PDF Light: Basic principles - Seoul National University

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(1)(2) (3) (4) (5)  Frequency (Hz).  Wavelength (m). 10 22. 10. h Photon energy (eV). h Photon energy (J) -RAYS. 13. 1MeV. 10. 6. 10 14. 1Å 1nm 1015 1014. 1THz. 1mm. 1MHz. 1kHz. 10 10 10 9. 10 6. 1keV. 10. X-RAYS. 3. ULTRAVIOLET 1eV. 10 100 101. 10 18 LIGHT 10 19 10 20 INFRARED. 1012. 1cm 1GHz. MICROSCOPIC SOURCE. 10. 9. 106. 103. 1m 1km. 10. MICROWAVES. 2. 21cm H line. 100. 106. 10. 10 2 103 105. UHF VHF TV. 1011. 27. Radar FM Radio Broadcast. RADIOFREQUENCY Power Lines. ARTTIFICIAL DETECTION GENERATION. Atomic nuclei. Geiger and scintillation. Accelerators. Inner electrons. Ionization chamber. X-ray tubes. Inner and Outer electrons Outer electrons Molecular vibrations and rotations Electron spin Nuclear spin. Photoelectric Photomultiplie r Eye Bolometer. Synchrotrons Lasers Arcs Sparks Lamps. Thermopile. Hot bodies. Crystal. Magnetron Klystron Travelling-wave tube. Electronic circuits. Electronic circuits. AC generators. (6) B 0 t D H  J t D   E . . B  0. D  E   o E  P H. B. m. . B. mo. M. . (7)  2E  2H 2  E  m 2  0,  H  m 2  0 t t 2. e.g. f ( x, t )  f ( x   x, t   t ).   ei (t kr ) , k   m. t  k  r  constant, v p  c. 1. m o o.  k. .  2.997930 108 m / s. 1. m. ,. (8) B E   0  n  (E 2  E1 )  0  t D H   J  n  ( H 2  H1 )  K  t  n  (D 2  D1 )    D   B  0. . n  (B 2  B1 )  0. . (9) q q. q q. q. q. ni sin q i  nt sin q t. . (10) 1.0. 1.0. 0.8 ni < nt ni = 1, nt = 1.5. 0.6. Reflectivity. Reflectivity. 0.8. P-Polarization S-Polarization. 0.4. ni > n t ni = 1.5, nt = 1. 0.6. P-Polarization S-Polarization. 0.4 0.2. 0.2. 0.0. 0.0 0. 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90. 0. 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Incident Angle qi [deg]. Incident Angle qi [deg]. nt q B  tan ( ) ni 1.  qi  qt  .  2. n ni. q c  sin 1 ( t )  ni  nt , q t  .  2. (11) D  E   o E  P.  nx2     o 0 0 . 0 n y2 0. 0  0 nz2 .  nx  n y  nz  Isotropic   nx  n y  nz  Uniaxial  n  n  n  Biaxial y z  x. (12) ni sin q i  nt sin q t. (13) . . ~. 1. 4. (14) (15) . (16)  2nd cos q  m. (17)