Human Resources Development Indicators in Korea

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Human Resources Development

Indicators in Korea

2013

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Chapter Contents

Ⅰ. Employment

1. Participation in Economic Activities 2. Employed and Unemployed Population 3. Economically Active Youth Population 4. Wage

5. International Comparison of Labor Market

Ⅱ. Lifelong Vocational Education &

Industry-Academia Collaboration

1. Secondary Vocational Education 2. Higher Vocational Education 3. Lifelong Vocational Education 4. Industry-Academia Collaboration

Ⅲ. Vocational Education

& Training(VET)

1. VET Participation 2. Status of VET Projects 3. Miscellaneous

Ⅳ. Career Education 1. Career Education

Ⅴ. Qualification

1. National Technical Qualifications 2. Private Qualifications and Development

of National Competency Standards

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◦ The employment rate has plateaued at 59-60% since 2001 and has remained at 59.4%, as recorded in 2012.

◦ The unemployment rate has steadily decreased since the financial crisis, showing a downward trend of 3.2% as of 2012.

[Employment and Unemployment Rates]

(Unit: %)

Source: Economically Active Population Survey(each year), Statistics Korea.

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2. Employment Rates by Age

◦ The employment rate for the 15-19 age group increased from 6.1% in 2010 to 7.0% in 2012.

◦ The employment rates for the 20-39 age groups increased slightly from 44.3%, 68.2%, and 72.0% in 2010 to 44.5%, 69.2%, and 72.7% in 2012.

◦ The employment rate for the 60-64 age group increased 2.4% from 53.7% in 2010 to 56.1% in 2012.

[Employment and Unemployment Rates]

(Unit: %)

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40.0 in 2012 (a fall of 5.1 hours).

◦ The average monthly wage continuously rose to 2,567,000 KRW in 2012.

[Average Working Hours per Week and Average Monthly Wage]

(Unit: %, thousand won)

Source: Survey on Labor Conditions By Employment Type <Former Basic Statistical Survey on Wage Distribution>(each year), Ministry of Employment and Labor.

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4. Labor Force Participation Rate and Unemployment Rate amongst Youths

◦ The labor force participation rate amongst youths decreased by 4.7%

from 48.4% in 2002 to 43.7% in 2012.

◦ The unemployment rate amongst youths increased by 0.5% from 7% in 2002 to 7.5% in 2012.

[Labor Force Participation Rate and Unemployment Rate amongst Youths]

(Unit: %)

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than Japan and 2.7% lower than the USA

[Comparison of Total Employment Rate]

(Unit: %)

Source: Source: Factbook 2013: Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics, OECD(2013).

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6. International Comparison of Youth Unemployment Rate

◦ The youth unemployment rate in Korea is approximately 2.7% higher than that of Qatar, which ranked 1st.

◦ The youth unemployment rate of Korea is approximately 0.9% lower than that of China, which ranked 10th.

[Comparison of Youth Unemployment Rate]

(Unit: %)

Source: World Competitiveness Yearbook, IMD(2013).

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1. Average Years of Education

◦ The average years of schooling was 11.6 years in 2010, doubling from 5.7 years in the 1970. Overall educational levels in Korea have been continuously increasing from 5.7 years in 1970 to 7.6 years in 1980, 9.5 years in 1990, 10.6 years in 2000, and 11.6 years in 2010.

[Average Years of Education by Age]

(Unit: years)

Source: Population and Housing Census Report(each year), Statistics Korea.

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2. Proportion of Public Education Budget

◦ In 2013, the Ministry of Education’s budget was roughly 50 trillion KRW, whilst the Central Government’s budget was approximately 303 trillion KRW. The Ministry of Education/Central Government budget ratio was 19.5% in 2001, 20.8% in 2005, 19.6% in 2005, and 16.6%

in 2013.

[Proportion of the Ministry of Education’s Budget within the Government’s Budget]

(Unit: 100 million KRW, %)

Source: Statistical Yearbook of Education(2013), Ministry of EducationㆍKorea Educational Development Institute.

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schools, 16.7 in middle schools, 14.4 in general high schools and 12.1 in specialized high schools. In general, the numbers are decreasing.

- This number decreased: by 12.4 from 28.7 in 2000 to 16.3 in 2012 for elementary schools; by 3.4 from 20.1 in 2000 to 16.7 in 2012 for middle schools; and by 5.5 and 6.1 for all high schools (19.9 in 2000 → 14.4 in 2012) and specialized high schools (18.2 in 2000

→ 12.1 in 2012) respectively.

[Number of Students per Teacher by Year]

(Unit: persons)

Note: Specialized high schools were vocational high schools until 2010 and have been renamed as specialized high schools since 2011.

Source: Presentation of “Education Statistics” Results(September 5, 2013), Ministry of EducationㆍKorea Educational Development Institute.

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4. Enrollment in Higher Education after Secondary Education

◦ As the opportunity to continue into higher education has increased, Korea has generated a vast amount of human resources. Enrollment in higher education after graduating from general high school decreased by roughly 10.1% from 85.3% in 2001 to 75.2% in 2011; however, enrollment in higher education after finishing vocational high school increased by roughly 18.8% from 44.9% in 2001 to 63.7% in 2011;

and graduate school enrollment after university declined by 2.9% from 11.3% in 2001 to 8.4% in 2011.

[Enrollment in Higher Education after Secondary Education]

(Unit: %)

Source: Statistical Yearbook of Education(2013), Ministry of EducationㆍKorea Educational Development Institute.

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in 2012, an increase of 5.8% from 29.8% in 2007. The rate of participation in formal education decreased by 2.2% from 5.7% in 2007 to 3.5% in 2012; however, during the same period, the rate of participation in non-formal education rose by 6.7% from 26.4% to 33.1% with the rate of participation in vocation-related non-formal education also rising by 4.9% from 10.5% to 15.4%.

[Rate of Participation in Lifelong Education]

(Unit: %)

Source: Lifelong Learning Survey(each year), Ministry of EducationㆍKorea Educational Development Institute.

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Ⅲ. Vocational Education & Training(VET)

1. Education & Training Participation of Paid Workers

◦ Education & training participation of paid workers has continuously increased over the past 5 years, with the participation rate having risen by 12.3% from 24.9% in 2007 to 37.2% in 2012.

[Rate of Education & Training Participation of Paid Workers]

(Unit: %)

Note: The Education & Training Participation Rate represents those that have received education or training over the past year.

Source: Economically Active Population Survey: Additional Survey by Employment Type(each year), Statistics Korea.

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27,700 KRW in 2012.

- The percentage of VET spending on labor costs per person continuously decreased from 0.81% in 2007 to 0.62% in 2012.

[Monthly VET Spending per Worker and Proportion of VET Spending Relative to Labor Cost in Companies]

(Unit: thousand KRW, %)

Source: Survey Report on Enterprise Labor Costs(each year), Ministry of Employment and Labor.

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3. Implementation of VET Projects

◦ The number of people participating in VET projects imparted by the Ministry of Employment and Labor continuously rose throughout the 2000s, reaching 5,172,000 in 2009 before decreasing slightly to 3,849,000 in 2012.

