R E S E A R C H Open Access
An AQCQ-functional equation in matrix Banach spaces
Choonkil Park1, Jung Rye Lee2and Dong Yun Shin3*
*Correspondence: [email protected]
3Department of Mathematics, University of Seoul, Seoul, 130-743, Korea
Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
Abstract
Using the fixed point method, we prove the Hyers-Ulam stability of an
additive-quadratic-cubic-quartic functional equation in matrix normed spaces.
MSC: Primary 47L25; 47H10; 39B82; 46L07; 39B52
Keywords: operator space; fixed point; Hyers-Ulam stability;
additive-quadratic-cubic-quartic functional equation
1 Introduction and preliminaries
The abstract characterization given for linear spaces of bounded Hilbert space operators in terms ofmatricially normed spaces[] implies that quotients, mapping spaces and various tensor products of operator spaces may again be regarded as operator spaces. Owing in part to this result, the theory of operator spaces is having an increasingly significant effect on operator algebra theory (see []).
The proof given in [] appealed to the theory of ordered operator spaces []. Effros and Ruan [] showed that one can give a purely metric proof of this important theorem by using the technique of Pisier [] and Haagerup [] (as modified in []).
The stability problem of functional equations originated from a question of Ulam []
concerning the stability of group homomorphisms.
The functional equation f(x+y) =f(x) +f(y)
is called theCauchy additive functional equation. In particular, every solution of the Cauchy additive functional equation is said to be anadditive mapping. Hyers [] gave the first affirmative partial answer to the question of Ulam for Banach spaces. Hyers’ theorem was generalized by Aoki [] for additive mappings and by TM Rassias [] for linear map- pings by considering an unbounded Cauchy difference. A generalization of the TM Rassias theorem was obtained by Găvruta [] by replacing the unbounded Cauchy difference by a general control function in the spirit of TM Rassias’ approach.
In , TM Rassias [] during the th International Symposium on Functional Equa- tions asked the question whether such a theorem can also be proved forp≥. In , Gajda [], following the same approach as in TM Rassias [], gave an affirmative solu- tion to this question forp> . It was shown by Gajda [], as well as by TM Rassias and Šemrl [], that one cannot prove a TM Rassias’ type theorem whenp= (cf.the books of Czerwik [], Hyerset al.[]).
©2013 Park et al.; licensee Springer. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribu- tion License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
In , JM Rassias [] followed the innovative approach of the TM Rassias’ theorem [] in which he replaced the factorxp+ypbyxp· yqforp,q∈Rwithp+q= .
The functional equation
f(x+y) +f(x–y) = f(x) + f(y)
is called a quadratic functional equation. In particular, every solution of the quadratic functional equation is said to be aquadratic mapping. A Hyers-Ulam stability problem for the quadratic functional equation was proved by Skof [] for mappingsf:X→Y, where Xis a normed space andYis a Banach space. Cholewa [] noticed that the theorem of Skof is still true if the relevant domainXis replaced by an Abelian group. Czerwik []
proved the Hyers-Ulam stability of the quadratic functional equation.
In [], Jun and Kim considered the following cubic functional equation:
f(x+y) +f(x–y) = f(x+y) + f(x–y) + f(x). (.) It is easy to show that the functionf(x) =x satisfies functional equation (.), which is called acubic functional equationand every solution of the cubic functional equation is said to be acubic mapping.
In [], Leeet al.considered the following quartic functional equation:
f(x+y) +f(x–y) = f(x+y) + f(x–y) + f(x) – f(y). (.) It is easy to show that the functionf(x) =xsatisfies functional equation (.), which is called aquartic functional equation, and every solution of the quartic functional equation is said to be a quartic mapping. The stability problems of several functional equations have been extensively investigated by a number of authors and there are many interesting results concerning this problem (see [–]).
We will use the following notations:
ej= (, . . . , , , , . . . , );
Eijis that(i,j)-component isand the other components are zero;
Eij⊗xis that(i,j)-component isxand the other components are zero;
Forx∈Mn(X),y∈Mk(X),
x⊕y= x
y
.
Note that (X,{ · n}) is a matrix normed space if and only if (Mn(X), · n) is a normed space for each positive integernandAxBk≤ ABxnholds forA∈Mk,n,x= (xij)∈ Mn(X) andB∈Mn,k, and that (X,{ · n}) is a matrix Banach space if and only ifXis a Banach space and (X,{ · n}) is a matrix normed space.
