Publications include “The New Paradigm for Economic Reform: Development Theory and Practice for North Korea” (in. His research interests include NGO engagement in North Korea, North Korea's foreign relations, and multilateralism. Choi Jin -wook, “The Trust-building Process on the Korean Peninsula: A Paradigm Shift in Seoul's North Korea Policy,” International Journal of Korean Unification Studies, Vol.
In the process of resolving the North Korean problem and building peace on the Korean Peninsula, the R.O.K-U.S. One of the Park Board's core demands is that North Korea behaves in accordance with the 'global standard'. The Confidence Building Process on the Korean Peninsula: A Paradigm Shift in Seoul's North Korea Policy”, International Journal of Korean Unification Studies, Vol.
Human Rights in North Korea
Addressing the Challenges
UN Human Rights Council, Resolution on the situation of human rights in the DPRK, UN Doc. See UN General Assembly, Report of the Secretary-General on the Situation of Human Rights in the DPRK, UN Doc. Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the DPRK, MarzukiDarusman, UN Doc.
The appointment of the UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights in North Korea in 2004 came after President George W. See UN Commission on Human Rights, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in the DPRK, VititMuntarbhorn, UN Doc. Report of the UN Secretary General on the situation of human rights in the DPRK, doc.
See David Hawk, North Korea's Hidden Gulag: Interpreting Reports of Changes in Prison Camps (Washington, DC: Committee on Human Rights in North Korea, August p DPRK, MarzukiDarusman, UN Doc See General Assembly of the UN, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in the DPRK, Marzuki Darusman, UN Doc.
UN General Assembly, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the DPRK, VititMuntarbhorn, UN Doc. 3; and UN General Assembly, Report of the Secretary-General on the Situation of Human Rights in the DPRK, UN Doc. How are human rights in North Korea gradually improving in North Korea?” NKNews.org, 20 September 2013.
UN Commission on Human Rights, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in the DPRK.
Playing Blind-Man’s Buff
Estimating North Korea’s Cyber Capabilities
North Korea's growing cyber capabilities present the greatest likelihood of a cyber conflict in Asia. The document provides an overview of elements of North Korea's military that use cyber within their operations, and then breaks down the growing evidence base of what North Korea is accused of doing in the South. North Korea is the polar opposite of its neighbor, as one of the most disconnected nations in the world and does not have access to the same degree of advanced technology as the South.
Estimating the extent of North Korea's cyber capabilities It is difficult to provide exact figures on the number of personnel involved in North Korea's cyber activities. But the last and most prominent cyber organization is the General Staff Reconnaissance Bureau, North Korea's main intelligence agency. Mark Clayton, “In Cyber Arm Race, North Korea Emerges as a Power, Not an Invader,” The Christian Science Monitor, October 19, 2013, http://www.
This may have been a test of South Korea's preparedness to mitigate cyber attacks, possibly from North Korea or their sympathizers. This happened only a week after North Korea had threatened the newspaper and other media in the South over their reporting on the North. 31. Finally, this geo-location supports the likely theory that the attackers behind Kimsuky are based in North Korea.38.
There is no doubt that South Korea sees this increase in cooperation as a response to the threat from North Korea. Added to the unpredictability of the North Korean mentality is the unpredictability of actors in cyberspace.
Capacity Building at the Kaesong Industrial Complex
Implications for North Korea’s Economic Zones
Technology Guidance by Resident South Korean Workers
Knowledge sharing took place in the form of technology guidance aimed at improving the productivity of North Korean workers. During the initial process of establishing a production line after companies moved into the complex, long-term resident South Korean engineers conducted technology training for North Korean workers. Differences in productivity varied according to the interest the South Korean engineers showed in the training.
The workers' productivity and product quality improved when South Korean managers provided them with daily guidance; however, when this guidance was absent, the opposite occurred. When South Korean managers conducted training, they first modeled what needed to be done, taking into account the passive attitude of North Koreans towards the work. After receiving proactive training by South Korean managers, North Korean workers were able to improve their productivity because of their high understanding of the product they were making.
Meanwhile, North Korean workers' perceptions of individual South Korean leaders affected education and training. When this happened, and if the South Korean engineer was well prepared and gave good explanations, the effect of the training was improved. But if this was not the case, the effect of the training was less successful.