- The budget peaked at 1.5126 trillion KRW in 2009 when the economy was suffering the global financial crisis. The budget has gradually decreased since then, falling to 1.2647 trillion KRW in 2012.

[Implementation of VET Projects]

(Unit: 100 million KRW, thousand persons)

Note: The number of trainees for 2012 includes ‘Naeil Baeum Card’ program trainees.

Source: VET Project Report(2013), Ministry of Employment and Labor.

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of ‘Naeil Baeum Card’ program in 2010.

[Implementation of VET Projects for the Unemployed]

(Unit: 100 million KRW, thousand persons)

Note: The number of trainees for 2012 includes ‘Naeil Baeum Card’ program trainees.

Source: VET Project Report(2013), Ministry of Employment and Labor.

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Ⅳ. Career Education

1. Investment in Career Education per Student

◦ Investment in career education per student and the total career education budget in 2012 were 65,000 KRW and 7.349 billion KRW for Gangwon province; 61,000 KRW and 12.405 billion KRW for Daegu; 44,000 KRW and 2.109 billion KRW for Jeju; 39,000 KRW and 5.553 billion KRW for Jeonnam province; 37,000 KRW and 8.948 billion KRW for Busan; and 32,000 KRW and 3.914 billion KRW for Daejeon.

◦ In 2013, these figures changed to 97,000 KRW and 626 million KRW for Sejong; 37,000 KRW and 7.443 billion KRW for Daegu; 34,000 KRW and 1.611 billion KRW for Jeju; 32,000 KRW and 5.964 billion KRW for Gyeongbuk province; 31,000 KRW and 4.605 billion KRW for Chungnam province; and 25,000 KRW and 5.929 billion KRW for Busan. The national average investment in career education per student was assessed at 17,800 KRW.

[Investment in Career Education per Student]

(Unit: thousand KRW)

Note: The investment budget for 2013 is based on the budget proposal.

Source: Press Release(January 18, 2013), Ministry of Education.

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teach “Career and Vocational Studies”; promote systematic and professional career education by running the admission officer system, etc.; provide a personalized career guidance service to students; and oversee career guidance activities at school.

◦ Since the initial deployment of 1,291 people in 2011, a total of 4,550 people have been deployed as of 2013. As of 2013, career counselors are present in 84% of all middle and high schools (72% of middle schools and 100% of high schools).

[Deployment of Career Counselors]

(Unit: schools, persons, %)

Notes: 1) There are 5,440 schools in total (middle schools, general high schools, specialized high schools), the total number of career counselors deployed is 4,550 and the deployment rate for all middle and high schools is 83.6%.

2) Deployment rate of career counselors in middle schools is 70.4% and deployment rate of career counselors in high schools is 100%.

Source: Press Release(September 24, 2012), Ministry of Education, Science and Technology.

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3. Dedicated Space for Career Education(Career Activity Room)

◦ To facilitate the duties of career counselors, it is not only essential that the working environment should be made conducive for career counselors, but a support structure for career education should be established at the school in which they are deployed. The implementation of career activity rooms is crucial for career counselors to provide effective career education at school; furthermore, career activity rooms are spaces dedicated to career education where career classes, career counseling, work experience, career club activities and all other career-related activities can be carried out.

◦ As of 2012, career activity rooms have been set up in 1,843 schools

(824 middle schools and 1,019 high schools). These career activity

rooms made it possible to run career aptitude tests and provide career

counseling to students at least twice a year. However, according to the

2012 Career Education Evaluation Results for Metropolitan and

Provincial Offices of Education (Ministry of Education, 2013), the

national average set-up rate for career activity rooms is 34%,

suggesting that almost half of career counselors have no access to a

career activity room.

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[Set-up Rate of Career Activity Rooms in High Schools]

(Unit: %)

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4. Selection of “Career and Vocational Studies”

◦ The career education strengthening policy has also significantly influenced the curriculum. “Career and Vocational Studies”, which was an optional subject only available at high school, has also been rolled out in middle schools. However, as the number of subjects allowed per semester was limited to 8, the selection rate of “Career and Vocational Studies” showed no change from 2011.

◦ As of 2012, the national average selection rate of “Career and Vocational Studies” is 40% (similar to 2011). Gangwon province(68%), Daejeon (57%), Chungnam province(56%), Gyeongnam province(56%), and Ulsan (54%) showed selection rates higher than the national average. On the contrary, Daegu (29%), Gyeonggi province(26%), Sejong (25%), and Jeju (23%) are well below the average.

[Selection Rate of “Career and Vocational Studies” in Middle School]

(Unit: %)

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5. Work Experience Activities

◦ Work experience entails a set of educational activities that cultivates on-site adaptability of students and helps their future career selection by providing information about various jobs and allowing students to have first-hand experience in actual workplaces.

◦ According to the 2012 work experience status survey conducted by Metropolitan and Provincial Offices of Education (Ministry of Education, Science & Technology, 2013), a total of 1.2 million students participated in work experience. Among them, 630,000 participated in vocational experience, 320,000 in college curriculum experience, and 250,000 in public institution and private enterprise experience.

[Roll-Out Rate of Work Experience Programs in Middle Schools]

(Unit: %)

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6. Career Education Types in Middle Schools and High Schools

◦ The most commonly featured types of career education across middle and high schools are career-related psychology tests (ranked 1st), career activities within creative experience activities (ranked 2nd), and career counseling (ranked 3rd).

◦ The most commonly featured types of career education in high schools

are career-related psychology tests (11.7%), career activities within

creative experience activities (11.6%), school admission counseling

(10.8%), career counseling (10.1%), and special lectures by

professionals (9.1%). The data is similar for middle schools.

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[Types of Career Activities]

(Unit: %)

Source: 2012 School Career Education Indicators, Oh Hoyeong et al (2012).

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◦ The number of national technical qualifications acquired in 2012 was approximately 530,000, a decreasing trend over the past 5 years.

[National Technical Qualifications Acquired]

(Unit: persons)

Source: Statistical Yearbook of Employment and Labor(each year), Ministry of Employment and Labor.

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2. Recognized Private Qualifications

◦ As a result of the national recognition program for private qualifications, a total of 87 private qualifications are nationally recognized as of 2012.

[Total Number of Recognized Private Qualifications]

(Unit: qualifications)

Source: Statistical Yearbook of Private Qualifications 2012, Ministry of Education, Science &

Technology, Korea Research Institute for Vocational Education & Training(2012).