LetE,Fbe vector spaces. For a given mappingh:E→Fand a given positive integern, definehn:Mn(E)→Mn(F) by
hn
[xij]
= h(xij) for all [xij]∈Mn(E).
LetXbe a set. A functiond:X×X→[,∞] is called ageneralized metriconXifd satisfies
() d(x,y) = if and only ifx=y;
() d(x,y) =d(y,x)for allx,y∈X;
() d(x,z)≤d(x,y) +d(y,z)for allx,y,z∈X.
We recall a fundamental result in fixed point theory.
Theorem .[, ] Let(X,d)be a complete generalized metric space and let J:X→X be a strictly contractive mapping with Lipschitz constantα< .Then,for each given element x∈X,either
d
Jnx,Jn+x
=∞
for all nonnegative integers n or there exists a positive integer nsuch that () d(Jnx,Jn+x) <∞,∀n≥n;
() the sequence{Jnx}converges to a fixed pointy*ofJ;
() y*is the unique fixed point ofJin the setY={y∈X|d(Jnx,y) <∞};
() d(y,y*)≤–α d(y,Jy)for ally∈Y.
In , Isac and Rassias [] were the first to provide applications of stability theory of functional equations for the proof of new fixed point theorems with applications. By using fixed point methods, the stability problems of several functional equations have been extensively investigated by a number of authors (see [–]).
In this paper, we prove the Hyers-Ulam stability of the following additive-quadratic- cubic-quartic functional equation:
f(x+ y) +f(x– y) = f(x+y) + f(x–y) – f(x)
+f(y) +f(–y) – f(y) – f(–y) (.) in matrix normed spaces by using the fixed point method.
One can easily show that an odd mappingf :X→Ysatisfies (.) if and only if the odd mappingf:X→Y is an additive-cubic mapping,i.e.,
f(x+ y) +f(x– y) = f(x+y) + f(x–y) – f(x).
It was shown in [, Lemma .] thatg(x) :=f(x) – f(x) andh(x) :=f(x) – f(x) are cubic and additive, respectively, and thatf(x) =g(x) –h(x).
One can easily show that an even mappingf :X→Ysatisfies (.) if and only if the even mappingf:X→Y is a quadratic-quartic mapping,i.e.,
f(x+ y) +f(x– y) = f(x+y) + f(x–y) – f(x) + f(y) – f(y).
It was shown in [, Lemma .] thatg(x) :=f(x) – f(x) andh(x) :=f(x) – f(x) are quartic and quadratic, respectively, and thatf(x) = g(x) –h(x).
Throughout this paper, let (X,{ · n}) be a matrix normed space and (Y,{ · n}) be a matrix Banach space.
2 Hyers-Ulam stability of AQCQ-functional equation (1.3) in matrix normed spaces: odd mapping case
In this section, we prove the Hyers-Ulam stability of AQCQ-functional equation (.) in matrix normed spaces for an odd mapping case.
Lemma . Let(X,{ · n})be a matrix normed space.Then:
() Ekl⊗xn=xforx∈X.
() xkl ≤ [xij]n≤n
i,j=xijfor[xij]∈Mn(X).
() limn→∞xn=xif and only iflimn→∞xijn=xijforxn= [xijn],x= [xij]∈Mk(X).
Proof () SinceEkl⊗x=e*kxelande*k=el= ,Ekl⊗xn≤ x. Sinceek(Ekl⊗x)e*l=x, x ≤ Ekl⊗xn. SoEkl⊗xn=x.
() Sinceekxe*l=xklandek=e*l= ,xkl ≤ [xij]n. Since [xij] =n
i,j=Eij⊗xij, [xij]
n= n
i,j=
Eij⊗xij
n
≤ n
i,j=
Eij⊗xijn= n i,j=
xij.
() By
xkln–xkl ≤ [xijn–xij]
n= [xijn] – [xij]
n≤
n i,j=
xijn–xij,
we get the result.
