Three-Dimensional (3D) Photonic Bandgap Crystals: Fabrication and Applications

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Three-Dimensional (3D) Photonic Bandgap Crystals: Fabrication and Applications

Seung-Man Yang^† and Gi-Ra Yi

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Korea

(Received 17 October 2002; accepted 3 January 2003)

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Abstract−Photonic crystals are referred to as semiconductors for light and can control the flow of photons in microscopic space since semiconductors do the flow of electrons in ULSI(Ultra Large Scale Integration) circuits. Therefore, photonic crystals have attracted enormous attention due to their potential applications including channel-drop filters, nanolasers, optical waveguides and others that are required for the development of next-generation optical telecommunication devices and optical computers. Photonic crystal balls at micrometer scales can be also used as full-color pixel sources in the pioneering microdis- play devices. Here, we review fundamental concepts of photonic crystals, several approaches to fabrication of three-dimensional photonic crystals, and their potential application areas. In particular, we emphasize the colloidal self-assembly scheme that is the most attractive to chemical engineers among several synthetic methods.

Key words: Photonic Crystals, Photonic Band Gap, Colloidal Crystals, Templating

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†To whom correspondence should be addressed.

E-mail: [email protected]

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Fig. 8. (a) Schematic of the generation of spherical photonic crystal balls and (b) their scanning electron micrograph [30].

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Fig. 11. Schematic of DNA-mediated colloidal crystallization of nanospheres.

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Fig. 12. Scanning electron micrographs of sample set of colloidal build- ing blocks assisted by DNA as linker molecules. (a, b) partially formed, (c) completely formed, and (d) larger aggregates. Scale bar is 400 nm [37].

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