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1. Participation in Economic Activities

1) Economically Active Population by Gender · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 3 2) Labor Force Participation Rate by Age · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 4 3) Labor Force Participation Rate by Educational Level · · · · · · · · · 5

2. Employed and Unemployed Population

1) Composition of Employment by Industry · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 6 2) Population Growth Rates · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 7 3) Discouraged Workers · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 7 4) Unemployment Rate by Educational Attainment · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 8

3. Economically Active Youth Population

1) Trends in the Economically Active Youth Population · · · · · · · · · · 9 2) Additional Survey on the Economically Active Youth

Population · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 10 3) Total and Youth Unemployment Rates · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 10 4) International Comparison of Youth Unemployment Rate

(2013) · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 11

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4. Wage

1) Wages by Industry and Gender(companies with 5 or more employees) · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 12 2) Labor Productivity Index · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 14

5. International Comparison of Labor Market

1) Employment Rates: Total · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 15 2) Employment Rates for the 15-24 Age Group · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 16 3) Employment Rates for the 25-54 Age Group · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 17 4) Employment Rates for the 55-64 Age Group · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 18 5) Employment Rates: Men · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 19 6) Employment Rates: Women · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 20 7) Average Hours Actually Worked · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 21

Ⅱ . Lifelong Vocational Education

& Industry-Academia Collaboration

1. Secondary Vocational Education

1) Number of Vocational High Schools, Students and Teachers

· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 25 2) Number of Vocational High Schools, Students and Teachers

by Field · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 26

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Level Vocational Education Institutions · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 29 5) Proportion of Specialized High Schools among High Schools

· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 30 6) Meister Schools · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 31 7) Teachers in Meister Schools(2012) · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 31 8) Majors, Classes, and Students in Meister Schools(2013) · · 32 9) General High School Students’ Participation in Vocational

Education Courses · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 33 10) High School Dropout Rate by School Type(2012) · · · · · · · · · · · · 35 11) Career Path after Graduation from High-School Level

Vocational Education Institutions · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 36 12) Employment Status of Meister School Graduates(1st and 2nd)

(Feb 2013) · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 37 13) Vocational High School Graduates Entering Higher Education

· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 37 14) University Freshmen by High School Type(2013) · · · · · · · · · · · · · 38 15) Employment Path and Relevance of Major in Employment

after Graduation from High School Level Vocational

Education Institutions · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 39 16) Types of Occupation after Graduation from High-School

Level Vocational Education Institutions · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 40

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2. Higher Vocational Education

1) Number of Junior Colleges · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 41 2) Number of Students Enrolled in Junior Colleges · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 42 3) Number of Students Enrolled in Junior Colleges by

Field · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 43 4) Number of Junior College Entrants · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 44 5) Average Enrollment Rate for Junior Colleges(2009-2013) · · 45 6) Student Recruitment for Junior Colleges · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 46 7) Educational Conditions of Institutions Offering Junior

College Courses(2013) · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 47 8) Age Distribution of Students Admitted to Junior Colleges · · 48 9) Age Distribution of Students Enrolled in Junior Colleges · · 48 10) Age Distribution of Students Enrolled in Junior Colleges

by School Type(2013) · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 49 11) Implementation of Educational Consignment Programs

in Junior Colleges · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 50 12) Number of Junior College Faculty Members by Type of

Establishment · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 51 13) Female Junior College Faculty Members · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 51 14) Number of Students per Full-time Lecturer · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 52 15) Junior College Courses by Course Size · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 52 16) Proportions of Lectures Given by Full Time/Part Time

Lecturers in Junior Colleges · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 53

17) Average Junior College Tuition Fee · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 53

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21) Employment of Graduates from Higher Education

Institutions(2013) · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 55

3. Lifelong Vocational Education

1) General Outlook for Lifelong Education(2007-2012) · · · · · · · · · 56 2) Status of Lifelong Education(2012) · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 56 3) Types of Lifelong Education Institutions(2007-2012) · · · · · · · · · 57 4) Characteristics of Lifelong Education Institutions(2012) · · · · · · 58 5) Lifelong Education Programs by Theme(2012) · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 59 6) Lifelong Education Participation Rate(2012) · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 60 7) Job-Related Non-Formal Education Participation Rate(2012)

· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 61 8) Lifelong Education Participation Hours(2012) · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 62 9) Main Obstacles to Participation in Lifelong Education(2012)

· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 63 10) International Comparison regarding Hours of Participation

in Job-Related Non-Formal Education(2012) · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 64 11) International Comparison of PIAAC · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 65

4. Industry-Academia Collaboration

1) Operation of Contract Based Departments · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 69

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2) Technical Colleges and Corporate Universities · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 69 3) Staff involved in Industry-Academia Collaboration Groups

by Employer · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 70 4) Business Startup Support · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 71 5) Outcome of the LINC(Leaders in Industry - University

Cooperation) Program after the 1st Year · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 72 6) Outcome of the LINC(Leaders in Industry - Junior College

Cooperation) Program after the 1st Year · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 73 7) Technology Transfer Revenue and Contracts Signed by

Industry-Academia Collaboration Groups · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 74 8) Operating Profit of Industry-Academia Collaboration Groups · 75 9) Industrial Perspective University Evaluation · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 76

Ⅲ. Vocational Education & Training(VET)

1. VET Participation

1) Proportion of Paid Workers with VET Experience by Demographics · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 79 2) Total Annual VET Hours of Paid Workers by Demographics ·· 80 3) VET Participation Ratio of the Population Aged over 15

by Demographics and by Region · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 81 4) Average Monthly VET Expenditure per Worker by

Company Size · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 82

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2) VET Projects for the Employed by Year · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 85 3) Employer-Sponsored Participation in VET by Business Size · 86 4) Employer-Sponsored Participation in VET by Gender,

Age, and Years of Service · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 87 5) Vocational Training for the Unemployed by Year · · · · · · · · · · · · · 88 6) Participation in VET for Key National Strategic Industries

by Demographics and Industry Type · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 89 7) Participation in VET for Key National Strategic Industries

by Gender, Age and Educational Attainment for 2011 · · · · 90 8) Employment Rate after VET for Key National Strategic

Industries by Field of Training · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 91 9) Monthly Account Opening Trends for Skills Development

Account Program · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 92 10) Participants in the Skills Development Account System

by Gender, Age, and Education for 2011 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 93 11) Trainees in the Skills Development Account System by

Gender, Age, and Education for 2011 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 94 12) Training Participation Rate in the Skills Development

Account System by Demographics and Region for 2011 ·· 95 13) Employment Rate of the Account System Participants by

Demographics for 2011 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 97

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14) Eligible Training Program List Review Results under Skills Development Account System · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 99 15) Eligible Training Program List Review Results under Skills

Development Account System by KECO sub-category ·· 100 16) Organizations Participating in Vocational Training · · · · · · · · · · · 101

3. Miscellaneous

1) Status of National, Public, and Private Employment

Security Offices · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 102 2) Job Placement by Type of Employment Security Office · 103 3) International Comparison of Public Spending on VET

Relative to GDP · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 104

Ⅳ. Career Education

1) Career Education Investment per Student · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 107

2) Career Counselor Deployment · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 108

3) Career Counselor Pool · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 108

4) Career Activity Room Installation · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 109

5) Career and Vocational Curriculum · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 110

