Economy
N E W S
OF TH E N A T IO N A L A C A D E M Y OF SCIEN C ES OF TH E R EPU B LIC OF K A Z A K H ST A N S E R IE S O F S O C IA L A N D H U M A N S C IE N C E S
ISSN 2224-5294 h ttp s://d oi.org/10 .32 014 /202 0.2 22 4-529 4.9 6
V olum e 4, N um ber 332 (2020), 5 - 11
UDC 330.34 (574) + 338.23..336 (574)
L .A . M y lty k b a y e v a 1, B.B. D o sk aliy ev a2 1 JSC Financial Academy, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan;
2 Karaganda Economic University Kazpotrebsoyuz, Karaganda, Kazakhstan.
E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
COMMERCIALIZATION OF THE RESULTS OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES AS A FACTOR OF INNOVATIVE
DEVELOPMENT OF THE ECONOMY OF KAZAKHSTAN
A bstract. Currently, the industrial and innovative development of the economy of Kazakhstan is aimed at ensuring high rates of economic growth using scientific achievements, investments in the development of advanced technologies and high-tech industries. For Kazakhstan to become one of the 50 competitive countries, it is necessary to ensure the transition of the economy of Kazakhstan to an innovative development path.The article discusses the role of science and the commercialization of the results of scientific and technical activities in the innovative development of the country. On the importance of the adoption of the Law "On the Commercialization of the Results of Scientific and (or) Scientific and Technical Activities", which provides for the provision of grants for the commercialization of scientific and scientific and technological developments. This law is aimed at stimulating business in participating in scientific projects, including the interaction of science and business, increasing the effectiveness of research results and ensuring their implementation in pr The main program documents of the country aimed at the innovative development of the economy are given. The analysis of the process of grant financing of commercialization projects of the Scientific Fund OJSC and its experience in creating an effective technology commercialization system with the aim of introducing an innovative product or technology to the market and turning a scientific idea into a popular product is carried out. An analysis of the results of competitions held by JSC Science Fund, an operator for grant financing of projects for commercializing the results of scientific, scientific and technical activities, showed that the largest number of grant recipients in 2016 and 2017 by legal status are research institutes.
The number of projects submitted by representatives of the business structure, namely research and production enterprises, newly created startup companies and private partners, increased significantly in 2017. Data on the distribution of grantees by region and industry are also provided. The most active regions for technology commercialization are Almaty, Astana, Karaganda region, and South Kazakhstan region. The article shows that the creation of an effective system of technology commercialization as the main mechanism for bringing an innovative product or technology of scientific activity to the market and turning a scientific idea into a popular product will increase the interest of representatives of business structures, increase the volume of products sold and tax deductions, the emergence of new types of domestic products with a share of Kazakhstani content, the emergence of new jobs.
Keywords. Innovative development, science, scientific and technological activity, grant, commercialization, technology.
In the m odern w orld, all countries pay special attention to science as a strategically im portant area o f hum an activity, the country's fundam ental resource, w hich largely ensures its econom ic grow th and com petitiveness. In the program docum ent o f the republic “Strategy o f K azakhstan-2050” the President o f the country N. A. N azarbayev em phasizes the im portant science role as the basis for the developm ent o f hum an capital and econom ic grow th o f the country [ 1].
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Im portant steps have been taken in K azakhstan in this direction - the Strategy fo r Industrial and Innovative D evelopm ent and the P rogram fo r the F orm ation o f a N ational Innovation System have been adopted. The M essage o f the P resident o f the R epublic o f K azakhstan N .A . N azarbayev to the people o f K azakhstan "Through the crisis to renew al and developm ent" o f M arch 6, 2009 [2].
The creation o f an innovative type o f econom y is associated w ith the developm ent o f the scientific and technological sphere, broad state support for the advanced developm ent o f science and education, the introduction o f scientific and technical results, the form ation o f a m odern innovation space and innovation-oriented institutions. Scientific activity is becom ing a factor transform ing the content and quality o f econom ic grow th.
W ithin the fram ew ork o f the "100 C oncrete Steps" N ational Plan in order to increase the country's com petitiveness, technological m odernization and socio-econom ic developm ent, increase the international authority o f K azakhstan's science, K azakhstan has set a course to build a know ledge-based econom y [3].
