R E P O R T S O F T H E N A T I O N A L A C A D E M Y O F S C I E N C E S O F T H E R E P U B L I C O F K A Z A K H S T A N
IS S N 2 2 2 4 -5 2 2 7 h ttp s ://d o i.o r g /1 0 .3 2 0 1 4 /2 0 2 0 .2 5 1 8 -1 4 8 3 .2 8 V o lu m e 2, N u m b e r 330 (2 0 2 0 ), 29 - 35
UDC 615.262.1
K .D . R a k h im o v , Z h .B . A b u o v a , A .A . T u r g u m b a e v a Asfendiyarov K azakh national medical university, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
E-mail: kdrakhimov@ inbox.ru, zhanar90kz@ mail.ru, aknurik_88@ mail.ru
PROSPECTS FOR THE USE OF SAFFLOWER (CARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS L) IN OPHTHALMOLOGY
A b stra c t. Plant materials and preparations based on it continue to play an important role in the pharmacotherapy o f many chronic and sluggish hum an diseases. O ver the past two decades, there has been a very high consumer demand for medicines and preventive products obtained from natural plant sources. This is due to the complex effect o f biologically active substances, vitamins, antioxidants o f plant origin on the hum an body and the practical absence o f side effects. A n analysis o f the development o f phytopharmacology shows that the most promising direction in the field o f the development o f phytopreparations is the scientifically based use o f the experience of traditional and m odern medicine.
One of the promising types of raw material - medicinal plant safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L). It contains vitamins A, E, unsaturated fatty acids and other biologically active substances in large quantities, that determine antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant properties. Thanks to these pharmacological effects, the content o f vitamins is promising for the development and introduction of a drug used in the field of ophthalmology.
To this end we have searched and analysed scientific publications about safflower - Carthamus tinctorius. All studies used in this review have been found using «Google Scholar» scientific search engine and were selected from publications indexed in Web of science, PubM ed, Medline, E -library, and Cyberleninka databases.
K ey w o rd s: safflower, eye diseases, ophthalmopharmacology, phytopreparation.
C urrently, m edicinal plants are becom ing increasingly p o p u lar in the w orld, including in o u r country, used fo r th e prevention an d treatm en t o f various diseases. In this regard, in th e field o f pharm acy and m edicine, pharm aceutical d evelopm ent and production o f dom estic innovative herbal rem edies. T hese initiative scientific directions include the collection and study o f m edicinal p lan t m aterials, pharm acognostic studies, pharm aceutical developm ent o f herbal rem edies and o th er scientific studies, after w h ich th ey can be recom m ended and u sed as m edicines fo r the treatm en t o f various diseases.
M ore th a n 7,000 different drugs are registered in the State R eg ister o f the R epublic o f K azakhstan [19].
A ccording to m arketing analysis, the m ajority o f these drugs com e from abroad, an d dom estic drugs m ake up an insignificant am ount.
In the structure o f the general m orbidity o f the population o f the R epublic o f K azakhstan, ophthalm opathology takes fifth place after diseases o f the respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive and genitourinary system s [1]. A round th e w orld, ab o u t 285 m illion people suffer from visual im pairm ent, o f w hich 19 m illion are children and 39 m illion are blind [2]. In K azakhstan, according to official figures, m ore th an 1 m illion people tu rn to ophthalm ologists every year. A m ong the m ain causes are injuries, inflam m atory diseases, m yopia, cataracts, glau co m a and age-related m acu lar degeneration [1].
A nti-inflam m atory and A nalgesic Properties A lthough a n u m b er o f steroidal o r non-steroidal anti
inflam m atory drugs have b een developed, researchers are changing th e ir focus to natural products to develop new anti-inflam m atory agents due to the side-effects o f chem ical drugs A s a result, the search fo r other alternatives seem s n ecessary and beneficial. C. tinctorius are an open d o o r fo r new and effective com pounds [18, 20].
C artham us tinctorius L. is com m only kn o w n as Safflow er. C. tinctorius extracts and oil are im portant in drug developm ent w ith num erous pharm acological activities in the w orld. T his p lan t is cultivated m ainly fo r its seed, w h ich is u sed as edible oil [18].