6) Career Experience Activities · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 111

7) Career Experience Programs · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 112

8) Career Camp Activities · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 113

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12) Satisfaction with Career Education Support by Regional Office of Education · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 116 13) Satisfaction with Career Education Policy · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 118

Ⅴ. Qualification

1. National Technical Qualifications

1) Qualifications in Korea · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 123 2) National Technical Qualifications: Qualifications by

Competent Ministry · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 124 3) National Technical Qualifications: Qualifications by Job Type · 126 4) Applicants for National Technical Qualifications · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 127 5) National Technical Qualifications Acquired · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 128 6) National Technical Qualifications Acquired by Gender

and by Year · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 129 7) National Technical Qualifications Acquired by Specialized

High School Students by Field · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 130 8) National Technical Qualifications Acquired by Junior

College Students by Field · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 131

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2. Private Qualifications and Development of National Competency Standards

1) Registered Private Qualifications by Year · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 132 2) Accumulated Number of Authorized Private Qualifications

by Year · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 132 3) Development of National Competency Standards(by section)

· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 133

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Ⅰ . Employment

1. Participation in Economic Activities

2. Employed and Unemployed Population

3. Economically Active Youth Population

4. Wage

5. International Comparison of

Labor Market

(43)

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3

.IEmployment

Ⅰ. Employment > 1. Participation in Economic Activities

1. Participation in Economic Activities

1) Economically Active Population by Gender

(Unit: thousand people, %)

Year

Population Aged 15 and Over

Economically Active Population

Labor Force Participation Rate

Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female

1990 30,887 14,907 15,980 18,539 11,030 7,509 60.0 74.0 47.0 2000 36,186 17,522 18,664 22,134 13,034 9,101 61.2 74.4 48.8 2001 36,579 17,720 18,859 22,471 13,172 9,299 61.4 74.3 49.3 2002 36,963 17,921 19,042 22,921 13,435 9,486 62.0 75.0 49.8 2003 37,340 18,119 19,220 22,957 13,539 9,418 61.5 74.7 49.0 2004 37,717 18,312 19,405 23,417 13,727 9,690 62.1 75.0 49.9 2005 38,300 18,616 19,683 23,743 13,883 9,860 62.0 74.6 50.1 2006 38,762 18,863 19,899 23,978 13,978 10,001 61.9 74.1 50.3 2007 39,170 19,084 20,086 24,216 14,124 10,092 61.8 74.0 50.2 2008 39,598 19,324 20,273 24,347 14,208 10,139 61.5 73.5 50.0 2009 40,092 19,596 20,496 24,395 14,319 10,076 60.8 73.1 49.2 2010 40,590 19,849 20,748 24,748 14,492 10,256 61.0 73.0 49.4 2011 41,052 20,076 20,976 25,099 14,683 10,416 61.1 73.1 49.7 2012 41,582 20,328 21,254 25,501 14,891 10,609 61.3 73.3 49.9 Note: 1) Data for the period between January 1991 and December 2002 changed in January 2003 due to

changes in population projections based on the 2000 National Census and application of multipliers to each age group.

2) Until January 2003, all employment statistics data were rounded to the nearest 100; since then, they are rounded to the nearest 10.

3) Until 1999, a ‘job-seeking period of 1 week’ was applied. Effective 2000, a ‘job-seeking period of 4 weeks’ is now applied.

4) Among the population aged 15 and over, soldiers, riot-police, compulsory public service workers, and prisoners serving jail sentences are excluded.

5) Labor Force Participation Rate = (Economically active population/population aged 15 and over)×100.

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2) Labor Force Participation Rate by Age

(Unit: %)

Year Total Aged

15~19 Aged 20~24

Aged 25~29

Aged 30~39

Aged 40~49

Aged 50~59

Aged 60~64

Aged 65 Over

1990 60.0 14.6 62.8 67.3 75.6 78.8 72.4 53.8 26.1

1995 61.9 12.0 63.1 69.1 75.6 80.0 71.8 58.4 27.9

2000 61.2 12.0 57.7 70.3 75.2 79.2 68.7 54.3 29.6 2001 61.4 11.7 57.3 71.0 75.1 78.9 68.7 54.8 30.0 2002 62.0 10.7 58.2 71.9 75.2 79.0 69.5 55.9 30.7 2003 61.5 9.9 57.3 72.0 74.9 78.6 69.1 52.7 28.7 2004 62.1 9.8 58.3 73.3 74.9 79.1 69.4 53.7 29.8 2005 62.0 9.1 57.2 73.6 74.8 79.1 69.9 54.5 30.0 2006 61.9 7.5 54.6 73.2 75.5 79.5 70.1 55.8 30.5

2007 61.8 7.3 52.6 73.0 75.3 79.9 71.2 56.3 31.3

2008 61.5 6.5 50.1 72.9 75.2 80.1 72.0 55.1 30.6

2009 60.8 6.2 49.2 72.7 74.0 79.6 72.1 55.1 30.1

2010 61.0 7.0 48.9 73.3 74.6 79.8 72.7 55.5 29.4

2011 61.1 7.6 48.0 74.6 74.7 80.1 73.1 56.9 29.5

2012 61.3 7.7 48.9 74.1 75.0 80.0 73.8 57.8 30.7

Note: 1) Data for the period between January 1991 and December 2002 changed in January 2003 due to changes in population projections based on the 2000 National Census and application of multipliers to each age group.

2) Until 1999, a ‘job-seeking period of 1 week’ was applied. Effective 2000, a ‘job-seeking period of 4 weeks’ is now applied.

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5

.IEmployment

Ⅰ. Employment > 1. Participation in Economic Activities

3) Labor Force Participation Rate by Educational Level

(Unit: %)

Year Total

Elementary School Graduates

& Under

Middle School Graduates

High School Graduates

College, University Graduates

& Over

Junior College Graduates

University Graduates

& Over

2000 61.2 50.4 47.8 64.7 77.4 77.6 77.2

2001 61.4 49.5 48.1 64.8 77.6 78.1 77.4

2002 62.0 48.9 48.7 65.4 78.0 79.0 77.5

2003 61.5 46.2 46.4 64.8 77.8 79.1 77.3

2004 62.1 45.6 46.6 65.8 77.9 78.3 77.7

2005 62.0 44.7 46.0 65.7 77.9 78.1 77.7

2006 61.9 44.0 45.1 65.4 78.1 78.7 77.8

2007 61.8 44.0 43.4 65.2 78.1 79.5 77.5

2008 61.5 43.3 41.9 64.7 77.6 78.4 77.2

2009 60.8 42.1 40.9 63.7 77.1 77.9 76.8

2010 61.0 40.7 40.9 64.1 77.3 77.6 77.1

2011 61.1 39.6 41.5 63.9 77.6 77.1 77.8

2012 61.3 39.7 41.0 63.6 77.8 77.5 77.9

Note: 1) Effective 2000, a job-seeking period of 4 weeks is now applied.

