The 2015 edition of the White Paper on Human Rights in North Korea marks the 20th year of the series since its first publication in 1996. North Korean defector XXX testified that Kim Jong-un ordered during his instructions at the site in Musan in 2013 has transformed the city limits into an exemplary area. This led to the forced deportation of more than 600 households living within 300 meters of the city limits.
In the 2014 survey, however, a large number of respondents said that the supply of public distribution has temporarily improved since 2012 after the North Korean authorities released military provisions.
Chapter
Purpose for Publication
The Korea Institute for National Unification (KINU) established the Center for North Korean Human Rights Studies in December 1994 to professionally and systematically manage North Korean human rights data. The Center has published the Korean and English editions of the White Paper on Human Rights in North Korea every year since 1996. In an effort to explore the reality of the North Korean human rights situation and thereby provide basic material for the White Paper, the KINU Center for North Korean Human Rights Studies conducted a series of systematic and professional interviews with North Korean defectors during their first days after arrival in the South.
The 2015 edition of the White Paper consists of the following sections: "International human rights standards and human rights in North Korea"; "The Reality of Civil and Political Rights"; "The reality of economic, social and cultural rights"; "The Reality of Human Rights for Vulnerable Groups"; and "North Korean defectors and other humanitarian issues." As we explore various issues concerning North Korean human rights in a comprehensive and systematic way, we hope that this White Paper will help to generate greater interest in these issues both at home and abroad, while providing a great opportunity to promote discussion and action in Korea and globally to improve the human rights situation in the North.
Research Methodology
This made it impossible to independently monitor human rights violations or have direct access to internal information. The 2015 edition of the White Paper on Human Rights in North Korea is based on the outcome of these interviews with 221 of the 1,396 North Korean defectors who entered South Korea in 2014. Third, reports published at home and abroad on North Korean human rights situation were used for comparison and verification.
As such, in preparing the 2015 edition of the White Paper, the KINU Center for North Korean Human Rights Studies employed various methods of comparison and verification in order to successfully capture the stark reality of human rights in North Korea despite limited access to relevant information.
International Human Rights Law
These broad obligations apply in general terms to both political and social rights, while the ICCPR and the ICESCR may have different views and levels of emphasis. However, the issue of human rights can no longer be seen as an internal problem and the state can become an author at any moment. For this reason, the international community has built a wide range of mechanisms for the implementation and supervision of human rights.
1_"Obligations to fulfill" as positive duties are divided again into obligations to "facilitate, provide and promote".
North Korea and International Human Rights Law
Based on a collective world view, North Korea values collective human and social rights more than it does. 3_North Korea announced its withdrawal from the ICCPR in 1997 in protest against the adoption of a resolution on North Korean human rights by the UN Subcommission for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights. North Korea later resumed its activities in the Human Rights Committee, thereby recognizing its status and obligations as a signatory to the ICCPR.
These developments have become particularly evident since a human rights provision was added to the amended Constitution in April 2009.
International Responses to the Human Rights Situation in North Korea
International human rights standards and human rights in North Korean organizations Document number Date of approval of voting results. Its final report was published on 7 February 2014 and submitted to the 25th session of the UN Human Rights Council. 11. 11_Report of the Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, UN Doc.
At the request of the UN Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in the DPRK, KINU published the Korean translations of the two aforementioned reports on July 31, 2014.
Right to Life
This is contrary to Article 6, paragraph 2 of the ICCPR which states that the death sentence is only for the. However, by applying Article 20 of the Addendum (kidnapping) or Article 23 thereof (other exceptional crimes subject to the death penalty), punishment up to and including the death penalty can be imposed. 30_Report of the detailed findings of the commission of inquiry into human rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, UN Doc.
Furthermore, it should be noted that public executions themselves constitute a violation of the ICCPR.
Right to Liberty and Security of Person, and Right to Humane
Class of Newcomers to Ordinary Prison Camps (kyohwaso) Supposedly new prisoners to ordinary prison camps (kyohwaso). North Korean defector XXX, who was detained at Jongori kyohwaso for nine years from August 2003, stated that beatings were widespread inside. Most of the testimonies relate to inhumane treatment at Jipkyulso Provincial in Chongjin, North Hamgyoung Province.