Reports o f the National Academ y o f sciences o f the Republic o f Kazakhstan
S afflow er (C artham us tinctorius L.) ranks eighth am ong the m ajo r oilseeds crop grow n w orldw ide. The leaves, flow ers and seeds have m edicinal and industrial significance. C artham us tinctorius L . is com m only kn o w n as Safflow er. C . tinctorius extracts an d oil are im portant in drug developm ent w ith num erous pharm acological activities in the w orld. This p lan t is cultivated m ainly fo r its seeds, w h ich are u se d as edible oil. Safflow er (C artham us tinctorius L.) belongs to the C om positae fam ily. It is a herbaceous p lan t w ith p ronounced external signs o f the inhabitant o f arid regions. S afflow er has the follow ing characteristic m orphological indications: a solid, upright, bare an d b ranchy stem depending on the variety an d grow ing conditions ov er lo o cm . The leaves are leathery, oblong-lanceolate o r elliptical, a t the edges have teeth, usually end in th o rn s as a rule, b u t it should be n o ted th a t there are form s w ith o u t thorns. T he co lo r o f the safflow er le a f is observed from light green to dark green. The flow ers are sm all, tubular, yello w o r orange. T he corolla is five- partite, th e stigm a is rounded and the anthers firm ly and tightly fit to the style. S afflow er is characterized b y an oval-shaped ovary and a long style. It is n o ted th a t the color o f the corolla is in the range from w hite to red. The inflorescences o f safflow er are m any-flow ered, m ulti-seeded baskets in shape are conical, dom e-shaped o r flat.
T he flo w er b ask e t is from 1.5 to 4 cm in diam eter, and the n u m b er o f baskets p e r individual varies and depends bo th on the variety and cultivation conditions (from 14 to 6o, an d an average o f 18). T he n u m b er o f seeds in the b ask et is from 25 to 6o. The b ask et w rap is double, the o u ter scales o f the w rap p er are o f leaf-shaped.
D epending on the variety, there are th o rn s o n the edges, there are also form s w ith o u t thorns. The nature o f the covering film s belongs to the inner scales o f the w rapper, an d w ith the help o f a tig h t closure o f the inner leaflets, no shedding o f seeds occurs. The fruit o f the safflow er is the seed. Seeds are w hite, bare, obovoid, glossy, tetrahedral, elongated, w ith w eakly protruding ribs. The seeds o f safflow er dye are all arm ored. It should be noted th a t the shell lay er is v ery deep in the tissues o f the shell. B y m ass, lo o o seeds correspond to 4oo g. 5o-6o % o f the m ass o f the w hole seed is the seed-coat. The ro o t system o f safflow er is w ell developed and o f taproot. A ccording to P.I. Podgorny safflow er roots structure is sm all-cell. The m ain ro o t is located a t a depth o f 15-2o cm and is quite w ell branched, thinning far to 1.5-2 m deep in the soil. L ateral b ranches run horizontally from the m ain root, alm ost a t an angle o f 9o° to the m ain taproot. T hey b eg in quite close to the soil surface (3-5 cm).
S afflow er tinctorial is a cross-pollinated plant. P ollination occurs w ith the help o f insects (bees). F irst o f all, the central baskets o f safflow er bloom , th e n the lateral once, flow ering o f different types o f baskets in one p lan t lasts about one m onth. The v egetation p erio d (the n u m b er o f days from full g erm ination to full m aturity) is divided into varieties and is in the follow ing lim its 93-152 days. A ccording to authors such as N .V . Y ak u sh k in and P.I. P odgorny, botanical characteristic is controversial. T his is due to the difference in clim atic zones an d the dependence o f the form ation o f different m orphological characters on the variety o f the plant. A n d this indicates th a t the study o f safflow er cultivated in the territory o f the South K azakhstan ob last is especially im portant and necessary.
E dge flow ers o f the flow er b ask et and fatty oil from the seeds o f safflow er tinctorial are u sed for therapeutic purposes. Safflow er flow ers are used as com ponents o f flo w er teas. A ccording to p ublished data, it is k n o w n th a t substances containing in safflow er play a large role in im proving b lo o d circulation, w h en b lood stagnates, in im proving the b lo o d com position, in anem ia, a t h ig h b lo o d pressure, an d in th e consequences o f b rain hem orrhage.
A ccording to observations a t the K azakh R esearch Institute o f P lant P rotection and Q uarantine, it has been fo u n d th a t individuals after tw o w eeks o f taking safflow er te a show ed a decrease in b lo o d v iscosity to norm al, hypertensive pressure reduced, an d low pressure returned to norm al, so w e can say th a t safflow er te a affects b lood pressure. A t the sam e tim e, it w as noted th a t this drug d o sn ’t have a negative effect fo r those w ho do n o t suffer from hypertension [18].
