignity Versus Liberty, YALE L.J. -.
ᯱ ⦹۵ ᯕᯖᯕ ᵲݡ⦹݅۵ ᯦ᰆᨱ ໕
)ݚ ᩑ⯩ ᱶᅕ Ʊඹ᪡ ⪶ᅕ᮹ ᯕᯖᮥ ᱶᅕᔍᔾ⪽ᨱ ᇡᩍࡹŁ ᯩ۵ ᅕ⪙᮹ ᯕᯖᅕ݅ ᬑ᭥ᨱ ࢱí ࢁ
äᯕŁ,
)ʑᅙᱢᯙ ʑᅙǭᮡ ᬱ⊺ᱢᮝಽ ⩲ᔢ᮹
ݡᔢᮝಽ ᔢᱶ⧁ ᙹ ᨧ݅۵ ᯦ᰆ
)ᨱ ᮹⦹໕ ݚ ᩑ⦹í ᱶᅕ ᔍᔾ⪽ᨱ ᬑ᭥ෝ ࢹ ᙹၷᨱ ᨧᮥ ä ᯕ݅. đǎ ᯕ۵ a⊹᮹ ∊࠭ ྙᱽŁ ᅝ ᙹ ᯩ ۵ ᔍᦩᯕ݅. ྜྷು ݚ⧕ ᔍᦩ᮹ ⧕đᮥ ᭥⧕ᕽ۵
᧲ a⊹ ᵲ ᔢ᭥᮹ ḡ᭥ෝ ₉ḡ⦹۵ a⊹ෝ ᬑᖁ
⦹۵ ᯲ᨦᯕ ⦥⧁ äᯕ݅. ᯕ᮹ ⧕đᮥ ᭥⧕
ᕽ۵ ☖ᔢᱢᮝಽ ᯕᯖ⩶ప᮹ ᬱ⊺ᮥ ᔾb⧕ ᅝ ᙹ ᯩ۵ߑ, ݚ⧕ ᬱ⊺ᮡ ᅖᙹ᮹ a⊹ ⪚ᮡ ʑᅙǭ ᯕ ∊࠭⦹۵ Ğᬑ ə ⬉ಆ᮹ ᬑᩕᮥ đᱶ⦹ʑ ᭥
⦹ᩍ ʑᅙǭ ⪚ᮡ a⊹ॅ᮹ ჶᯖᮥ እƱ⦹ᩍ ჶ ᯖᯕ ⓑ a⊹ ⪚ᮡ ʑᅙǭᮥ ᬑᖁ⦹۵ ᬱ
⊺ᮥ ั⦽݅. ⦹ḡอ ᧲ a⊹ ᵲ ᨕ۱ a⊹a ᬑ
ᬵ⦽ ḡ᭥ෝ ₉ḡ⦹۵ḡᨱ ݡ⦹ᩍ ᇥ⦹ḡ ᦫ
ᮡ Ğᬑ ྙᱽ۵ ᝍb⧕ḥ݅. ݚ⧕ ᔍᦩ᮹ Ğᬑ a ə᪡ zᮡ ĞᬑŁ ᅝ ᙹ ᯩᮥ äᯕ݅. đǎ ᱶᅕ ᔍᔾ⪽ŝ šಉ ၝ᮹ ǭญෝ ᅕ⪙Łᯱ ⦹ ۵ ᯕᯖŝ ▭్ᨱ ݡ⦹ʑ ᭥⦹ᩍ ∊ᇥ⦽ ᱶᅕ
ෝ ☖⦹ᩍ ჶḲ⧪᮹ ⬉ᮉᮥ ⪶ᅕ⦹Łᯱ ⦹۵ ᯕ ᯖ ᔍᯕᨱ ᱢᱩ⦽ Ɂ⩶(appropriate balance)ᮥ ᯕ
ࠥಾ ⦹۵ äᯕ ⦥⦹݅.
)ə౨݅໕ ݚ⧕ a
⊹ ᔍᯕ᮹ ∊࠭ᔢ⫊᮹ ⧕đᮥ ᭥⧕ᕽ۵ ᯕᯖ⩶
ప᮹ ᬱ⊺ᅕ݅۵ ᩎ Ƚჵ᳑⪵ᱢ ⧕ᕾᮥ ☖⦹
ᩍ ᧲ a⊹a ༉ࢱ ↽ݡ⦽ ᅕᰆࡹ۵ ႊᮥ Ł ᙹ⧁ ⦥a ᯩ݅. Ƚჵ᳑⪵ᱢ ⧕ᕾᯕ ∊࠭⦹
۵ a⊹ ᔍᯕᨱᕽ ᨕ۱ ⦹ӹ᮹ a⊹อᮥ ᖁ┾⦹
Ł ə ӹນḡ a⊹ෝ ⯍ᔾ┅۵ äᯕ ᦥܩ ᪅
⯩ಅ ∊࠭⦹۵ }᮹ a⊹ॅᯕ ༉ࢱ ↽ݡ⦽ ᝅ⩥
ࢁ ᙹ ᯩࠥಾ ᳑⪵í ⧕ᕾ⦹ᩍ ⦽݅۵ ᬱ⊺
ᮥ ั⦽݅.