During the training process, the area that the South Korean engineers paid particular attention to was the content of the training texts. For example, during a computer skills class, the textbook in the course had a picture of a poster for the movie Double Agent. This became a problem and even led to the class being banned.
Use of North Korean Educators
One example of this was that several people were asking the engineer the same questions about the technology in question. Due to the ongoing ideological and political confrontation between North and South Korea, North Korean workers refused to continue training sessions if the textbook contained passages that were hostile or negative towards the North Korean government and state.
The Use of Overseas Engineers
Some companies sent their North Korean workers abroad for training, but after finding this to be ineffective, they instead brought foreign engineers to the complex for training. In general, South Korean companies reported that the training provided by Chinese engineers was very effective.
Overseas Training
Achievements
Limitations
Individual action was not allowed and North Korean workers had to meet in two or more South Korean managers. Implications for Future Special Economic Zones in North Korea North Korea's planned economic system is widely believed to be the cause of the country's inability to extricate its economy from chronic problems. The cases above show that although the freedom of North Korean workers is still limited, they are able to improve their productivity by sharing knowledge with South Korean businesses.
North Korean officials belonging to the General Office for the Guidance of the Development of Special Zones jointly observed special economic zones in China and Vietnam five times between 2005 and 2009 with South Korean officials. and successes in experimenting with a market-based economic law system and building independent legislative capacity are likely to spread to the rest of the country and play an important role in changing North Korea's overall legal system. In fact, the experience gained by North Korea in the complex has already influenced the development and legislative process for special economic zones in other areas.
Since the reopening of the KIC last September after being closed for several months, the South Korean government should establish a more systematic knowledge-sharing program to help build a modern legal system in North Korea and to developed the skills of North Korean administrators and managers. By transferring new knowledge and experience about the market economy system to North Korean society, the Kaesong Industrial Complex can help accelerate the country's reforms and opening up. However, North Korean authorities remain concerned that this joint economic project with South Korea will bring about changes that could weaken their regime.
Kaesong Industrial Complex Law and Regulatory System Research Group. The Development and Future of the Legal System in the Kaesong Complex. An Actual Study of Actual Labor Management Conditions in Enterprises in the Kaesong Industrial Complex.” Master's thesis, University of North Korean Studies, 2010.
Building Trust on the Margins of Inter-Korean Relations
Revitalizing the Role of South Korean NGOs
Jinwook Choi, “The Trust Building Process on the Korean Peninsula: A Paradigm Shift in Seoul's North Korea Policy,” International Journal of Korean Unification Studies, Vol. How can Seoul leverage South Korean civil society through its non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to begin building trust with North Korea in the short term? The third section looks at the experiences of NGO involvement in North Korea, in an attempt to gauge the extent to which South Korean NGOs can be involved in helping to promote a confidence-building process.
North Korea's military provocations and problems created due to the rigid nature of the political regime - EBF personnel were able to develop intimate relationships with North Korean professionals and authorities. Second, North Korea's rural population as a percentage of the total population is substantial,39 and should be included in North Korea's overall modernization process. For discussion, see Bernhard Seliger, "North Korea's Economic Development and External Relations - Engagement on the Margins: Capacity Building in North Korea," in Korea's Economy 2009, Vol.
Kihl-jae Ryoo, "Prospects of the Leadership Structure of North Korea in the Post-Kim Jong-il Era," Korea and World Affairs, Vol. Mark Manyin, "Food Crisis and North Korea's Aid Diplomacy," i Kyung-Ae Park, red., New Challenges of North Korean Foreign Policy (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010), s. Fødevarekrise og Nordkoreas bistandsdiplomati." I Kyung-Ae Park, red., New Challenges of North Korean Foreign Policy.
The Role of International Aid Organizations in North Korea's Development: Experiences and Prospects.” Asian Perspectives, Vol. From Charity to Partnership: South Korean NGO Engagement with North Korea.” In Sung Chull Kim and David C. Ryoo Kihl-jae. "Prospects of North Korea's Leadership Structure in the Post-Kim Jong-il Era". Korea and World Affairs, vol.
South Korean Attitude Towards North Korea's Nuclear Program.” North Korea: Witness to Transformation, blog of the Peterson Institute for International Economics, October 11, 2013, www.piie.com/blogs/nk/?p=11939.
Published biannually by the Korea Institute for National Unification