In C hinese traditional m edicine, safflow er te a is u sed b y patients w ith h eart failure, suffering from anem ia, n um bness o f the u p p e r and lo w er extrem ities.A fter taking te a fo r 4-6 m onths, full recovery occurs. Safflow er te a is one o f the flo w er teas p roduced b y the C hinese. In E urope, safflow er is kno w n m ainly because o f the fact th a t vegetable oil, w hich has fo u n d its w ide application in the food industry is m ade from safflow er. M any people d o n ’t even suspect th a t this p lan t is able to cure num erous pathologies.T his fact w as the im petus fo r a close study o f this tea. It m ade directly from the petals o f this p lan t flow ers.T his te a is used, in m o st cases, as a
m ean, w hich tends to facilitate the general w ell-being o f patients in the presence o f these o r o ther diseases o f the gastrointestinal tra c t [18].
T here is evidence that safflow er flow ers help to im prove b lo o d circulation, reduce inflam m ation, and also can reduce b rain dam age in connection w ith im paired b lood flow , as w ell as preventing the occurrence o f stroke. In addition, safflow er petals help to block cell proliferation. W hile influencing the h u m an body, safflow er tea helps to relieve inflam m ation, prevents cell proliferation, and also im proves b lood circulation.
V ery often it is prescribed as a m eans o f preventing psoriasis and m alig n an t tum ors. The com position o f safflow er flow ers contains a fairly large n u m b er o f useful substances u sed in the fight against num erous pathologies. V ery often safflow er is u sed in the treatm en t o f pneum onia, jau n d ice, and also gastritis. In the case o f gynecological diseases such as m etritis and am enorrhea, the use o f this p lan t is also show n. Q uite often, this p lan t is also u sed as a choleretic and laxative agent. S afflo w er has som e o ther useful properties. So, for exam ple, it also has diuretic, stim ulating, em etic, antiseptic and astringent effects.
A decoction o f the flow ers o f this p lan t treats p eptic ulcer, gastritis, ja u n d ice, and enterocolitis. The seeds o f this p lan t provide w ith a blood-purifying and laxative effect. It is b elieved th a t the greatest benefits o f this te a are cleansing the liv er and kidneys, increasing sw eating and healing o f dam age to the intestinal w alls. Safflow er tea is also an intestinal antiseptic. It should be taken fo r quite a long tim e, until the skin is com pletely cleansed, and then periodically carry o u t cycles o f its reception, w hich helps the p ro p er bow el m ovem ent. It should be taken fo r quite a long tim e, until the skin is com pletely cleansed, and then periodically carry o u t cycles o f its reception, w h ich helps the p ro p er bow el m o v em en t [18].
F atty oil from the seeds o f safflow er can b e u sed in m edicine as w ell as sunflow er, its use is kn o w n externally fo r rheum atism . U se o f safflow er oil helps to low cholesterol. S afflow er tincturial is actively used in cosm etics: safflow er oil has a high m oisture retention an d m oisture regulating ability and is w ell absorbed by any skin type as an em ollient an d m oisturizing agent; it is u sed in sham poos and balm s fo r dry hair, in n ig h t cream s fo r dry skin, in sunscreens. A s a result o f scientific research, it w as found th a t th e chem ical com position o f safflow er oil contains a record am ount o f gam m a-tocotrienol com pared to o th er ty p es o f vegetable oils, i.e.
vitam in E. H ow ever, on the o th er hand, in th e com position o f safflow er oil is com pletely absent no less im portant com pound - squalene. In o rd er to preserve all the benefits o f safflow er oil it is p roduced b y cold pressing. H ow ever, in the food industry there is safflow er oil, m ade b y pressing o r extraction. S afflow er oil is actively u sed fo r m edical as w ell as dietary p urposes [18].
F o r exam ple, w ith obesity o r overw eight, safflow er oil helps to norm alize the m etabolic an d digestive processes occurring in the hu m an body. It reduces the am o u n t o f abdom inal fat, w hile increasing m uscle tissue.