ᮁᩑ⧊ ᩎ ݚ⧕ ŝᱶᮥ Ñ⊽ äᯕ݅.
SWIFT-ⳑ ⩲ᱶ᮹ ℕđŝᱶᨱᕽ ᮁᩑ⧊᮹ Di-
rective᪡᮹ ᔢ∊ᔢ⫊ ॒ᮥ Ḣ໕⦹ᩍ ฯᮡ ם᮹
ෝ ☖⦹ᩍ ᱶᅕ᮹ Ʊඹ᪡ ⪶ᅕ ŝᱶᮥ ÑⅅŁ, ᯕෝ ☖⦽ ⬉ŝᱢᯙ ▭్ Ƚᱽ᮹ ⪶ᅕᨱ ݡ⦹ᩍ ᯙᮥ ⧁ ᙹ ᯩí ࡹᨩŁ, ⩥ᰍ ᨕ۱ ᱶࠥ ᧲ a
⊹ e ᳑⪵ෝ ᯕŁ ᯩ۵ SWIFT-Ⳓ ⩲ᱶᮥ እ ᵡ⻰⧪⦹Ł ᯩʑ ভྙᯕ݅.
ⳕᬑญӹᨱ᮹ᔍᱱၰđು
ᬑญӹ ᩎ ▭్᮹ Ŗ⡍ಽᇡ░ ᯱᮁḡ۵
) ᯕݡᬑ, “⦽ǎ᮹ ǎaᦩᅕ᪡ ݡ▭్ݡ₦,” ▭్᪡ ⦽ǎ᮹ ǎaᦩᅕ - ▭్ၽᔾ ❭ɪᩢ⨆ŝ ᬑญ᮹ ݡ᮲ႊ⨆ - (ᖙ᳦ᱶ₦
☁ು⫭ ᅕŁᕽ, ᖙ᳦ᩑǍᗭ, ), ໕ᨱᕽ۵ “እಾ ᯙǭ݉ℕᨱᕽ ᵝᰆ⦹Ł ᯩ۵ }ᯙ᮹ ᯙᬱࠥ ๅᬑ ᵲ⦹ḡอ, ǎa a ݅ᙹ᮹ ᦩᱶᮥ ᅕ⪙⦹ʑ ᭥⧕ Ŗǭಆᮥ ⪶ݡ⧕ ⦽݅۵ ᵝᰆࠥ ྕ⧁ ᙹ۵ ᨧ݅”Ł ᨙɪ⦹Ł ᯩ݅.
) Michael Stokes Plausen, The Emancipation Proclamation and the Commander in Chief Power, GA. L. REV. , ().
) Fred Cate, Privacy in the Information Age ().
) Daniel J. Mitchell, Fighting Terror and Defending Freedom: The Role of Cost-Benefit Analysis, PACE. L. REV. , ().
ᦫ݅. əᨱ ᦿᕽ ᨙɪ⦽ ၵ᪡ zᯕ ༙⚍
áᔪʑෝ ֥ ᬵᇡ░ ᯙŖ⧎ŝ ʡ⡍, ʡ⧕, ᱽᵝ Ŗ⧎ ॒ ǎᱽᖁᮥ ᬕ⧎⦹Ł ᯩ۵ } Ŗ⧎ᨱ ᖅ⊹⦹ᩍ ᅙĊ a࠺⦹Ł ᯩ݅. ǎa ᦩ ᅕ᮹ ᵲᖒᮥ ᇡᯙ⧁ ᙹ ᨧ۵ äᯕ ᔍᝅᯕḡอ ᯕ ᩎ ᔍᔾ⪽ᮥ ⋉⧕⦽݅۵ እӽᨱ Ḣ໕⧕ ᯩ
