With the advent of the post-Cold War era, the US-Japan alliance is characterized by a policy of drift without a new common goal. According to the report, the US-Japan alliance is a central element of US strategies towards Northeast Asia, and therefore the alliance is very important not only for mutual relations between the two countries, but also for the stability of Asia as a whole. Pacific. The Nye Report is a starting point in redefining the US-Japan alliance as it relates to the wider Asia-Pacific region, rather than being limited to Far East Asia as the main focus of the alliance.
Negotiations for the Realignment of the U.S.‐Japan Alliance
Japan is able to counter Chinese military buildup and North Korea's nuclear and missile development by strengthening the US-Japan alliance. The US-Japan alliance can serve as a pretext to extend Japan's military buildup while addressing concerns over a militarized Japan from neighboring countries. On October 29, 2005, the U.S.-Japan Security Consultative Committee issued "the U.S.-Japan Alliance: Transformation and Realignment for the Future," which reviewed U.S. roles, missions, and capabilities.
Toward U.S.‐Japan Alliance Development
Moreover, it is assumed that Japan's militarily expanded role in accordance with the alliance will eventually lead to the advancement of the weapons of the SDF. Nye proposed a report concerning the development of the US-Japan alliance and the making of a new order in Asia.6 The de‐facto “Second Armitage Report”. Abe has pursued a revision of the Constitution allowing for the collective defense of the SDF as part of strengthening the alliance.
Conflict and cooperation in Northeast Asia A. Strengthening of Arms Race in Northeast Asia
The Department of Defense claims that China actually spends 2 to 3 times its declared military budget, because China does not include the amount spent on strategic weapons, overseas purchases and military technology development. However, military spending in 2005 remains about one-eighth that of the United States. After taking office, President Bush rushed the build-up of Missile Defense (MD), which led to a fiercely competitive missile and nuclear arms race between the United States and Russia.
However, the size of the armed forces deployed by the two countries is not that large. 9 Information Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, China's National Defense in 2006 (Beijing: December 2006). 10 Office of the Secretary of Defense, Annual Report to Congress: Military Strength of the People's Republic of China 2007, p.
The United States and Japan and Russia and China, respectively, work closely in terms of bilateral security cooperation and are cooperating strategically with other countries. The Security Consultative Committee decided in February 2005 to expand their alliance globally and to establish the common goal of resolving the China-Taiwan issue "peacefully", China and Russia launched their first joint military exercises, called "Peace Mission 2005". in areas of the Far East, Shandong Peninsula of China and nearby coasts. The joint exercises showed the possibility of China and Russia becoming a new military cooperation body to counter the US-Japan military alliance in Northeast Asia.
6,500 military personnel and more than 100 fighters and helicopters joined the training.12 Western countries have warned of the possible development of the SCO into a military alliance, but China and Russia firmly deny this.
Four Major Powers’ Pragmatic Diplomacy
Impact on the Korean Peninsula
Coordination and Confrontation over North Korean Nuclear Issue
Basic Concepts
The power chessboard in Northeast Asia consists of a loose confrontation around the pillars of the US-Japan and China-Russia alliances. With knowledge of the North Korean nuclear weapons program and the rise of China as potential threats, the United States strengthens the alliance between the United States and Japan. Through the alliance with the United States, Japan hopes to expand its political and diplomatic influence in the global community.
South Korea, geographically located between the maritime powers of the US-Japan and the continental powers of China-Russia, needs to see the situation objectively and make a well-considered and realistic assessment. First of all, South Korea should continue with a security strategy to actively face the situation of military and security changes in the region. Although it is difficult to predict how the situation in the region will develop, it is believed that the order based on the U.S.
The four countries in Northeast Asia understand that peace and stability on the peninsula will be helpful to their national interests while competing with each other to expand their influence in the course of the transformation of the world order. They do not want to get involved in conflict on the peninsula and prefer denuclearization and the peaceful coexistence of the two Koreas. Therefore, South Korea should seek ways to resolve the nuclear issue through the six-party talks and make all diplomatic efforts to support international cooperation in the course of establishing the peace regime.
In addition, South Korea should play a leading role in promoting a cooperative relationship with China, Japan and Russia through the six-party talks.