L inoleic acid contained in the safflow er oil has a positive effect on the hum an bo d y as a w hole, and also contributes to the prevention and treatm en t o f diseases o f the cardiovascular system . S afflow er oil is u sed n o t only as a food o r m edicine. T his type o f vegetable oil is actively used in the production o f cosm etics fo r skin care and hair. It is n o t unreasonably b elieved that safflow er oil can help in the treatm ent o f som e serious derm atological diseases. S afflow er oil is able to penetrate into the d eep er layers o f the skin and saturate the cells w ith the necessary beneficial com pounds o f natural origin. F o r this reason, it is safflow er oil that is the m ain com ponent o f expensive anti-aging cosm etics. The seed oil o f safflow er can be u se d to obtain provitam in A. A ccording to the literature, th e h ig h est beta-carotene content in safflow er oil is described, nam ely
12.68 m g / l [18].
T he fatty oil obtained from seed kernels is close in taste to sunflow er oil, and it is also u sed in the food industry. The oil extracted from w hole seeds is b itter in taste, and therefore it is u se d fo r the production o f varnish, w hite paint, enam el, soap, linoleum . S afflow er seeds are go o d food fo r poultry. O ilcake in sm all quantities is fed to anim als: in 100 kg it contains 5 5 feed units.
D ata generalized indicate a significant variety o f applications o f plants o f the C artham us in p o p u lar and traditional m edicine; screening experim ental studies o f scientific m edicine have show n a w ide range o f biological activity o f this species. T hus, C a rth a m u s tinctorius L. is o f g reat interest fo r the introduction into m edical practice b y the prevalence o f the plant, the cultivation potential, the degree o f k now ledge o f the chem ical com position and pharm acological properties.
Reports o f the National Academ y o f sciences o f the Republic o f Kazakhstan
A s o f safflow er production, K azakhstan has been am ong the to p five w o rld leaders since 2000, and in 2010, w ith a h arv est o f 122.24 th o u san d tons, it b ecam e the second afte r India. In addition to these countries, safflow er is actively g ro w n in C hina, U zbekistan, U kraine, A ustralia, U S A , M exico, A rgentina, E thiopia, Tanzania.
T here are several studies using o f S afflow er in ophthalm ology practice.
T he neuroprotective properties o f H o n g h u a w as exam ined, an extract o f safflow er used as an herbal m edicine in C hina, in several experim ental m odels o f retinal isch em ia [4].
The possibility th a t previously dem onstrated reductions in p h o toreceptor sensitivity to light in n-3 fatty- acid-deficient rats th a t can be explained b y alterations in rhodopsin content, an d /o r function w as investigated in rat retina [5].
T he nature and reversibility o f biochem ical and functional changes in the retina encountered o v er a single generation o f dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid deficiency in g uinea pig s [6].
The m o lecu lar species com position o f ethanolam ine glycerophospholipids (E G P) in the prim ate retina and to exam ine the effects o f different dietary fats, the authors fed rhesus m onkeys diets containing w idely ranging am ounts o f n-3 fatty acids w as characterized.
D iets o f differing n-3 fatty acid content h ad profound qualitative and quantitative effects on the m o lecular species o f retinal phospholipids, and the replacem ent o f 22:6(n-3) b y 22:5(n-6) in the retinas o f n-3 deficient m onkeys w as asym m etric and functionally incom plete [7].
A phytochem ical study o f the aerial organs o f the safflow er tinctorial w as carried out. A technique has been developed fo r quantitative analysis o f the am o u n t o f flavonoids in the safflow er flow ers. W h en using the results o f phytochem ical studies, it can be argued th a t safflow er is n o t only a prom ising oilseed crop, b u t also a potential dom estic m edicinal raw m aterial. Thus, the safflow er tinctorial cultivated in the territory o f the S am ara region is prom ising fo r further ju stificatio n o f its use in m edicine and pharm acy [8].
R ecycling o f docosahexaenoic acid in rat retinas during n-3 fatty acid deficiency w as investigated.
A nalysis o f plasm a, liver, and the contralateral (non-injected) eye show ed th a t the specific activity o f 22:6 (n-3) w as less th a n 1 % o f the 22:6 (n-3) in the injected eye.T hese results suggest that, during n-3 deficiency, the retina conserves 22:6 (n-3) b y recycling th is fatty acid w ithin the eyes [9].