For a mappingf:X→Y, defineDf:X→Y andDfn:Mn(X)→Mn(Y) by Df(a,b) :=f(a+ b) +f(a– b) – f(a+b) – f(a–b) + f(a)
–f(b) –f(–b) + f(b) + f(–b), Dfn
[xij], [yij] :=fn
[xij] + [yij] +fn
[xij] – [yij] – fn
[xij] + [yij] – fn
[xij] – [yij] + fn
[xij] –fn
[yij] –fn
–[yij] + fn
[yij] + fn
–[yij]
for alla,b∈Xand allx= [xij],y= [yij]∈Mn(X).
Theorem . Letϕ:X→[,∞)be a function such that there exists anα< with
ϕ(a,b)≤αϕ a
,b
(.)
for all a,b∈X.Let f :X→Y be an odd mapping satisfying Dfn
[xij], [yij]
n≤
n i,j=
ϕ(xij,yij) (.)
for all x= [xij],y= [yij]∈Mn(X).Then there exists a unique additive mapping A:X→Y such that
fn
[xij] – fn
[xij] –An
[xij]
n≤
n i,j=
–α
ϕ(xij,xij) +
ϕ(xij,xij)
(.)
for all x= [xij]∈Mn(X).
Proof Letxij= andyij= except for (i,j) = (s,t) in (.).
Puttingyst=xstin (.), we get
f(yst) – f(yst) + f(yst) ≤ϕ(yst,yst) (.) for allyst∈X.
Replacingxstby ystin (.), we get
f(yst) – f(yst) + f(yst) – f(yst) ≤ϕ(yst,yst) (.) for allyst∈X.
By (.) and (.),
f(yst) – f(yst) + f(yst)
≤
f(yst) – f(yst) + f(yst) + f(yst) – f(yst) + f(yst) – f(yst)
= f(yst) – f(yst) + f(yst) + f(yst) – f(yst) + f(yst) – f(yst)
≤ϕ(yst,yst) +ϕ(yst,yst) (.)
for allyst∈X. Replacingystbyxstand lettingg(xst) :=f(xst) – f(xst) in (.), we get g(xst) – g(xst) ≤ϕ(xst,xst) +ϕ(xst,xst)
for allxst∈X. So g(xst) –
g(xst)
≤ϕ(xst,xst) +
ϕ(xst,xst) (.)
for allxst∈X.
Consider the set S:={h:X→Y}
and introduce the generalized metric onS:
d(g,h) =inf
μ∈R+: g(a) –h(a) ≤μ
ϕ(a,a) +
ϕ(a,a)
,∀a∈X
, where, as usual,infφ= +∞. It is easy to show that (S,d) is complete (see [, ]).
Now we consider the linear mappingJ:S→Ssuch that Jg(a) :=
g(a) for alla∈X.
Letg,h∈Sbe given such thatd(g,h) =ε. Then g(a) –h(a) ≤ϕ(a,a) +
ϕ(a,a) for alla∈X. Hence
Jg(a) –Jh(a) =
g(a) –
h(a) ≤α
ϕ(a,a) +
ϕ(a,a)
for alla∈X. Sod(g,h) =εimplies thatd(Jg,Jh)≤αε. This means that d(Jg,Jh)≤αd(g,h)
for allg,h∈S.
It follows from (.) thatd(g,Jg)≤.
By Theorem ., there exists a mappingA:X→Ysatisfying the following:
()Ais a fixed point ofJ,i.e.,
A(a) = A(a) (.)
for alla∈X. The mappingAis a unique fixed point ofJin the set M=
g∈S:d(h,g) <∞ .
This implies thatAis a unique mapping satisfying (.) such that there exists aμ∈(,∞) satisfying
g(a) –A(a) ≤μ
ϕ(a,a) +
ϕ(a,a)
for alla∈X;
()d(Jlg,A)→ asl→ ∞. This implies the equality
l→∞lim
lg
la
=A(a) for alla∈X;
()d(g,A)≤–α d(g,Jg), which implies the inequality d(g,A)≤
–α. So
g(a) –A(a) ≤
–α
ϕ(a,a) +
ϕ(a,a)
(.) for alla∈X.
It follows from (.) and (.) that DA(a,b) = lim
l→∞
l Dg
la, lb
≤ lim
l→∞
l ϕ
l+a, l+b + ϕ
la, lb
≤ lim
l→∞
lαl
l
ϕ(a, b) + ϕ(a,b)
=
for alla,b∈X. HenceDA(a,b) = for alla,b. SoA:X→Yis additive.