A ccording to official data o f the G lobal C om petitiveness report (GCR) issued by the W orld Econom ic forum [4], K azakhstan is ranked the 53rd out o f 140 countries w ith a rating o f 4.41 in 2016-2017, and the 59th in term s o f Innovation, im proving the indicator by 13 points com pared to the previous period.
In the address to the people o f K azakhstan "New opportunities for developm ent in the fourth industrial revolution", the President o f the R epublic o f K azakhstan N. A. N azarbayev stated "ten tasks" [5]
th at need to be com pleted in ord er to enter the 30 developed countries. A t the sam e tim e, the first task is to bring the K azakhstan industry to the status o f a flagship for the introduction o f new technologies.
In this regard, the country needs to accelerate the pace o f innovative developm ent, w hich cannot be achieved w ithout a clearer orientation o f applied science to the industrial needs o f the country. Special attention is paid to the issues o f com m ercialization o f intellectual property as a basis for industrial and innovative developm ent.
In order to stim ulate com m ercial use o f results o f scientific and technical activities and introducing them to the m arket, in 2015 the Law "On C om m ercialization o f R esults Scientific and (or) Scientifically- T echnical A ctivity" [6] w as adopted, w hich provides grants fo r com m ercialization o f scientific research and technological developm ents (hereinafter - R SSTA). This law is aim ed at encouraging businesses to participate in scientific projects, including interaction betw een science and business, im proving the effectiveness o f research results and ensuring th eir im plem entation in production.
F or the practical im plem entation o f the provisions o f this Law , by the O rder o f the M inister o f E ducation and Science o f the R epublic o f K azakhstan dated M ay 17, 2016, JSC "Science Foundation" was defined as the operator for g rant financing o f scientific and (or) scientific and technical activities, i.e. the
“Science Foundation” is assigned by the task o f organizing high-quality and tim ely selection o f projects subject to g ran t funding.
This fact gave the second life to the “Science Foundation”, w hich in recent years practically has not been engaged in com m ercialization o f scientific developm ents, despite the fact that it w as established in 2006 by the G overnm ent R egulation to prom ote the developm ent o f priority, initiative, risk-taking research and developm ent activities to ensure the practical im plem entation o f scientific research in the country.
The “Science F oundation”, taking into account the experience o f previous years and the w orld practice o f supporting the com m ercialization o f research results, has revised its developm ent strategy. The F oundation has set itse lf a responsible and im portant task - to becom e a C entral Office by 2020, providing interaction betw een scientists and business in solving th eir problem s through:
- Prom otion o f the results o f scientists' activities, including intellectual property, products and services created during the im plem entation o f projects;
- Support o f project perform ers for further prom otion o f the results obtained on dom estic and foreign m arkets;
- A ssistance in attracting investm ent;
- P artner search;
- Im plem entation o f jo in t projects;
- increasing com petence.
Thus, in 2016, the “ Science Foundation” held the first com petition for grant funding for projects to com m ercialize the results o f scientific and technical activities. 337 applications w ere subm itted fo r the contest. A distinctive feature o f the projects w as th at there w as great interest not only from scientists, but
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also from entrepreneurs. A ccording to the results o f the com petition, 31 contracts w ere concluded fo r the provision o f grants for a total am ount o f 5,757,923,401 tenge. The total am ount o f co-financing funds raised w as 580,261,436. 09 tenge, i.e. m ore th an 10% o f the grant am ount. The project im plem entation period varies from one year to three years.
D uring 2016, contracts for 6 projects w ere term inated by the decision o f the N ational Scientific C ouncils on the application o f grantees. P art o f the reason for the closure o f projects w as the inability to provide collateral, the declared co-financing and the refusal o f private partners for the project.
A ccording to the results o f the 3rd y ear o f im plem entation o f 25 projects, the follow ing perform ance indicators w ere noted:
- O utput to the volum e o f products/services sold 4.4 billion tenge;
- T ax deductions for 384.89 m illion tenge;
- C reation o f 317 new jo b positions;
- A ppearance o f m ore than 77 types o f new products;
- The share o f local (K azakhstan) content in new products is 84 %.