Fat-7 m ice can convert n-6 to n-3 fatty acids endogenously, resulting in the accum ulation o f n-3 fatty acids in m a jo r tissues. H ighly enriched D H A and n-3 V L C F A in the retina lead to supernorm al scotopic and ph otopic E R G s an d increases in M u l l e r cell reactivity and oxidative stress in photoreceptors. The regulation o f n-3 fatty acids levels and o f the n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio are essential in preserving retinal integrity [12].
D ocosahexaenoic acid can p ro tect against hereditary retinal degenerations in transgenic m ice expressing the V 20G , P 23H , and P 27L (V PP) rhodopsin m utations w as determ ined [13].
P olyunsaturated fatty acids (PU FA ), especially docosahexaenoic acid (D H A , 22:6n-3), are enriched in phospholipids o f vertebrate rod o uter segm ents (RO S). R etinal R O S can incorporate 22 carbon (C -22) P U F A from th e p lasm a po o l w here C -20 P U F A are predom inant. In th is study, w e analyzed th e fatty acid com position o f retinal p ig m en t epithelium (R PE ) and R O S from rats fed different fatty acid supplem ents to determ ine w h eth er this enrichm ent is at the photoreceptor-R P E b oundary o r the R P E -choriocapillaris boundary [14].
T he effects o f n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 and n-6 P U F A s) in a m urine m o d el o f herpetic chorioretinitis w as exam ined. R esults show ed th a t m ice fed on M enhaden oil (n-3 P U F A s) presented an early developm ent o f contralateral chorioretinitis b y d ay 6 post-A C H SV -1 inoculation and also a significant increase in R N A H SV -1 expression com pared w ith anim als fed on Safflow er and C orn oils. This increase o f HSV -1 could be associated w ith the h ig h er developm ent o f chorioretinitis. [15].
F o r a long tim e C. tinctorius has been used in traditional m edicines as a purgative, analgesic, antipyretic and an antidote to poisoning [18].
T he objective o f this review has b e en to show the recent advances in the exploration o f C. tinctorius as phytotherapy and to illustrate its potential as a therapeutic agent. W ith the current inform ation, it isevident th a t C. tinctorius has pharm acological functions including antioxidant, anti-inflam m ation, analgesic, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective an d antihperlipidem icactivities, am ong others [17]. A s th e current inform ation show s, it is also possible th a t furanocoum arins m ig h t be useful in the d evelopm ent o f n ew drugs to treatvarious diseases.
К.Д . Р ах и м о в, Ж .Б . А буова, А.А. Т ургум баева
«С.Д. Асфендияров атындагы Казак ^лттык медицина уни верси тет» КеАК, Алматы, Казакстан С А Ф Л О Р А Н Ы (C ARTH AM U S TIN C TO RIU S L ) (М А Ц С А РЫ )
О Ф Т А Л Ь М О Л О Г И Я Д А Ц О Л Д А Н У Д Ь Щ К Е Л Е Ш Е ГТ
А н н о тац и я. Д эрш к eсiмдiк шиюзаты жэне онын непзщде жасалынган фитопрепараттар адамды емдеу фармакотерапиясында мацызды рел аткарады. Сощ ы жиырма жылда емдеу жэне профилактикалык д эр ш к заттар pетiнде eсiмдiк шишзаты непзшде жасалган дэpiлеpге с^раныс дуние жYзiнде кун санап артып келедi. Б^л дэpiлiк eсiмдiктегi биологиялык белсендi заттын, дэрумендердщ, антиоксиданттардын, микроэле-менттердщ жэне т.б.
кешендi турде адам агзасына эсер етуi жогары жэне жанама эсершщ тeмен болуымен тYсiндipiледi. Казакстан Республикасында тркелген дэpiлiк заттардын ш ш д е офтальмологияда колданылатын дэpiлеp жалпы дэpiлеp санынын 3 %-ын к¥райды. Б ^л д э р ш к заттардын барлыгы д а - синтетикалык дэpiлеp. Фитофармакологиянын дамуы фитопрепараттарды жасауда ерекше peл аткарады, сонымен катар халык жэне дэстурл1 медицинанын гылыми негiзде кещнен колдануга мYмкiндiк береда.