2) Data for the period between January 1991 and December 2002 changed in January 2003 due to changes in population projections based on the National Census 2000 and application of multipliers to each age group.

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2. Employed and Unemployed Population

1) Composition of Employment by Industry

(Unit: %)

Year Agri.

Forestry

& Fishing

Mining & Quarrying SOC & Other Services

Manufac- turing

Construc- tion

Wholesale &

Retail Trade, Restaurants

& Hotels

Electricity, Transport, Storage &

Finance

Business, Personal, Public Services &

Other

2004 8.1 18.6 18.5 73.3 8.1 26.0 11.3 28.0

2005 7.9 18.1 18.1 73.9 7.9 25.4 11.5 29.1

2006 7.7 17.6 17.5 74.7 7.9 24.9 11.7 30.2

2007 7.4 17.2 17.1 75.4 7.9 24.4 11.8 31.3

2008 7.2 16.9 16.8 75.9 7.7 24.1 11.8 32.4

2009 7.0 16.4 16.3 76.6 7.3 23.6 11.7 34.0

2010 6.6 17.0 16.9 76.4 7.4 23.0 11.9 34.2

2011 6.4 16.9 16.9 76.7 7.2 22.7 12.2 34.6

2012 6.2 16.7 - 77.1 7.2 22.7 12.1 34.8

Note: 1) Classified pursuant to the 9th Amendment (2008) of the Korea Standard Classification of Industries.

2) In January 2003, data up to December 2002 was changed due to amendments in population estimates based on the 2000 National Census and the application of multipliers to each age group.

3) Composition of employment for the Economically Active Population aged 15 and over.

Source: Economically Active Population Yearbook(each year), Statistics Korea.

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7

.IEmployment

Ⅰ. Employment > 2. Employed and Unemployed Population

2) Population Growth Rates

(Unit: %)

Year Total Aged

15~19 Aged 20~24

Aged 25~29

Aged 30~39

Aged 40~49

Aged 50~59

Aged 60~64

Aged 65 Over

2000 58.5 10.3 52.0 66.1 72.5 76.4 66.5 53.0 29.4

2001 59.0 10.1 52.0 66.7 72.7 76.6 66.8 53.7 29.9

2002 60.0 9.4 53.6 67.7 73.0 77.4 68.2 55.0 30.5

2003 59.3 8.6 51.8 67.5 72.6 76.9 67.6 51.8 28.6

2004 59.8 8.4 52.5 68.5 72.6 77.3 67.8 52.7 29.6

2005 59.7 8.0 51.6 68.9 72.3 77.1 68.1 53.4 29.8

2006 59.7 6.7 49.2 68.5 73.2 77.7 68.5 54.5 30.3

2007 59.8 6.6 48.0 68.4 72.9 78.3 69.7 55.0 31.1

2008 59.5 5.9 45.5 68.5 72.9 78.4 70.6 54.1 30.3

2009 58.6 5.4 44.6 67.5 71.3 77.7 70.3 53.8 29.7

2010 58.7 6.1 44.3 68.2 72.0 77.8 70.9 53.7 28.7

2011 59.1 6.8 43.5 69.7 72.2 78.4 71.6 55.1 28.9

2012 59.4 7.0 44.5 69.2 72.7 78.3 72.2 56.1 30.1

Note: 1) Data for the period between January 1991 and December 2002 changed in January 2003 due to changes in population projections based on the 2000 National Census and the application of multipliers to each age group.

3) Total Fertility Rate

3) Discouraged Workers

(Unit: thousand people, %) Year 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Total 117 69 90 100 125 122 108 119 162 220 211 196

Growth

Rate ^-29.1 ^-41.0 ^29.9 ^11.7 ^24.7 ^-2.6 ^-11.1 ^9.7 ^36.6 ^36.0 ^-4.18 ^-7.11

Male 70 43 52 54 71 75 69 71 99 132 129 116

Female 48 27 38 47 54 46 39 47 63 88 82 79

Note: 1) Discouraged workers: Economically inactive individuals with the intention and ability to find a job, engaged in job seeking activities within the past year, but who chose not to find one for reasons related to the labor market.

2) Growth rate: Compared with the previous year.

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4) Unemployment Rate by Educational Attainment

(Unit: %)

Year Total

Elementary School Graduates

& Under

Middle School Graduates

High School Graduates

College, University Graduates

& Over

Junior College Graduates

University Graduates

& Over

1990 2.4 0.7 1.8 3.4 4.4 4.5 4.4

1995 2.1 0.8 1.6 2.5 2.8 4.1 2.3

2000 4.4 2.7 4.6 5.1 4.2 6.3 3.3

2001 4.0 2.2 4.0 4.6 4.0 5.7 3.3

2002 3.3 1.6 3.0 3.7 3.7 4.9 3.0

2003 3.6 1.5 3.0 4.3 3.6 5.1 3.0

2004 3.7 1.9 3.3 4.5 3.5 4.7 2.9

2005 3.7 2.1 3.3 4.6 3.4 4.9 2.7

2006 3.5 1.8 3.0 4.1 3.4 4.3 2.9

2007 3.2 1.6 2.8 3.8 3.2 4.5 2.6

2008 3.2 1.7 2.8 3.8 3.0 3.7 2.7

2009 3.6 1.9 3.2 4.4 3.5 4.3 3.1

2010 3.7 2.5 3.5 4.2 3.6 4.6 3.1

2011 3.4 2.1 3.3 4.0 3.2 4.2 2.8

2012 3.2 2.2 2.9 3.6 2.9 3.7 3.2

Note: 1) Unemployment rate = (Number of unemployed/economically active population)×100.

2) Prior to 2000, a ‘job-seeking period of 1 week’ was applied. Effective 2000, a ‘job-seeking period of 4 weeks’ is now applied.

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9

.IEmployment

Ⅰ. Employment > 3. Economically Active Youth Population

3. Economically Active Youth Population

1) Trends in the Economically Active Youth Population

Year Youth Population

Economically Active Population Economically Inactive Population

Labor Force Participation

Rate

Unemploy- ment Rate

Employ- ment Total Employed Unemployed Rate

2000 11,243 5,308 4,879 430 5,934 47.2 8.1 43.4

2001 10,952 5,227 4,815 413 5,725 47.7 7.9 44.0

2002 10,651 5,160 4,799 361 5,491 48.4 7.0 45.1

2003 10,368 5,007 4,606 401 5,361 48.3 8.0 44.4

2004 10,141 4,990 4,578 412 5,151 49.2 8.3 45.1

2005 9,920 4,836 4,450 387 5,084 48.8 8.0 44.9

2006 9,843 4,634 4,270 364 5,209 47.1 7.9 43.4

2007 9,855 4,530 4,202 328 5,325 46.0 7.2 42.6

2008 9,822 4,398 4,084 315 5,423 44.8 7.2 41.6

2009 9,780 4,304 3,957 347 5,477 44.0 8.1 40.5

2010 9,705 4,222 3,914 340 5,484 43.5 8.0 40.3

2011 9,589 4,164 3,879 285 5,425 43.4 6.9 40.5

2012 9,517 4,156 3,843 313 5,361 43.7 7.5 40.4

Note: 1) Youth population indicates people aged 15-29.