In 2017, as a result o f the com petition for grant financing o f projects for the com m ercialization o f scientific and (or) scientific and technical activities, a total o f 502 applications w ere received, o f w hich 72 signed a grant agreem ent for a total o f 16,128,043,583 tenge. The am ount o f funds co-financing under these agreem ents is 119 247 2 964 tenge, w hich is m ade up 13.14% o f the total grant.
Figure 1 shows the distribution o f 25 grantees in 2016 and 72 grantees in 2017 by legal status. The largest num ber o f grantees in 2016 and 2017 by legal status are research institutes. The num ber o f projects subm itted by representatives o f the business structure, nam ely research and production enterprises, new start-up com panies and private partners, increased significantly in 2017.
Projects o f com m ercialization o f the contest results o f scientific and technical activities in 2016 have been im plem ented in the follow ing regions: A lm aty, K araganda R egion, A stana, A lm aty, South K azakhstan, N orth K azakhstan and Zham byl Regions.
Distribution of grantees by legal status
30 ---
25
20
15
10
5 ---
Higher Education Institutions
organizations 5
0
Figure 1
Research Private partners New Start-Up Research and Association of
Organizations Companies production legal entities
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In 2017, the coverage o f regions w ith grants for com m ercialization projects significantly expanded.
Thus, contracts w ere signed fo r the provision o f grants to finance projects fo r the com m ercialization o f scientific and technical results w ith grantees from 13 regions o f the country. The m axim um nu m b er o f projects to com m ercialize the results o f scientific and technical activities is in A lm aty, w here the m ain scientific potential o f the country is concentrated. Figures 2 and 3 also show that scientists from A stana, A lm aty, South K azakhstan, N orth K azakhstan and K araganda regions are active participants in the process o f introducing the results o f scientific w ork into production.
Distribution of 25 grantees by regions
Almaty Almaty Region
Karaganda Region South Kazakhstan Region
Astana
North Kazakhstan Region Figure 2
Distribution of 72 grantees by regions
1 1 1 1
Almaty Astana
■ Almaty Region
South Kazakhstan Region Akmola Region
Kyzylorda Region Pavlodar Region Zhambyl Region
■ East Kazakhstan Region Mangystau Region
■ North Kazakhstan Region
■ Karaganda Region
Figure 3
The largest num ber o f projects in 2016 (figure 4) for w hich g ran t funding w as allocated, nam ely 6 projects, relate to the direction o f food production. The second largest num ber o f projects is for w aste collection, processing and disposal, and the third one is for the production o f electrical equipm ent and the m etallurgical industry.
Distribution of 25 projects in 2016 by industries
Metallurgical industry I Waste collection, treatment and disposal, recycling
Production of electrical equipment Production of other vehicles Production of other ready products Production of other non-metallic mineral products Food production Production of basic pharmaceutical products Production of computers, electronic and optical equipment Metallurgical industry
0 1 2 3
Figure 4
Distribution of 72 projects in 2017 by industries
Agricultural complex Space technologies Nuclear industry New materials and technologies Biotechnologies Safe, clean and efficient energy Complex processing of raw materials Geological exploration Artificial intelligence Automation Mineral water production Digital technology Construction Technical tests and analyses Waste collection, treatment and disposal, recycling Production of other ready products Production of equipment Production of electrical equipment Production of ready metal products Metallurgical industry Production of other non-metallic mineral products Production of rubber and plastic products Production of basic pharmaceutical products Production of chemicals and chemical products
Food production
10 12
4 5
6
Figure 5 9
The distribution o f 72 projects in 2017 by industry is show n in figure 5. The largest num ber o f projects im plem ented in 2017 is represented in the areas o f biotechnology and agro-industrial com plex.
There is an increase in the num ber o f projects subm itted in the direction o f production o f basic pharm aceutical products and preparations. Taking into account the breakthrough in technological developm ent in the w orld, it is w orth noting th at a sufficient num ber o f projects have also been selected in such areas as digital technologies (3D printing; online trading; m obile banking; digital services, including in healthcare and education), autom ation, new m aterials and technologies.