Keynotes of Security Plan
As an example, the process of Westernization shows that economic growth is accompanied by a higher level of political participation of the people, which will inevitably lead to the democratization of the political system. In any case, it is believed that the difference in national power based on economic power will lead to a new reality and limitations of the security relationship in Northeast Asia around the year 2020. If China's economic growth continues, it is very likely that Japan will compete with China for regional hegemony under the relatively weakened influence of the United States.
27 National Intelligence Council, Mapping the Global Future: Report of the National Intelligence Council 2020 Project (December 2004). NIC revealed in its report that the severity of the global landscape will shift to Asia, particularly China, and that by 2020, China's gross domestic product (GNP) will be greater than that of individual Japanese, excluding the United States. In the event that China moves towards democratization along with economic growth, the trilateral relations between the United States, Japan and China will successfully establish a cooperative system and keep Northeast Asia stable.
The US and Japan are further strengthening their alliance, while remaining skeptical about how China will use its enhanced military capabilities. In fact, the two countries want to establish a new order in Asia where freedom and prosperity are guaranteed, while exploiting the alliance as a common good rather than a military alliance per se. East Asia experts in America point out that the end point of the US-Japan alliance is evolving into an open and persuasive alliance based on shared benefits and values.
Meanwhile, the United States and Japan continue to explore the possibility of establishing a trilateral relationship through strategic dialogue with China.
Development of Pragmatic Diplomacy
Other countries in the region seem to prefer the stable economic growth under the hegemonic order of the moderate United States to the uncertain and authoritarian regimes of China and Russia. But if China and Russia achieve faster economic development than that of the United States and Japan and maintain their continued economic growth, the order in Northeast Asia will become more multi-polarized by 2020. South Korea was somewhat burdened by the strategic flexibility of the USFK, in that it could incite China from which South Korea needed cooperation to resolve the North Korean nuclear issue and establish a peace regime on the peninsula.
In terms of flexibility, both South Korea and the United States came to a conclusion to respect the South's position that the USFK will not engage in regional disputes disregarding the will of the South Korean people. Currently, South Korea and the United States are closely cooperating in the course of solving the North Korean nuclear problem and implementing the military alliance agreement. Furthermore, South Korea should make diplomatic efforts to reactivate trilateral cooperation on North Korean issues between South Korea, the United States, and Japan in light of the strengthened US-Japan alliance.
In addition, they form a common recognition of a peaceful solution to the North Korean nuclear problem and the maintenance of peace in East Asia. Therefore, Korea-Japan relations need to be reshaped, not only in terms of bilateral relations, but in terms of peace in Northeast Asia and the future of the ROK-U.S. The United States views nuclear proliferation as the greatest threat to the preservation of the US-led world order in the post-Cold War era and seeks to resolve the North Korean nuclear issue peacefully.
The policy of the four countries towards the Korean Peninsula contributes to the peaceful resolution of North America's nuclear problems and the reduction of inter-Korean tensions.
Development of the Multilateral Security Cooperation The reality of an arms race growing in Northeast Asia does not
Developing Multilateral Security Cooperation The reality of a growing arms race in Northeast Asia does not. Specifically, the six-party talks should be expanded into a multilateral consultative body on security in Northeast Asia and should be done to institutionalize the relationship of the four countries through regular dialogue. It is difficult to expect much in the way of resolving the regional arms race, although a new multilateral security consultative body has been established in the wake of an expansion and development of the six-party talks.
31 The Northeast Asian Cooperation Dialogue (NEACD) was launched in July 1993 by the Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation (IGCC) of the University of California, San Diego, which invited government officials and civilian experts from South and North Korea, the United States, Japan, China, and Russia will organize a preparatory seminar on the body. The side effects after the US-Japan alliance emerged strongly as conflicts over past history and territories between Korea, China and Japan. In addition, they must diplomatically work to reactivate the Seoul–Washington–Tokyo cooperation system toward the North, which began to crumble with the onset of the strengthened US–Japan alliance.
There should be restoration of Korea-Japan relations in a futuristic manner from a strategic perspective regarding the future of advancing the Six-Party Talks, maintaining peace in Northeast Asia, and Korea-U.S. But the positions of Japan and Russia must be taken into account in the process of peace negotiations. The relationship between the four regional nations directly and indirectly affects the stability of the peninsula, and changes in the peninsula also affect the regional order.
It is thus of the utmost importance to establish a dialogue forum to discuss a large number of issues that may possibly be raised in the process of establishing peace.