2) Among the youth population, soldiers, riot-police, compulsory public service workers, and prisoners serving jail sentences are excluded.

3) A job-seeking period of 4 weeks is applied.

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2) Additional Survey on the Economically Active Youth Population

Year

Youth Population Grad/Drop- out (Enrolled/

Absentees)

Economically Active Population

Economically Inactive Population

Labor Force Participation

Rate

Unemployment Total Employed Unemployed Rate

2004. 5 5,627

(453) 4,286

(719) 3,938

(659) 348

(59) 1,341

(3,812) 76.2

(15.9) 8.1

(8.2) 2005. 5 5,392

(4,529)

4,119 (738)

3,796 (701)

323 (37)

1,273 (3,791)

76.4 (16.3)

7.8 (5.0) 2006. 5 5,161

(4,672) 3,907

(714) 3,618

(673) 289

(41) 1,254

(3,958) 75.7

(15.3) 7.4

(5.7) 2007. 5 5,035

(4,821) 3,813

(727) 3,537

(685) 276

(42) 1,223

(4,094) 75.7

(15.1) 7.2

(5.8) 2008. 5 4,975

(4,838) 3,737

(724) 3,471

(683) 265

(41) 1,239

(4,113) 75.1

(15.0) 7.1

(5.7) 2009. 5 4,819

(4,963) 3,634

(742) 3,349

(693) 285

(48) 1,185

(4,222) 69.5

(14.0) 7.8

(6.5) 2010. 5 4,728

(4,987) 3,564

(736) 3,327

(699) 237

(37) 1,165

(4,251) 70.4

(14.0) 6.6

(5.1) 2011. 5 4,615

(4,997) 4,240 3,929 310 5,374 43.8 7.3

2012. 5 4,544

(4,964) 4,252 3,910 342 5,259 44.7 8.0

2013. 5 4,482

(5,067) 4,133 3,826 307 5,417 43.3 7.4

Note: 1) ( ): indicates the number of enrolled students and those taking a gap year.

2) Data subjects are those aged 15-29 from approximately 33,000 sample households across the country. The data collection date is May of each year.

Source: Additional Survey on Economically Active Population(each year), Statistics Korea.

3) Total and Youth Unemployment Rates

(Unit: thousand, people, %) 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Youth

Population (Aged 15~29)

Unemployed (Rate)

430.0 (8.1)

413.0 (7.9)

361.0 (7.0)

400.7 (8.0)

411.7 (8.3)

386.6 (8.0)

364.2 (7.9)

327.6 (7.2)

314.5 (7.2)

347.3 (8.1)

339.7 (8.0)

320.2 (7.6)

313.3 (7.5) Job-Seeking

Period 2.7 2.7 2.9 2.5 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.5

Total Population (Aged 15 and Over)

Unemployed (Rate)

979.0 (4.4) 899.0

(4.0) 752.0 (3.3) 817.7

(3.6) 859.9 (3.7) 886.7

(3.7) 827.3 (3.5) 783.0

(3.2) 769.3 (3.2) 888.7

(3.6) 919.6 (3.7) 854.7

(3.4) 819.9 (3.2) Job-Seeking

Period 3.0 2.9 3.0 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.5

Note: 1) Unemployment rate = (Unemployed/economically active population) ×100.

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11

.IEmployment

Ⅰ. Employment > 3. Economically Active Youth Population

4) International Comparison of Youth Unemployment Rate(2013)

(Unit: percentage)

Rank Nation Rate Rank Nation Rate

1 Qatar 0.50 31 Czech Republic 6.98

2 Thailand 0.66 32 Philippines 7.00

3 Singapore 2.00 33 Canada 7.24

4 Malaysia 3.00 34 Belgium 7.30

5 Korea 3.20 35 Ukraine 7.50

5 Norway 3.20 36 Finland 7.69

7 Hong Kong 3.30 37 Denmark 7.70

8 Peru 3.41 38 Venezuela 7.80

9 India 4.00 39 UK 7.89

10 China 4.10 40 Sweden 7.97

11 Switzerland 4.19 41 USA 8.07

12 Taiwan 4.24 41 Slovenia 9.00

13 Austria 4.30 43 Turkey 9.20

13 Japan 4.30 44 Poland 10.11

15 Arab Emirates 4.43 45 Estonia 10.20

16 Mexico 4.95 46 France 10.25

17 Luxembourg 5.10 46 Colombia 10.37

18 Australia 5.23 48 Italy 10.70

19 Netherlands 5.28 49 Hungary 10.93

20 Kazakhstan 5.30 50 Jordan 12.20

21 Brazil 5.50 51 Bulgaria 12.30

21 Germany 5.50 52 Lithuania 13.20

21 Russia 5.50 53 Slovakia 13.90

24 Iceland 5.80 54 Ireland 14.80

25 Indonesia 6.14 55 Latvia 15.20

26 Chile 6.50 56 Portugal 15.40

27 Rumania 6.80 57 Croatia 15.67

28 Argentina 6.90 58 Greece 24.30

28 Israel 6.90 59 South Africa 24.90

28 New Zealand 6.90 60 Spain 25.00

Note: Ranking of national competitiveness in the Youth Unemployment Rate among 60 industrialized countries and newly industrialized countries that the IMD publishes each year.

Source: World Competitiveness Yearbook, IMD(2012).

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4. Wage

1) Wages by Industry and Gender(companies with 5 or more employees)

(Unit: won)

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Total

Total 1,887,507 2,014,265 2,127,430 2,258,684 2,270,303 2,360,466 2,454,269 2,566,585 Male 2,108,732 2,249,024 2,380,637 2,527,490 2,546,113 2,648,052 2,749,950 2,878,121 Female 1,395,979 1,496,631 1,581,625 1,681,358 1,692,533 1,771,724 1,861,940 1,958,161 Agri. Forestry &

Fishing

Total 4,220,621 4,459,003 4,403,571 4,350,179 2,331,717 2,482,856 2,509,483 2,583,971 Male 4,514,060 4,780,669 4,677,591 4,753,973 2,501,628 2,676,664 2,703,022 2,796,681 Female 2,487,633 2,576,220 2,888,930 2,948,432 1,596,100 1,631,110 1,730,797 1,776,407 Mining &

Quarrying

Total 1,957,925 2,126,503 2,373,650 2,422,808 2,472,126 2,620,812 2,745,430 2,803,346 Male 2,020,732 2,196,182 2,444,989 2,528,635 2,540,304 2,695,646 2,823,288 2,882,757 Female 1,249,361 1,311,945 1,555,418 1,624,267 1,708,094 1,752,587 1,846,688 1,913,651 Manufacturing

Total 1,825,079 1,934,598 2,048,577 2,168,286 2,162,857 2,274,189 2,352,320 2,502,937 Male 2,044,292 2,156,529 2,275,126 2,396,920 2,380,222 2,491,680 2,574,966 2,734,403 Female 1,253,201 1,336,998 1,413,773 1,504,460 1,505,057 1,615,354 1,678,445 1,801,833 Electricity,