In 2010, the defector received cruel treatment, including being forced to stand in a fixed position and doing "pumps" in the middle of the night, at an MPS detention center in Samjiyon County, Yanggang Province. A North Korean defector testified that he was detained at the Gimchaek labor training camp in January 2010. In August 2010, while the defector was detained at a labor training camp (rodongdanryundae) of the Provincial People's Committee of Musan County, North Hamgyoung Province , He was forced to work from 7:30 am to 7:00 pm and was forced to run while working.
In June 2010, while the defector was detained at Jongori kyohwaso, another prisoner died of malnutrition. In February 2010, one of the defector's neighbors died of illness and physical weakness in a labor training camp (rodongdanryundae) in Baekam County, Yanggang Province. In September 2010, another inmate died of malnutrition at the local MPS detention center in Hoeryeong, Hamgyong Province.
North Korean defector XXX said that her husband's friend and his family at no. North Korean defector XXX was detained, said that a battalion of riot police was stationed outside the camp to quell potential rebellions.118. The father of the defector's friend, XXX, born in South Korea, was imprisoned in a political prison camp (kwanliso) for contacting people in the South.
18 kwanliso in Bukchang, many of the prisoners died from various accidents inside the coal mines.
Right to a Fair Trial
The judicial system in North Korea consists of the Supreme Court, provincial and municipal courts directly under central authority, city/district and county courts, and special courts (Article 159 of the Constitution). People's Courts deal with general offenses that do not fall under the provincial and municipal courts directly under central authority, special courts or the Supreme Court (Article 50 of the Criminal Procedure Law). Judgments and decisions are adopted by majority vote among the judge and the People's jurors (Article 17 herein).
The People's Jury System is a legal framework that provides the revolutionary features of republican trials. The role and function of republican judicial processes in the realization of the dictatorship of the people's democracy is flawlessly fulfilled by the system of the people's jury."165. The case identified by the testimony of North Korean defector XXX shows that North Korean criminal court procedures follow the judicial process of the Criminal Law, the Criminal Procedure Law and the Law on the Establishment of Courts.
However, evidence suggests that even hearings by the SSD are conducted in violation of the applicable provisions of the Criminal Procedure Act. According to North Korean defector XXX, who used to be an SSD agent, it is reported to the Prosecution Bureau of the SSD if a criminal fact is established based on a preliminary investigation, including suspicious interrogation by the Provincial Security Department. In the capacity of a judge, a prosecutor at the Prosecution Bureau of the SSD delivers a decision in the name of the Central Court (currently the Supreme Court).
This means that it is the duty of lawyers in North Korea to ensure that the policy of the KWP and the government is institutionalized among the people for flawless implementation. -tae Yu, “The Nature of Lawyering in Republican Criminal Trials,” Political and Legal Studies, no. of the accused Explain the parties.
Right to Equality
We conducted surveys of North Korean defectors who have entered the South over the past five years and asked them to express the perceived level of song pile and class discrimination in North Korea on a five-point scale. KINU interviewed North Korean defectors from 2010 to 2014 to understand the extent of discrimination by song pile and class in the selection of senior staff, and the results indicate such discrepancies. North Korean defectors testified that from the mid-2000s, people could join the party by discreetly paying bribes, even if they had unfavorable sangbun and class.
Among North Korean defectors who defected, percent of respondents said discrimination by song pile and class was "severe" (including "very serious") when trying to gain party membership. A North Korean defector testified that his father could not become a civil servant because he came from China. A North Korean defector testified that anyone who had relatives in China could not become an MPS officer or SSD agent.
A North Korean defector testified that he was held in provincial detention centers (jipkyulso) in Chongjin for about a month in June 2010. A North Korean defector testified that he was detained in a labor training camp (rodongdanryundae) in the county Musan in September 2010 serving a six-month sentence. A North Korean defector testified that his mother was forcibly deported from China on May 3, 2008.
A North Korean defector testified that he provided bribes to a pretrial investigator and the judge, and was released for social education. North Korean defector XXX testified that he had to bribe the judge to get his divorce justified.