݅. ✚ᄥ⯩ ǎaᯙǭ᭥ᬱ⫭۵ ֥ ᬵ ᱥᝁ áᔪᰆእෝ ᯦ࠥ⧁ ჶᱢ ɝÑa ᇩ⪶⦹Ł ▭
్ ᩩႊ᮹ ⬉ŝa ׳݅۵ ɝÑa ၙ᧞⦽ ၹ໕ ᔍ ᔾ⪽᮹ ᯱᮁ, ᷪ ᯙǭᮥ ⋉⧕⧁ ᗭḡa ႒⦹
݅۵ ɝÑಽ ‘༙ ⚍ʑ’᮹ ᖅ⊹ ɩḡෝ ǎ☁
⧕᧲ᇡ ᰆšᨱí ǭŁ⦽ ၵ ᯩ݅. ▭్᮹ ᭥⩲, ӹᦥa ǎa᮹ ᦩ᭥᪡ ǎၝ᮹ ᔾŝ ᰍᔑ ᅕ⪙
ෝ ᭥⦽ a⊹ෝ ᔍᔾ⪽ᅕ⪙᮹ a⊹ᅕ݅ ᬑᖁᱢ ᯙ ḡ᭥ᨱ ״ᦹ݅۵ ⠪aa a܆⦹݅. ⦹ḡอ ᬑ ญ ᩎ ǎaᦩᅕ᪡ ᔍᔾ⪽᮹ ᯱᮁ۵ a⊹a ᔢ∊⦹۵ ᔢ⫊ᨱᕽ ᧲ a⊹a Ɂ⩶ᮥ ᯕ۵ ᳑
⊹ෝ ⧪⦹Ł ᯩ۵ḡ ᰍŁ⧁ ⦥a ᯩ݅. ✚⯩
ݚ⧕ a⊹ e ᔢ∊᮹ ᔢ⫊ᨱᕽ۵ ᯕᯖ⩶ప᮹ ႊ
ᅕ݅۵ ᩎ Ƚჵ᳑⪵ᱢ ⧕ᕾᮥ ☖⦽ ᧲ a⊹
᮹ ᅕ݅ Ł᧲ࡽ ᅕᰆᯕ Ǎࢉᮡ ྜྷುᯕ݅. ᯕ
ෝ ᭥⦽ Łၝᮥ ⦹ḡ ᦫᮡ äᮡ ᦥܭ ä z݅. ǎ
☁⧕᧲ᇡ۵ ݚ⧕ ₉ ᅕᦩáᔪᨱᕽ ᬑᖁᱢᮝಽ ᮹ᝍࡹ۵ ~ᯕӹ ⧎Ŗʑ ᦩᱥᮥ ᭥⩲⦹۵ ᵝ᮹ ~ᨱ ⦽⦹ᩍ ᯕෝ ᬕᩢ⦹ࠥಾ ⦹ᩡᮝ໑, ᱥᝁáᔪʑ ᬕᩢᨱ ᦿᕽ Ŗ⧎Ŗᔍ ॒ šĥʑš ŝ ~᮹ ᔍᔾ⪽ ᅕ⪙ݡ₦ᮥ ᙹพ⦹ᩍ ⧪⦹
Ł ᯩʑ ভྙᯕ݅. ӹᦥa ᱥᝁáᔪʑ ᜅ▽ᨱ ᕽ۵ áᔪ ᯕၙḡෝ ᅕš⻰⇽ಆ⻰ᱥᘂ⻰ᱡᰆ⧁
ᙹ ᯩ۵ ʑ܆ᯕ ᨧí ⦹ᩡŁ, Ǖ ॒ ᝁℕ ᵝ
ᇡᇥᮡ ⯍ၙ⦽ ᯕၙḡಽ ญࡹ۵ ॒ ᔍᔾ⪽ᯕ
↽ݡ⦽ ᅕ⪙ࡹ۵ ᰆእಽ ᖅ⊹⦹ࠥಾ ⦹ᩡʑ ভ
ྙᯕ݅. ӹᦥa ᯕၙḡ ᇥᕾᝅᮥ Ċญ⦹ᩍ ᯕၙ
ḡ ᇥᕾᬱᮡ ~ᮥ ᅝ ᙹ ᨧŁ, áᔪ ☖ᱽᬱ
ᮡ áᔪ ᯕၙḡෝ ᅝ ᙹ ᨧࠥಾ ⦹ᩡᮝ໑, ᯕၙ
ḡ ᇥᕾᬱᮡ ⋕ີ⻰⮕ݡ⡑⻰ᱡᰆๅℕ ॒ᮥ
aḡŁ ᯕၙḡ ᇥᕾᝅᨱ ॅᨕi ᙹ ᨧࠥಾ ⦹ᩡ
ʑ ভྙᯕ݅.