Gas & Water Supply

Total 3,014,760 3,161,517 3,224,816 3,360,076 3,442,912 3,598,365 3,716,536 3,873,138 Male 3,200,819 3,340,590 3,402,166 3,556,723 3,627,197 3,795,582 3,875,248 4,048,143 Female 1,708,432 1,752,741 1,765,810 1,873,189 1,967,818 2,131,382 2,362,398 2,641,272 Sewerage, Waste

Management, Materials Recovery and

Nature Restoration

Total - - - - 2,174,677 2,263,887 2,306,113 2,399,968

Male - - - - 2,265,940 2,364,889 2,408,203 2,528,693

Female - - - - 1,602,275 1,624,605 1,663,248 1,662,280

Construction

Total 1,861,683 2,015,503 2,082,762 2,277,048 2,288,780 2,418,155 2,536,326 2,636,362 Male 1,952,567 2,120,207 2,198,392 2,381,217 2,392,382 2,533,510 2,659,809 2,752,518 Female 1,307,844 1,379,274 1,412,183 1,523,964 1,585,308 1,663,970 1,733,035 1,877,915 Wholesale &

Retail Trade

Total 1,914,566 2,069,412 2,113,041 2,201,442 2,216,013 2,338,534 2,389,012 2,480,671 Male 2,154,493 2,335,058 2,352,990 2,466,992 2,537,796 2,674,271 2,714,639 2,823,669 Female 1,421,289 1,521,166 1,631,275 1,680,881 1,663,153 1,745,732 1,832,748 1,885,313 Restaurants &

Hotels

Total 1,397,659 1,476,304 1,491,288 1,580,494 1,564,053 2,039,721 1,653,204 1,704,990 Male 1,638,924 1,730,140 1,748,680 1,836,455 1,836,779 2,078,942 1,928,307 1,954,193 Female 1,220,695 1,285,128 1,295,137 1,367,990 1,336,548 1,738,893 1,429,259 1,506,101 Transport

Total 1,739,229 1,840,351 1,921,615 1,989,217 1,958,458 1,582,149 2,195,364 2,355,886 Male 1,788,677 1,889,707 1,979,390 2,076,891 1,998,607 1,871,197 2,241,487 2,405,622 Female 1,404,924 1,514,592 1,586,473 1,654,884 1,654,990 1,347,625 1,907,132 2,057,183 Communication

Total 2,679,501 2,828,279 2,940,548 3,156,207 2,942,245 3,058,420 3,171,253 3,196,519 Male 2,863,570 3,028,657 3,120,806 3,351,726 3,218,648 3,329,912 3,426,756 3,448,376 Female 2,086,876 2,205,867 2,344,217 2,490,334 2,167,410 2,282,845 2,440,641 2,482,841

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13

.IEmployment

Ⅰ. Employment > 4. Wage

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Finance &

Insurance

Total 2,484,854 2,626,740 2,884,825 2,981,458 3,011,369 3,135,809 3,344,165 3,515,045 Male 2,905,855 3,080,712 3,396,750 3,539,374 3,528,460 3,602,692 3,775,897 3,946,157 Female 1,812,531 1,908,808 2,067,647 2,184,345 2,259,731 2,345,102 2,600,707 2,772,870 Real Estate &

Renting

Total 1,310,575 1,444,347 1,691,479 1,734,427 1,728,515 1,733,428 1,832,013 1,871,150 Male 1,385,004 1,527,063 1,827,905 1,874,107 1,859,141 1,883,298 1,992,494 2,038,848 Female 1,048,803 1,161,383 1,237,418 1,325,614 1,319,693 1,325,334 1,366,970 1,426,433 Professional,

Scientific and Technical Activities

Total 2,022,746 2,141,988 2,288,671 2,491,092 2,943,906 2,974,301 3,119,304 3,305,801 Male 2,283,479 2,436,218 2,594,371 2,831,718 3,262,403 3,291,076 3,459,876 3,638,733 Female 1,424,426 1,501,344 1,667,950 1,758,793 2,094,474 2,140,428 2,213,617 2,441,142 Business Facilities

Management and Business Support

Total - - - - 2,025,577 2,055,447 2,094,669 2,086,334

Male - - - - 2,379,160 2,390,773 2,402,504 2,378,905

Female - - - - 1,561,388 1,653,355 1,714,351 1,747,827

Education Service

Total 2,130,897 2,325,596 2,519,578 2,632,810 2,707,307 2,775,763 2,980,749 2,991,018 Male 2,512,303 2,785,724 3,107,323 3,272,527 3,394,967 3,503,708 3,680,714 3,682,145 Female 1,693,548 1,836,951 1,907,107 1,977,076 1,946,008 2,008,232 2,262,362 2,311,169 Human health

and Social Work Activities

Total 1,808,065 1,900,792 1,923,960 2,045,681 2,008,572 2,100,794 2,125,276 2,266,650 Male 2,555,576 2,685,698 2,742,083 2,961,078 2,943,879 3,124,120 3,159,651 3,422,044 Female 1,499,473 1,603,489 1,630,278 1,715,691 1,716,403 1,800,030 1,833,623 1,942,987 Arts, Sports and

Recreation Related Services

Total 2,015,291 2,146,555 2,279,033 2,396,875 1,957,047 2,014,134 2,130,829 2,208,812 Male 2,316,254 2,451,877 2,590,349 2,707,090 2,372,171 2,394,530 2,458,372 2,551,484 Female 1,418,414 1,554,501 1,652,906 1,724,631 1,477,968 1,513,838 1,667,620 1,757,890 Membership

Organizations, Repair and other Personal Services

Total 1,729,690 1,834,091 1,870,830 1,976,700 1,904,387 1,920,648 1,992,047 2,038,667 Male 1,907,484 2,011,572 2,062,097 2,148,993 2,104,950 2,138,474 2,234,949 2,364,290 Female 1,245,245 1,314,626 1,346,764 1,478,892 1,438,915 1,456,950 1,457,101 1,465,314 Note: Division of 1 and 2 follows occupational classifications.

*Prior to 2008, industrial classifications were based on the 8th amendment of the Korea Standard Classification of Occupation. Effective 2009, they comply with the 9th amendment of the Korea Standard Classification of Occupation.

*Wages indicate monthly wages, these do not include special wages (annual special wage/12) which are added when calculating the total average monthly wage (monthly wage + annual special wage /12).

*This data cannot be used as statistical data for wages of non-paid workers or the self-employed, as the survey only included paid-workers.

Source: Survey Report on Labor Conditions By Employment Type <former Basic Statistical Survey on Wage Structure>(each year), Ministry of Employment and Labor.