By Lemma . and (.), fn
[xij] – fn
[xij] –An
[xij]
n≤
n i,j=
f(xij) – f(xij) –A(xij)
≤ n i,j=
–α
ϕ(xij,xij) +
ϕ(xij,xij)
for allx= [xij]∈Mn(X). ThusA:X→Y is a unique additive mapping satisfying (.), as
desired.
Corollary . Let r,θbe positive real numbers with r< .Let f :X→Y be an odd mapping such that
Dfn
[xij], [yij]
n≤
n i,j=
θ
xijr+yijr
(.)
for all x= [xij],y= [yij]∈Mn(X).Then there exists a unique additive mapping A:X→Y such that
fn
[xij] – fn
[xij] –An
[xij]
n≤
n i,j=
+ r
– rθxijr for all x= [xij]∈Mn(X).
Proof The proof follows from Theorem . by taking ϕ(a,b) = θ(ar+br) for all a,b∈X. Then we can chooseα= r–and we get the desired result.
Theorem . Letϕ:X→[,∞)be a function such that there exists anα< with ϕ(a,b)≤α
ϕ(a, b)
for all a,b∈X.Let f:X→Y be an odd mapping satisfying(.).Then there exists a unique additive mapping A:X→Y such that
fn
[xij] – fn
[xij] –An
[xij]
n≤
n i,j=
α
–α
ϕ(xij,xij) +
ϕ(xij,xij)
for all x= [xij]∈Mn(X).
Proof Let (S,d) be the generalized metric space defined in the proof of Theorem ..
Now we consider the linear mappingJ:S→Ssuch that Jg(a) := g
a
for alla∈X.
It follows from (.) that g(xst) – g
xst
≤ϕ xst
,xst
+ϕ
xst,xst
≤α
ϕ(xst,xst) +
ϕ(xst,xst)
for allxst∈X. Thusd(g,Jg)≤α. So d(g,A)≤ α
–α.
The rest of the proof is similar to the proof of Theorem ..
Corollary . Let r,θbe positive real numbers with r> .Let f :X→Y be an odd mapping satisfying(.).Then there exists a unique additive mapping A:X→Y such that
fn
[xij] – fn
[xij] –An
[xij]
n≤
n i,j=
r+
r– θxijr for all x= [xij]∈Mn(X).
Proof The proof follows from Theorem . by taking ϕ(a,b) = θ(ar+br) for all a,b∈X. Then we can chooseα= –rand we get the desired result.
Theorem . Letϕ:X→[,∞)be a function such that there exists anα< with ϕ(a,b)≤αϕ
a
,b
for all a,b∈X.Let f:X→Y be an odd mapping satisfying(.).Then there exists a unique cubic mapping C:X→Y such that
fn
[xij] – fn
[xij] –Cn
[xij]
n≤
n i,j=
– α
ϕ(xij,xij) +
ϕ(xij,xij)
for all x= [xij]∈Mn(X).
Proof Let (S,d) be the generalized metric space defined in the proof of Theorem ..
Replacingystbyxstand lettingg(xst) :=f(xst) – f(xst) in (.), we get g(xst) – g(xst) ≤ϕ(xst,xst) +ϕ(xst,xst)
for allxst∈X. So g(xst) –
g(xst) ≤
ϕ(xst,xst) +
ϕ(xst,xst)
(.)
for allxst∈X. Thusd(g,Jg)≤. So d(g,A)≤
– α.
The rest of the proof is similar to the proof of Theorem ..
Corollary . Let r,θbe positive real numbers with r< .Let f :X→Y be an odd mapping satisfying(.).Then there exists a unique cubic mapping C:X→Y such that
fn
[xij] – fn
[xij] –Cn
[xij]
n≤
n i,j=
+ r
– rθxijr for all x= [xij]∈Mn(X).
Proof The proof follows from Theorem . by taking ϕ(a,b) = θ(ar+br) for all a,b∈X. Then we can chooseα= r–and we get the desired result.
Theorem . Letϕ:X→[,∞)be a function such that there exists anα< with ϕ(a,b)≤α
ϕ(a, b)
for all a,b∈X.Let f:X→Y be an odd mapping satisfying(.).Then there exists a unique cubic mapping C:X→Y such that
fn
[xij] – fn
[xij] –Cn
[xij]
n≤
n i,j=
α
– α
ϕ(xij,xij) +
ϕ(xij,xij)
for all x= [xij]∈Mn(X).
