573.086.581.085
.
, ,
): , , , -
, ,
. ,
, .
, -
, ,
( ) [1].
( ) , , -
, -
: -
[2], [3].
. ,
[4] , ,
- [5].
,
-
( ) -
, [6].
.
. -
( ) -
. -
-
2%- (2,5
) 1% -
(2 ) .
[7].
-
Reichert. -
-
JEM-100B -
.
.
. -
, ,
.
. -
-
, -
- ( . ., ).
, -
. , -
-
, [4].
. , -
; -
, -
( ., ). ,
-
[4]. -
,
( ., ). -
, -
, -
, -
-
-
2007. 2
.
– ; –
; –
;
– , ,
; –
; – ,
. – , – ,
– , – , – , – , – , – ,
– , – , – , – ,
– , – , – ,
* –
*
, -
. -
,
, - -
, , , -
- .
.
, 10,89 8,88 ,
, , -
,
( ., ).
, -
. -
, -
. -
, -
. -
,
. -
, -
, . -
[8]. -
( ., ) -
( ),
-
, .
. ,
3,63 2,55 , (
), -
, -
[9]. -
, -
(2,64 2,17 1,85 1,53
). -
,
. -
, -
(1–3). -
-
. -
-
, -
( ., ).
. .
-
. -
, -
( ) ( ., ). -
, -
. -
, -
(
») ( ., ).
.
3–
12 ,
( .,
). , -
« ».
- .
. -
( ) -
. -
, -
.
, -
.
-
. -
-
. , -
,
– -
[10].
.
-
. -
, - ( ., ).
(
3,19 1,19 ).
, .
-
, -
2007. 2
. -
,
1–2 . -
-
, . -
- [4].
[11, 12],
, -
- –
.
. -
, -
-
, -
. -
, -
1,38 0,40 -
, ( ., , ).
,
. -
,
. -
(
0,84 0,52 ), -
, -
. .
,
- ( ., , ).
, – -
, -
-
. ., -
-
– -
, , -
,
. , -
- - [13].
, -
- [1],
. , -
. -
. -
[1]. -
- -
, .
. -
- - ( .,
) [14].
, -
, -
: ,
, ,
,
, -
. -
-
, -
- . ,
, -
- ,
, -
- .
1. ., ., . -
, 2000 /h ttp://
1.cellimm.bio.msu.ru/edocs/samuilov-2.html. . 31.
2.O’Brien I.E., Murray B.G., Baguley B.C., . . Major Changes in Chromatin Condensation Suggest the Presence of an Apoptotic Pathway in Plant Cells // Exp. Cell. Res. 1998. V.
241. P. 46-54.
3.Kirnos M.D., Aleksandrushkina N.I., Vanyushin B.F.
Apoptosis in the cells of an initial leaf and coleoptile of wheat seedlings: internucleosomal fragmentation of genome and synthesis of heavy oligonucleosomal DNA fragments //
Biochemistry (Moscow),1997. V. 62. P. 1008-1014.
4. ., ., .,
. . 1.
// . 2002. . 49, 6. . 828-838.
5.Drew M.C., He I.I., Morgan P.W. Programmed Cell Death and Aerenchyma Formation in Roots // Trends Plant Sci.
2000. V. 5. P. 123-127.
// . - . 2005.
7. . : . .: ,
1987. 103 .
8. . // .
. 2001. . 41. . 3-38.
9. . -
. ., 1967. 116 .
10. . -
. .: , 1977. 208 .
11. Vassilyev A.E. Quantitative ultrastructural data of secretory epithelial cells in Rhus toxicodendron // Int. J. Plant Sci. 2000. V. 161, 4. P. 615-630.
12. ., . -
//
II . -
. ., 2002. C. 338-339.
13.Bakeeva L.E., Kirnos M.D., Aleksandrushkina N.I., . . Subcellular reorganization of mitochondria producing heavy DNA in aging wheat coleoptiles // FEBS Letters. 1999. V. 457.
P. 122-125.
14.Bishimbayeva N. K. A role for apoptosis and polysac- charides secretion in the long-term somatic embryogenesis of cereals. Proceedings of International Symposium “Biotech- nology approaches for exploitation and preservation of plant resources” 26-31 May 2002, Yalta, Ukraine. Bull. of State Nikit.
Bot. Gard. 2002. 86. P. 47-52.
i:
i, ,
, -
,
i. i -
i -
; ;
i
i i.
Summary
By the use of electron microscopy it was proved that degrading cells have the all known ultrastructural signs of programmed cell death (PCD): strong vacuolization, increase of n ucleus size, margination of n uclear material, plastids invaginations, presence of mitochondria up to the last stages of cells degradation and appearance of vesicles similar with apoptotic bodies. It was shown for the first time that release of nuclear material into the cytoplasm, absence of plasmodesmata an d allocation of su bstances into the periplazmatic and extracellular space are the specific characteristics of embryogenic calli cells with signs of PCD.
,
. 2.02.07 .