)⦹ḡอ ⨆⬥ ᮁᩑ⧊ᨱᕽ᪡ z
ᮡ ᔢ⫊ᯕ ᬑญӹᨱᕽࠥ ၽᔾ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅. ▭
్ Ƚᱽa ǎĞᮥ Ⅹᬵ⦽ ǎa᮹ ⩲᳑a ⦥⦹
݅۵ ᱥᱽ⦹ᨱ ᔍᔾ⪽᮹ ᯱᮁෝ ᱽ⦽⧁ ᙹ ᯩ۵ b᳦ ǎᱽ⩲ᱶᯕ ℕđࢁ ᙹ ᯩʑ ভྙᯕ݅. ᮁ
ᩑ⧊᮹ Ğᬑ᪡ zᯕ ᔍᔾ⪽᮹ ᯱᮁ᪡ zᮡ ʑᅙ ǭ, ӹᦥa ᯙǭ᮹ ჵ᭥a ə᪡ zᮡ ǎᱽᱢᯙ
₉ᬱ᮹ ⩲ᱶᯕ Ḣᱲᱢᯙ ᩢ⨆ᮥ ӝ⋁ ᙹ ᯩ݅۵ Łಅෝ ⦽݅໕ ᬑญ ᩎ ᧲ a⊹᮹ ᳑⪵ಽᬕ ᔢ
∊⧕đᮥ ᭥⦹ᩍ ᅕ݅ Ųჵ᭥⦽ ᮹č ᙹಕŝᱶ ᯕ ᖁ⧪ࡹᨕ ⧁ äᯕ໑, ⨆⬥ ǎᱽჶŝ ǎԕჶ e᮹ ∊࠭ a܆ᖒᨱ ݡ⧕ᕽࠥ ĥᗮ Łၝᮥ ⦹ᩍ
⧁ äᯕ݅.
김 용 훈
(상명대학교 조교수)
) http://www.mltm.go.kr/USR/policyTarget/m_/dtl.jsp?idx=(֥ ᬵ ᯝ ႊྙ); ֥ ᬵ ᯝᯱ ᕽᬙ Ğᱽᝁྙᔍᖅ.
참고문헌
ʡ⩥ᱶ, ᮁŖ࠺ℕ᪡ ၙǎ e᮹ SWIFT ⩲ᱶ ၽ⬉, ᯙ░֘ ჶ ᱽ࠺⨆ ᱽ⪙.
ᯕݡᬑ, “⦽ǎ᮹ ǎaᦩᅕ᪡ ݡ▭్ݡ₦,” ▭్᪡ ⦽ǎ᮹ ǎa ᦩᅕ —▭్ၽᔾ ❭ɪᩢ⨆ŝ ᬑญ᮹ ݡ᮲ႊ⨆-(ᖙ᳦ᱶ
₦☁ು⫭ ᅕŁᕽ, ᖙ᳦ᩑǍᗭ, ).
Christian Gavalda and Gilber Parleani, E.U. Law in a Nutshell(Sweet & Maxwell, )
Fred Cate, Privacy in the Information Age(),
Christos Rozakis, "Comments", in; Niels M. Blokker and Henry G. Schemers(eds.), Proliferation of International Organizations ― Legal Issues ―(Kluwer International, ).
Daniel J. Mitchell, “Fighting Terror and Defending Freedom:
The Role of Cost-Benefit Analysis,” PACE. L. REV.
().
Gregory Shaffer, “Globalization and Social Protection: The Impact of EU and International Rules in the Ratchet- ing up of U.S. Privacy Standards,” YALE J. INT’L L. ().
James Q. Whitman, “The Two Western Cultures of Privacy:
Dignity Versus Liberty,” YALE L.J.
James X. Dempsey & Lara M. Flint, “Commercial Data and National Security,” GEO. WASH. L. REV. ().
Justin Santolli, “The Terrorist Finance Tracking Progrma:
Illuminating the Shortcoming of the European Union’s Antiquated Data Privacy Directive,” The Geo. Wash.
Int’l L. Rev. ().
Michael Stokes Plausen, “The Emancipation Proclamation and the Commander in Chief Power,” GA. L. REV.
().
Niels Bokker, "Proliferation of International Organizations:
An Exploratory Introduction," in Niels M. Blokker &
Henry G. Schemers, Proliferation of International Or- ganizations ― Legal Issues ―(Kluwer International, ).
Patrick Connorton, “Tracking Terrorist Finance through SWIFT: When U.S. Subpoenas and Foreign Privacy Law Collide,” FORDHAM L. REV.
Sacha Prechal, "Institutional Balance: a Fragile Principle with Uncertain Contents," in Ton Heukels et al.(eds.), The European Union after Amsterdam ― A Legal Analysis
―(Hague: Kluwer Law, ).
Spiros Simities, “From the Market to the Polis, The EU Di- rective on the Protection of Personal Data,” IOWA L.
REV. ().
Tracie B. Loring, Note, An Analysis of the Informational Pri- vacy Protection Afforded by the European Union and the United States, TEX. INT’L L.J. ().
Valentin Pfisterer, “The Second SWIFT Agreement Between the European Union and the United States of America - An Overview,” German Law Journal ().