Солардын бipi - максары (сафлора - Carthamus tinctorius L) eсiмдiгi. Максары (Carthamus tinctorius L.) кYPделiгYлдiлеp т^кымдасына (Compositae) жатады. Кдоамында А, Е дэрумендер^ кeп мeлшеpде поликаныкпаган май кышкылдары, линол кышкылы (70 %) жэне аз мeлшеpде стеарин кышкылы бар моноканыкпаган олеин кышкылы (10 %) бар. Медицина саласында микробка, бактерияга, зенге карсы, кабынуга карсы, антиоксидантты касиетке ие. Кдоамында дэpумендеpдiн болуы, аталган фармакологиялык эсерлерше байланысты, осы дэpiлiк eсiмдiктен офтальмология саласында колданатын препарат жасап, оны практикага енгiзудiн болашагы зор.
Сондыктан бiз алгаш рет Казакстаннын онтуспк аймагында eсipiлетiн максары дэнiнiн сыгындысынан кeзге арналган тамшынын оптималды к¥рамын дайындадык.
Осы максатта максары (сафлора - Carthamus tinctorius L) eсiмдiгi бойынша гылыми макалаларга талдау жасадык. Э дебиетпк шолуга алынган макалаларды «Google Scholar» гылыми iздеу жYЙелеpiмен жэне Web of science, PubMed, Medline, E-library и Cyberleninka индекстелетш деректер корынан алдык.
Халык медицинасында максары шайын кан аздыгымен ауыратын, аяк-колы ^йып калатын ауруларда колданады. C. Tinctorius су сыгындысы халык медицинасында жYpек-тамыp ауруларын клиникалык емдеу Yшiн кещнен колданылатын кeктамыp iшiне инъекция ретщде эзipленген. Казакстандык eсiмдiктеp каран ти т жэне коргауды бакылау гылыми зерттеу институты мэл1ме,п е л бойынша, максары шайын ею апта бойы кабылдаган адамдардын кан тущырлыгынын нормага тYсетiнi, гипертониктердщ кысымы тeмендегенi, тeмен кысым калпына келетiнi, сондыктан максары шайы артериялык кысымга эсер ететiнi аныкталган. C. Tinctorius - жYpек-тамыp, цереброваскулярлык жэне гинекологиялык ауруларда колданылатын рецепплер Yшiн мацызды д эр ш к зат.
Максары F ^ ^ ^ p i кан айналымын жаксартып, кабынуды азайтады жэне кан агымынын адрыс болмауына байланысты миды закымданудан сактайды, сонымен катар инсульттыц пайда болуына жол б ер м е й п т туралы мэл1меттер бар. Одан баска, максары жапырактары жасушаныц бeлiнуiне тоскауыл болуга кeмектеседi. Максары шайы адамнын агзасына эсер ете отырып, кабыну процестерш токтатуга кeмектеседi, жасушалардыц бeлiнуiнiн алдын алады, сонымен бipге кан айналымын жаксартады. Оны eте жиi катерл1 iсiктеpдiн жэне псориаздыц алдын алу Yшiн дэpi ретщде колданады. Пневмонияны, сары ауруды, гастритт емдегенде eсiмдiктi eте жиi колданады.
Метрит жэне аменорея сиякты гинекологиялык ауруларда осы eсiмдiктiн колданылуы м р с е м т е ^ Сондай-ак б^л eсiмдiктi eт айдайтын жэне iш журпзетш дэpi ретщде eте жиi пайдаланады. Максарыга баска да бipнеше пайдалы касиеттер тэн. Мысалы, ол несеп жYpгiзетiн, ынталандыратын, к¥стыртатын, антисептикалык касиеттер1мен белI'iлi.
Жинакталган мэл1меттер Carthamus т^кымды eсiмдiктiн алуан тYpлiлiIiн д эсту р т медицинада кepсетедi;
с к р и н и н т к эксперименталды гылыми медицинаныц зеpттеулеpi б^л тYPдiц кен турдеп биологиялык белсенд спектpiн кepсетедi.
Бiздiн гылыми ж^мысымыз сафлора негiзiнде жасалган кeз тамшысын фундаменталды жэне колданбалы офтальмологияда зерттеумен байланысты.