Proof Let (S,d) be the generalized metric space defined in the proof of Theorem ..
It follows from (.) that g(xst) – g
xst
≤ϕ xst
,xst
+ϕ
xst,xst
≤α
ϕ(xst,xst) +
ϕ(xst,xst)
for allxst∈X. Thusd(g,Jg)≤α. So d(g,A)≤ α
– α.
The rest of the proof is similar to the proof of Theorem ..
Corollary . Let r,θbe positive real numbers with r> .Let f:X→Y be an odd map- ping satisfying(.).Then there exists a unique cubic mapping C:X→Y such that
fn
[xij] – fn
[xij] –Cn
[xij]
n≤
n i,j=
r+
r– θxijr for all x= [xij]∈Mn(X).
Proof The proof follows from Theorem . by taking ϕ(a,b) = θ(ar+br) for all a,b∈X. Then we can chooseα= –rand we get the desired result.
3 Hyers-Ulam stability of AQCQ-functional equation (1.3) in matrix normed spaces: even mapping case
In this section, we prove the Hyers-Ulam stability of AQCQ-functional equation (.) in matrix normed spaces for an even mapping case.
Theorem . Letϕ:X→[,∞)be a function such that there exists anα< with ϕ(a,b)≤αϕ
a
,b
for all a,b∈X.Let f :X→Y be an even mapping satisfying f() = and(.).Then there exists a unique quadratic mapping Q:X→Y such that
fn
[xij] – fn
[xij] –Qn
[xij]
n≤
n i,j=
– α
ϕ(xij,xij) +
ϕ(xij,xij)
for all x= [xij]∈Mn(X).
Proof Let (S,d) be the generalized metric space defined in the proof of Theorem ..
Letxij= andyij= except for (i,j) = (s,t) in (.).
Puttingyst=xstin (.), we get
f(yst) – f(yst) + f(yst) ≤ϕ(yst,yst) (.) for allyst∈X.
Replacingxstby ystin (.), we get
f(yst) – f(yst) + f(yst) + f(yst) ≤ϕ(yst,yst) (.) for allyst∈X.
By (.) and (.),
f(yst) – f(yst) + f(yst)
≤
f(yst) – f(yst) + f(yst) + f(yst) – f(yst) + f(yst) + f(yst)
= f(yst) – f(yst) + f(yst) + f(yst) – f(yst) + f(yst) + f(yst)
≤ϕ(yst,yst) +ϕ(yst,yst) (.)
for allyst∈X. Replacingystbyxstand lettingg(xst) :=f(xst) – f(xst) in (.), we get g(xst) – g(xst) ≤ϕ(xst,xst) +ϕ(xst,xst)
for allxst∈X. So g(xst) –
g(xst) ≤
ϕ(xst,xst) +
ϕ(xst,xst)
(.)
for allxst∈X. Thusd(g,Jg)≤. So d(g,A)≤
– α.
The rest of the proof is similar to the proof of Theorem ..
Corollary . Let r,θbe positive real numbers with r< .Let f :X→Y be an even map- ping satisfying(.).Then there exists a unique quadratic mapping Q:X→Y such that
fn
[xij] – fn
[xij] –Qn
[xij]
n≤
n i,j=
+ r
– rθxijr for all x= [xij]∈Mn(X).
Proof The proof follows from Theorem . by taking ϕ(a,b) =θ(ar +br) for all a,b∈X. Then we can chooseα= r–and we get the desired result.
Theorem . Letϕ:X→[,∞)be a function such that there exists anα< with ϕ(a,b)≤α
ϕ(a, b)
for all a,b∈X.Let f :X→Y be an even mapping satisfying f() = and(.).Then there exists a unique quadratic mapping Q:X→Y such that
fn
[xij] – fn
[xij] –Qn
[xij]
n≤
n i,j=
α
– α
ϕ(xij,xij) +
ϕ(xij,xij)
for all x= [xij]∈Mn(X).
Proof Let (S,d) be the generalized metric space defined in the proof of Theorem ..
It follows from (.) that g(xst) – g
xst
≤ϕ xst
,xst
+ϕ
xst,xst
≤α
ϕ(xst,xst) +
ϕ(xst,xst)
for allxst∈X. Thusd(g,Jg)≤α. So d(g,A)≤ α
– α.