Thus, the results o f the w ork o f JSC "Science Foundation" over the past tw o years show th a t its activity has m ade a significant contribution to the innovative developm ent o f the country.
B ased on the above, it can be noted th at the creation o f an effective system o f technology com m ercialization as the m ain m echanism fo r bringing an innovative product o r technology o f scientific activity to the m arket and turning a scientific idea into a popular product w ill increase the interest o f business representatives, increase the volum e o f products sold and tax deductions, the appearance o f new types o f dom estic products w ith a share o f K azakhstan content, and the em ergence o f new jobs.
Л.А. М ы лты кбаева1, Б.Б. Д оскалиева2 '«Каржы академиясы» АК, Н^р-с^лтан, Казахстан;
2К;азт¥гыну одагы Караганды экономикальщ университет^ Караганды, Казахстан ГЫ ЛЫ М И -ТЕХ Н И К А Л Ы К К Ы ЗМ ЕТ Н Э Т И Ж Е Л Е Р Ш К ОМ М ЕРЦИЯЛАНДЫ РУ КАЗАХСТАН ЭКО Н О М И К А С Ы Н Ы Ц ИНН ОВАЦИЯЛЫ К Д А М УЫ НЫ Ц Ф АКТОРЫ Р Е Т 1НДЕ А ннотация. Казiргi уакытта Казахстан экономикасыныц индустриалды-инновациялык дамуы гылыми жетктгктерда, алдыцгы катарлы технологиялар мен жогары технологиялык eндiрiстердi дамытуга салынган инвестицияларды пайдалана отырып, экономикалык есудщ жогары каркынын камтамасыз етуге багытталган.
Казакстан бэсекеге кабiлеттi 50 елдiн катарына енуi Yшiн Казакстан экономикасыныц инновациялык даму жолына eтуiн камтамасыз ету кажет. Макалада елдiц инновациялык дамуындагы гылымныц жэне гылыми- техникалык кызмет нэтижелерш коммерциудыц рeлi туралы айтылады. Fылыми жэне гыл^1ми-техникалык эзiрлемелердi коммерцияланд^1руга гранттар берудi кeздейтiн «Fылыми жэне (немесе) гылыми-техникалык кызмет нэтижелерiн коммерцияландыру туралы» Занды кабылдаудыц мацыздыл^1гы туралы багамдалады.
Б^л зан гыл^1ми жобаларга катысуга бизнестi ынталанд^1руга, онын iшiнде гылым мен бизнестiн езара эрекеттесуiне, зерттеу нэтижелерiнiн тиiмдiлiгiн арттыруга жэне олардыц eндiрiске енгiзiлуiн камтамасыз етуге багытталган.
Экономиканын инновациялык дамуына багытталган елдщ негiзгi багдарламалык к¥жаттары келтiрiлген.
Инновациялык eнiмдi немесе технологияны нарыкка енпзу жэне гылыми идеяны танымал eнiмге айналдыру максатында «Fылым коры» АК коммерцияландыру жобаларын гранттык каржыландыру YДерiсi мен онын тиiмдi технологияларды коммерцияландыру жYЙесiн к¥ру тэжiрибесiне талдау жасалды. Fылыми жэне гылыми-техникалык кызмет нэтижелерш коммерцияландыру бойынша жобаларды гранттык каржыландыру операторы болып саналатын <^ылым коры» АК eткiзген конкурстардын нэтижелерiн талдау 2016 жэне 2017 жылдары к¥кыктык мэртебесi бойынша грант алушылардын ен кeп саны гылыми-зерттеу институттары болып саналатындыгын кeрсеттi. 2017 жылы бизнес к¥рылымынын, атап айтканда Fылыми-eндiрiстiк кэсшорындардын, жанадан к¥PылFан стартап-компаниялар мен жеке сершгестердщ ^ с ы т а н жобаларынын саны айтарлыктай eстi. Грант алушылардын аймак пен сала бойынша бeлiнуi туралы мэлiметтер келтiрiлген.
