• Tidak ada hasil yang ditemukan

Chapter 3

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2023

Membagikan "Chapter 3"

Copied!
24
0
0

Teks penuh

(1)

!"

!"

!"

!"

!"

#

#

#

#

!"

=

=

F

=

=

π

1

F-

!"

 →

[ ]

=

+

=

=

+

=

φ

φ

+

=

=

(2)

!"

!"

! "

∫∫

+

=

= # #

#

π

F

∫∫

+

= +

=

# # # π

!"#$%

=

[

+

]

" &

#

#

#

=

φ "'$&

#=(#(=#+# "'%&

(3)

)

(4)

!"&

→ + ∆ ! + + ∆

*

!

#

!

# +

− !

(5)

!"

=

= ∑

=

!

π

=

= ∑

=

!

π

,+#!#-#!

∆ − ∆

∆ # # # !

#

+ !

→ ∆

= ∆

!"

=

=

+

=

∑ ∑

=

=

!

!

π

(6)

=

=

+

=

∑ ∑

=

=

!

!

π

= ∆

∆ ! #

= ∆

∆ !

*# .,"

=

=

+

=

π

=

=

+

=

π

!"*

$$$$$**

/

!+

0 1

# +

2 ×

(7)

*$$$*

"

= +

$"

! ! " #

!"

∑ ∑

=

= − −

=

π π

=

= + +

=

π π

%*!

=

=

π

%$

=

=

π

!

(8)

!"

1 ! $%#*

1 **

1 ! $ #

! !

!"

π

+

↔ −

− − ↔ − π +

!" = = "

π

+

=

π +

= −

+

↔ − −

+

! ! $% "

!"* %$

= + = + = + +

!"3**

#*#

=

− −

= − −

$

!"*

$$$ =

(9)

(10)

! !&'

!"

φ ω φ

ω θ

θ

= = =

=

→ θ

ω φ

!"

#θ +θ↔ ω#φ+θ

#**θ → #* θ

(11)

! !(#)

!"*

F F{

F + = +

F F{

F

⋅ ≠ ⋅

!"

! !*+) ,

!"

=

= ∑ ∑

=

=

! !-.

!"4 #*

∂ + ∂

= ∂

= − +

∇ π

F

(12)

! !/$) $

!"5

=

α α α

1

(13)

δ

=

=

+

=

δ

δ

1

(14)

1 #$"

∗ ↔

↔ ∗

6 "

#.

≥ +−!

%

7$"

≤ ≤ −

= ≤

≤ ≤ −

= ≤

=

=

,+#!#-#.!

(15)

1

"

β α β α

β

α

∗ = − −

∫∫

∗ ↔

(16)

↔ ∗

*7"

$" ×

×

$"%

− +

− +

$"#*##*"

≤ ≤ − ≤ ≤ −

= ≤

≤ ≤ − ≤ ≤ −

= ≤

=

= − −

=

(17)

!"

" = ∫

α + α α

$ ,#

#

(18)

= +

=

"

"

=

= + +

=

"

$"

" ↔

" ↔

(19)

! !0"

! !

"

(20)

"

# 8&

$

%$ !∆# *

!"9$:&$$

*

!"

2+#;/

(21)

%%



 ≤ ≤

=

+

+

!

ω

(22)

!"$*

→ "

∆ =

→1 "

∆ = !∆ →∆ = ! ∆

!"

δ#*"

(23)

∫∫

=

δ

#*

#*#*

1

(24)

%$ &# %$ $

#*

∗ %

!"

# %$$

#

!"%



 − ≤ ≤ − ≤ ≤

=

!"

×

= ∆

# =

# %**

$*

Referensi

Dokumen terkait

Hasil penelitian terhadap jenis-jenis musuh alami predator dan parasitoid serangga hama pada pertanaman padi sawah di Kabupaten Aceh timur yang di lakukan di dua