The rest of the proof is similar to the proof of Theorem ..
Corollary . Let r,θbe positive real numbers with r> .Let f :X→Y be an even map- ping satisfying(.).Then there exists a unique quadratic mapping Q:X→Y such that
fn
[xij] – fn
[xij] –Qn
[xij]
n≤
n i,j=
r+
r– θxijr for all x= [xij]∈Mn(X).
Proof The proof follows from Theorem . by taking ϕ(a,b) = θ(ar+br) for all a,b∈X. Then we can chooseα= –rand we get the desired result.
Theorem . Letϕ:X→[,∞)be a function such that there exists anα< with ϕ(a,b)≤αϕ
a
,b
for all a,b∈X.Let f :X→Y be an even mapping satisfying f() = and(.).Then there exists a unique quartic mapping R:X→Y such that
fn
[xij] – fn
[xij] –Rn
[xij]
n≤
n i,j=
– α
ϕ(xij,xij) +
ϕ(xij,xij)
for all x= [xij]∈Mn(X).
Proof Let (S,d) be the generalized metric space defined in the proof of Theorem ..
Replacingystbyxstand lettingg(xst) :=f(xst) – f(xst) in (.), we get g(xst) – g(xst) ≤ϕ(xst,xst) +ϕ(xst,xst)
for allxst∈X. So g(xst) –
g(xst) ≤
ϕ(xst,xst) +
ϕ(xst,xst)
(.)
for allxst∈X. Thusd(g,Jg)≤. So d(g,A)≤
– α.
The rest of the proof is similar to the proof of Theorem ..
Corollary . Let r,θ be positive real numbers with r< .Let f :X→Y be an even map- ping satisfying(.).Then there exists a unique quartic mapping R:X→Y such that
fn
[xij] – fn
[xij] –Rn
[xij]
n≤
n i,j=
+ r
– rθxijr for all x= [xij]∈Mn(X).
Proof The proof follows from Theorem . by taking ϕ(a,b) =θ(ar+br) for all a,b∈X. Then we can chooseα= r–and we get the desired result.
Theorem . Letϕ:X→[,∞)be a function such that there exists anα< with ϕ(a,b)≤ α
ϕ(a, b)
for all a,b∈X.Let f :X→Y be an even mapping satisfying f() = and(.).Then there exists a unique quartic mapping R:X→Y such that
fn
[xij] – fn
[xij] –Rn
[xij]
n≤
n i,j=
α
– α
ϕ(xij,xij) +
ϕ(xij,xij)
for all x= [xij]∈Mn(X).
Proof Let (S,d) be the generalized metric space defined in the proof of Theorem ..
It follows from (.) that g(xst) – g
xst
≤ϕ xst
,xst
+ϕ
xst,xst
≤α
ϕ(xst,xst) +
ϕ(xst,xst)
for allxst∈X. Thusd(g,Jg)≤α. So d(g,A)≤ α
– α.
The rest of the proof is similar to the proof of Theorem ..
Corollary . Let r,θbe positive real numbers with r> .Let f :X→Y be an even map- ping satisfying(.).Then there exists a unique quartic mapping R:X→Y such that
fn
[xij] – fn
[xij] –Rn
[xij]
n≤
n i,j=
r+
r– θxijr for all x= [xij]∈Mn(X).
Proof The proof follows from Theorem . by taking ϕ(a,b) =θ(ar+br) for all a,b∈X. Then we can chooseα= –rand we get the desired result.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors’ contributions
All authors conceived of the study, participated in its design and coordination, drafted the manuscript, participated in the sequence alignment, and read and approved the final manuscript.
Author details
1Department of Mathematics, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, Korea.
2Department of Mathematics, Daejin University, Pocheon, Kyeonggi 487-711, Korea.3Department of Mathematics, University of Seoul, Seoul, 130-743, Korea.
Acknowledgements
CP was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (NRF-2012R1A1A2004299), and DYS was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (NRF-2010-0021792).
Received: 2 April 2013 Accepted: 8 May 2013 Published: 23 May 2013
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doi:10.1186/1687-1847-2013-146
Cite this article as:Park et al.:An AQCQ-functional equation in matrix Banach spaces.Advances in Difference Equations 20132013:146.