Технологияларды коммерцияландыру Yшiн белсендi аймактар болып Алматы, Астана, КараFанды облыстары жэне ОнтYCтiк Казакстан облысы саналады. Макалада инновациялык eнiмдi немесе технологияны нарыкка шын'арудын негiзгi тетш ретiнде Fылыми коммерцияландырудын тиiмдi жYЙесiн к¥ру жэне Fылыми идеяны танымал eнiмге айналдыру бизнес к¥рылым eкiлдерiнiц кызыFушылыFын арттыратыны, сатылатын eнiмнiн кeлемi жэне салыктык женiлдiктер, казакстандык камтудын Yлесi негiзiнде отандык eнiмдердiн жана тYрлерiнiн пайда болуы, жана ж^мыс орындарынын пайда болатындыFы кeрсетiлген.
Тушн сездер: инновациялык даму, Fылым, Fылыми-техникалык кызмет, грант, коммерцияландыру, технология.
Л.А. М ы л ты к б ае в а \ Б.Б. Доскалиева2 'АО «Финансовая академия», Нур-Султан, Казахстан;
2Карагандинский экономический университет Казпотребсоюза, Караганда, Казахстан КОМ М ЕРЦИАЛИЗА ЦИЯ РЕЗУЛЬТА ТОВ НАУЧН О -ТЕХ Н И ЧЕСКО Й Д ЕЯ ТЕ Л ЬН О С ТИ
КАК ФАКТОР ИННОВАЦИОН НОГО РАЗВИТИЯ ЭКОН ОМ ИКИ КАЗАХСТАНА
Аннотация. В настоящее время индустриально-инновационное развитие экономики Казахстана направлено на обеспечение высоких темпов экономического роста с использованием научных достижений, инвестиций в развитие передовых технологий и наукоемких производств. Для вхождения Казахстана в число 50-ти конкурентоспособных стран необходимо обеспечить переход экономики Казахстана на иннова
ционный путь развития.
В статье рассматривается роль науки и коммерциализации результатов научно-технической деятельности в инновационном развитии страны, о важности принятия Закона «О коммерциализации результатов научной и (или) научно-технической деятельности», который предусматривает предоставление грантов на коммерциализацию научных и научно-технических разработок. Данный закон направлен на стимулирование бизнеса в участии в научных проектах, в том числе взаимодействия науки и бизнеса, повышение эффективности результатов научных исследований и обеспечение внедрения их в производство.
Приведены основные программные документы страны, направленные на инновационное развитие экономики. Проведен анализ процесса грантового финансирования проектов коммерциализации ОАО
«Научный фонд» и его опыта по созданию эффективной системы коммерциализации технологий с целью вывода инновационного продукта или технологии на рынок и превращения научной идеи в востребованный продукт. Анализ результатов конкурсов проведенных АО «Фонд науки» - оператором по грантовому финансированию проектов коммерциализации результатов научной и научно-технической деятельности показал, что наибольшее количество грантополучателей 2016 и 2017 года по юридическому статусу являются научно-исследовательскими институтами. Количество проектов, поданных от представителей бизнес структуры, а именно научно-производственных предприятий, вновь созданных стартап компаний и частных партнеров, значительно увеличилось в 2017 году. Также приведены данные по распределению грантополучателей по регионам и отраслям промышленности. Самыми активными регионами по коммерциализации технологий являются г. Алматы, Астана, Карагандинская область, Южно-Казахстанская область. В статье показано, что создание эффективной системы коммерциализации технологий как основного механизма вывода инновационного продукта или технологии на рынок и превращения научной идеи в востребованный продукт будет способствовать увеличению заинтересованности представителей бизнес структур, возрастанию объемов реализуемой продукции и налоговых отчислений, появлению новых видов отечественной продукции с долей казахстанского содержания, появлению новых рабочих мест.
К лю чевы е слова: инновационное развитие, наука, научно-техническая деятельность, грант, коммерциализация, технология.
Information about authors:
Myltykbayeva L.A., Doctoral student, JSC Financial Academy, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, [email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8172-4956;
Doskaliyeva B.B., Doctor of Economics, professor, Karaganda Economic University Kazpotrebsoyuz, Karaganda, Kazakhstan, [email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-0523
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