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2) Labor Productivity Index

(Unit: 2005=100, %)

Year

All Industries Mining Manufacturing Electricity, Gas &

Water Index¹⁾ Growth

Rate²⁾ Index¹⁾ Growth

Rate²⁾ Index¹⁾ Growth Rate²⁾

2000 73.7 - 86.8 - 73.9 - 70.8 -

2001 71.9 -2.4 93.4 7.6 71.7 -3.0 70.7 -0.1

2002 79.2 10.2 92.3 -1.2 79.1 10.3 78.2 10.6

2003 84.6 6.8 98.6 6.8 84.5 6.8 85.4 9.2

2004 93.1 10.0 108.8 10.3 93.1 10.2 91.2 6.8

2005³⁾ 100.0 7.4 100.0 -8.1 100.0 7.4 100.0 9.6

2006 111.6 11.6 92.7 -7.3 112.0 12.0 103.5 3.5

2007 119.3 6.9 99.9 7.8 119.9 7.1 106.2 2.6

2008 120.7 1.2 76.1 -23.8 121.2 1.1 112.6 6.0

(Unit: 2010=100, %)

Year

All Industries Mining Manufacturing Electricity, Gas &

Water Index¹⁾ Growth

Rate²⁾ Index¹⁾ Growth

Rate²⁾ Index¹⁾ Growth Rate²⁾

2008 88.3 - 87.7 - 88.3 - 87.0 -

2009 90.8 2.8 100.5 14.6 90.8 2.8 89.0 2.3

2010⁴⁾ 100.0 10.1 100.0 -0.5 100.0 10.1 100.0 12.4

2011 102.6 2.6 107.2 7.2 102.5 2.5 104.6 4.6

2012 103.6 1.0 103.2 -3.7 103.5 1.0 105.8 1.1

Note: 1) Labor productivity index for regular employees.

2) The growth rate indicates changes in the index compared to the previous year.

3) For 2000-2008, the base of 2005 = 100 was used for firms with 5 or more regular employees.

4) Effective 2008, the base of 2005 = 100 is used for the entire industry.

5) Labor productivity index = (Output index/Labor input index)×100.

Source: Labor Productivity Index(each year), Korean Statistical Information Service.

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15

.IEmployment

Ⅰ. Employment > 5. International Comparison of Labor Market

5. International Comparison of Labor Market

1) Employment Rates: Total

(Unit: Employment rate for the population aged 15-64, %) 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Australia 69.3 69.0 69.4 70.0 70.3 71.5 72.2 72.9 73.2 72.0 72.4 72.7

Austria 68.3 68.2 68.8 68.9 67.8 68.6 70.2 71.4 72.1 71.6 71.7 72.1

Belgium 60.9 59.7 59.9 59.6 60.3 61.1 61.0 62.0 62.4 61.6 62.0 61.9

Canada 70.9 70.8 71.4 72.2 72.5 72.4 72.8 73.5 73.6 71.5 71.5 72.0

Czech Republic 65.2 65.3 65.7 64.9 64.2 64.8 65.3 66.1 66.6 65.4 65.0 65.7

Denmark 76.4 75.9 75.9 75.1 75.7 75.9 77.4 77.1 77.9 75.7 73.4 73.1

Finland 67.5 68.3 68.3 67.9 67.8 68.5 69.6 70.5 71.3 68.4 68.3 69.2

France 61.7 62.7 62.9 64.0 63.7 63.7 63.7 64.3 64.9 64.1 64.0 63.8

Germany 65.6 65.8 65.3 64.6 65.0 65.5 67.2 69.0 70.2 70.4 71.2 72.6

Greece 55.9 55.6 57.5 58.7 59.4 60.1 61.0 61.4 61.9 61.2 59.6 55.6

Hungary 56.0 56.2 56.2 57.0 56.8 56.9 57.3 57.3 56.7 55.4 55.4 55.8

Iceland 84.6 84.6 82.8 84.1 82.8 84.4 85.3 85.7 84.2 78.9 78.9 79.0

Ireland 65.0 65.7 65.2 65.2 65.9 67.5 68.5 69.2 68.1 62.5 60.4 59.6

Italy 53.9 54.9 55.6 56.2 57.4 57.5 58.4 58.7 58.7 57.5 56.9 56.9

Japan 68.9 68.8 68.2 68.4 68.7 69.3 70.0 70.7 70.7 70.0 70.1 70.3

Korea 61.5 62.1 63.3 63.0 63.6 63.7 63.8 63.9 63.8 62.9 63.3 63.9

Luxembourg 62.7 63.0 63.6 62.2 62.5 63.6 63.6 64.2 63.4 65.2 65.2 64.6

Mexico 60.1 59.4 59.3 58.8 59.9 59.6 61.0 61.1 61.3 59.4 60.4 59.8

Netherlands 72.1 72.6 73.0 71.6 71.1 71.5 72.5 74.4 75.9 75.6 74.7 74.9 New Zealand 70.4 71.4 72.2 72.2 73.2 74.3 74.9 75.2 74.7 72.9 72.3 72.6

Norway 77.9 77.5 77.1 75.8 75.6 75.2 75.5 76.9 78.1 76.5 75.4 75.3

Poland 55.0 53.5 51.7 51.4 51.9 53.0 54.5 57.0 59.2 59.3 59.3 59.7

Portugal 68.3 68.9 68.7 68.0 67.8 67.5 67.9 67.8 68.2 66.3 65.6 64.2

Slovakia 56.8 56.9 56.9 57.7 57.0 57.7 59.4 60.7 62.3 60.2 58.8 59.5

Spain 57.4 58.8 59.5 60.7 62.0 64.3 65.7 66.6 65.3 60.6 59.4 58.5

Sweden 74.3 75.4 75.2 74.4 73.7 74.0 74.6 75.7 75.8 72.3 72.7 74.1

Switzerland 78.4 79.2 78.9 77.9 77.4 77.2 77.9 78.6 79.5 79.0 78.6 79.3

Turkey 48.9 47.8 46.7 45.5 44.1 44.4 44.6 44.6 44.9 44.3 46.3 48.4

UK 72.2 72.5 72.3 72.6 72.7 72.6 72.5 72.3 72.7 70.6 70.3 70.4 USA 74.1 73.1 71.9 71.2 71.2 71.5 72.0 71.8 70.9 67.6 66.7 66.6 OECD total 65.4 65.2 64.9 64.7 65.0 65.3 66.0 66.5 66.5 64.7 64.6 64.8

Brazil - 64.3 65.4 65.0 66.4 67.0 67.4 67.4 68.3 67.6 - -

Chile 53.3 52.7 52.6 53.5 53.6 54.4 55.5 56.3 57.3 56.1 59.3 61.3

Estonia 61.0 61.4 62.0 62.8 62.9 64.2 67.9 69.2 69.7 63.5 61.0 65.2

Israel 56.1 55.7 54.8 55.0 55.7 56.7 57.6 58.9 59.8 59.2 60.2 60.9

Russia 63.7 63.8 65.1 64.0 64.9 65.9 66.7 68.3 68.6 66.8 67.4 67.8

Slovenia - - 63.4 62.6 65.3 66.0 66.6 67.8 68.6 67.5 66.2 64.4

Source: Factbook 2013: Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics, OECD(2013).