Т iр ек сездер: максары, адз аурулары, офтальмофармакология, фитопрепараттар
К.Д. Р ах и м о в, Ж .Б . А буова, А.А. Т ургум баева
НАО «Казахский национальный медицинский университет им. С.Д. Асфендиярова», Алматы, Казахстан П Е Р С П Е К Т И В Ы П Р И М Е Н Е Н И Я С А Ф Л О РА
(C ARTH AM U S TIN C TO RIU S L) В О Ф Т А Л Ь М О Л О Г И И
А н н о тац и я. Лекарственное растительное сырье и препараты на его основе продолжают играть важную роль в фармакотерапии многих хронических и вялотекущих заболеваний человека. За два последних десятилетия во
Reports o f the National Academ y o f sciences o f the Republic o f Kazakhstan
всем мире возник очень высокий спрос потребителей на лекарственные и профилактические средства, полученные из природных растительных источников. Это объясняется комплексным воздействием биологически активных веществ, витаминов, антиоксидантов, микроэлементы и др. растительного происхождения на организм человека и практическое отсутствие у них побочных эффектов. М аркетинговый анализ зарегистрированных лекарственных средств, применяемые в офтальмологии в Республике Казахстан, составляет - 3 % от общего количество. Все лекарственные препараты синтетического происхождения часто вызывают побочные эффекты, такие как раздражение и различные аллергические реакции. Анализ развития фитофармакологии показывает, что наиболее перспективным направлением в области разработки фитопрепаратов является научно обоснованное использование опыта народной и традиционной медицины.
Один из перспективных видов сырья - лекарственное растение сафлор (Carthamus tinctorius L). Принадлежит к семейству сложноцветных (Compositae). Содержит витамины А, Е, большое количество полиненасыщенных жирных кислот, линолевой кислоты (70 %) и мононенасыщенной олеиновой кислоты (10 %) с небольшим количеством стеариновой кислоты и другие биологически активные вещества в значительных количествах, которые обуславливают противовоспалительные, антимикробные, антиоксидантные свойства. Благодаря этим фармакологическим эффектам и содержание витаминов является перспективным для разработки и внедрения лекарственного средства, используемого в области офтальмологии. Поэтому мы впервые сделали оптимальный состав глазных капель на основе экстракта семян сафлора, выращиваемых на огромной территории в южных регионах Казахстана.
С этой целью нами были проведен анализ научных публикаций по сафлору - Carthamus tinctorius L. Все принятые к формированию обзора статьи были найдены при помощи научной поисковой системы «Google Scholar» и были индексированы в базах данных Web o f science, PubMed, Medline, E-library и Cyberleninka.
В народной медицине сафлорный чай применяют больные с сердечной недостаточностью, страдающие малокровием, онемением верхних и нижних конечностей. По наблюдениям в КазНИИ защиты и карантина растений выявлено, что у лиц после двухнедельного приема сафлорного чая наблюдалось снижение вязкости крови до нормы, у гипертоников снижается давление, а низкое давление нормализуется, поэтому можно сказать, что сафлорный чай оказывает влияние на артериальное давление. Есть данные о том, что цветки сафлора способствуют улучшению кровообращения, уменьшают воспаление, а также способны уменьшать повреждения мозга в связи с нарушением притока крови, а также предотвращая возникновение инсульта. Воздействуя на организм человека, чай из сафлора помогает снять воспалительные процессы, предупреждает пролиферацию клеток, а также улучшает циркуляцию крови. Очень часто его назначают в качестве средства профилактики псориаза и злокачественных новообразований. Сафлор используют в лечении пневмонии, желтухи, а также гастрита. В случае таких гинекологических заболеваний, как метрит и аменорея также показано применение этого растения. Данное растение используют также в качестве желчегонного и слабительного средства. Присущи сафлору и некоторые другие полезные свойства. Так, к примеру, он обладает еще мочегонным, стимулирующим, рвотным, антисептическим и вяжущим действиями.
Обобщенные данные указывают на значительное многообразие применения растений рода Carthamus в народной и традиционной медицине; скрининговые экспериментальные исследования научной медицины показали широкий спектр биологической активности данного вида.
Наша научная работа сосредоточена на исследовании глазных капель на основе сафлора в фундаментальной и прикладной офтальмологии.
К л ю ч ев ы е слова: сафлора, глазные болезни, офтальмофармакология, фитопрепараты.
Information about author:
Rakhimov K.D., Doctor of medicine, Professor, Academician of the National Academy of Sciences Republic of Kazakhstan, Honored Worker of Republic of Kazakhstan, Lauteate in field of science and technology, chairman of the department of clinical pharmacology «Asfendiyarov Kazakh National medical university» [email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3125- 6845;
Abuova Zh.B., PhD student «Asfendiyarov Kazakh National medical university» [email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7148-3095;
Turgumbayeva A.A., PhD doctor, «Asfendiyarov Kazakh National medical university» - [email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5862-2182
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