39
UDC 636.2.034 DOI 10.56339/2305-9397-2023-2-39-47
IRSTI 68.39.19
Chindaliev A.E., Master of Agricultural Sciences, https://orcid.org/ 0000–0002–2468–3809
LLP “Scientific and Production Centre of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary” Astana, Kenesary str.
40, 010000, Kazakhstan, [email protected]
Baymukanov D.A., DSc (Ag), Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4684-7114, LLP “Scientific and Production Centre of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary” Astana, Kenesary str. 40, 010000, Kazakhstan, [email protected]
Bissembaev A.T., Candidate of Agricultural sciences, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8795-0700
LLP “Scientific and Production Centre for Animal Husbandry and Veterinary”, Astana, Kenesary str.
40, 010000, Kazakhstan, [email protected]
Abylgazinova A.T.,candidate of sciences agricultural, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1562-2123
LLP "Scientific and Production Center for animal Husbandry and Veterinary", Astana, Kenesary str.
40, 010000,Republic Kazakhstan, [email protected]
VARIABILITY OF MILK PRODUCTIVITY OF HOLSTEIN BLACK-AND-WHITECOWS IN "ICE" LLP
ANNOTATION
The article presents the materials of variability in indicators of milk productivity of Holstein black-and-white cows for 305 days of lactation in the context of calving for the period 2021-2022 on the basis of Ice LLP of the Aktobe region. According to the data obtained during the analysis, a high variability in milk productivity indicators was established from 2016 to 2022. There is a tendency to a gradual increase in milk yields. Thus, the milk yield indicator in 2016 amounted to 8464.7 kg; in 2022, the average milk yield was 10303.8 kg, which is 21.7% higher than in 2016 and indicates an increase in milk productivity for the herd periods from 2016 to 2022. According to data from 2021 to 2022, it was found that in the studied groups of cows of the "first", "second" and "third and more" lactation, there is a gradual increase in milk productivity as the duration of economic use of cows increases.
When comparing cows of the first and second lactation, it was found that cows of the second lactation exceed milk yields of cows of the first lactation by 1183 kg, or 12.3%; cows of the third and more lactation exceed cows of the second lactation by 351.5 kg, or 3.25%, respectively, which indicates positive dynamics. The fat content of milk in the studied groups decreased as the economic use of cows increased. Thus, the fat content of milk in cows of the second lactation is less than the fat content of milk of cows of the first lactation by 0.06 abs. %, cows of the third and more lactation have a lower percentage of fat compared to the group of cows of the second lactation by 0.03 abs. %. The indicator for milk protein for the 3rd and higher lactation was greater compared to the indicators groups of cows of the first and second lactation at 0.12 abs. % and 0.06 abs. %.
Key words: profitability, milk productivity, breeding and economic use, Holstein black-and- white breed.
To answer the needs of the population in high-quality dairy products it is necessary to increase the number of livestock that fulfills reproduction requirements and is distinguished by high breeding characteristics of dairy productivity.
Some of researchers consider that livestock purebred animals should be evaluated using modern methods [1,2,3,4,5].
According to the data of the Bureau of National Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2022, dairy cattle were recorded at 4.05 million heads, half of which (2.02 million heads) accounted for households; individual entrepreneurs and peasant/farming farms accounted for 1.8 million heads.
Agricultural enterprises have the smallest number of livestock, amounting to 310 thousand heads. The volume of cow milk production in all categories of farms in 2022 amounted to 6.3 million tons. The average milk yield is only 2403 kg per year (Bureau of National Statistics of the Republic of
40
Kazakhstan, 2022) [6]. This situation indicates the need to increase the breeding stock with high indicators of dairy productivity.
According to D. Abylkasymov (2012), the increase in dairy productivity in the country's regions is mainly provided by the work of breeding farms. As the author points out: «due to the provision of a sustainable reproduction system, the quality of the regenerated young stock is also improved». The author states that «animals with high exterior characteristics have higher milk productivity» [7].
Imported into the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Holstein black-motley breed is one of the most widespread breeds of cattle in the world. Scientists and practitioners have been studying the variability of milk productivity indicators of Holstein black-motley breed cows for many years [8,9,10,11]. Therefore, an important aspect in the development of dairy cattle breeding is to increase profitability when using this breed. The profitability of the dairy business is not provided only by the quantity and quality of milk. A no less important segment of dairy cattle breeding technology is the organization of a sustainable reproduction system, the process of obtaining calves in sufficient quantity for a long time [12].
Through systematic and high-quality breeding and selection work, it became possible to transform and improve the dairy productivity of Holstein black-motley cattle [7, 13, 14].
For a more accurate assessment of variability in milk productivity indicators, it is also necessary to take into account the terms of breeding and economic exploitation of cattle. Productive longevity of cattle of Holstein black-motley breed "on the average is 3-4 lactations". [15]. For the period of 3 and more lactations cattle show an increase in milk productivity. High-yielding cattle due to the high load on the body are used on average 2-3 lactations, not living up to the fourth [16, 17]. In this regard, there is a need to analyze the data on the number of lactations in the dynamics over a multi-year period to obtain more accurate results in order to solve the problem.
Purpose and Objectives of the research. The research aimed to determine the variability of milk productivity indicators of Holstein black-motley breed cows for 305 days of lactation in the context of calvings for the period 2021-2022 based on «Ais» LLP of Aktobe region.
In this connection, the task of research on the evaluation of milk productivity (milk yield, content and yield of fat, protein) in groups of first-calf cows, cows of the second, third, and more lactations was set;
The conducted studies allow for predicting the productivity of cows of the Holstein black- motley breed in the conditions of the Aktobe region.
Research methodology and methods. The material of the study was breeding animals of Holstein black spotted cattle of «Ais» LLP of Aktobe region, the productive indicators were obtained based on the database of the information-analytical system of the Republican system of animal husbandry (IAS RSZ) - plem.kz for the period 2016-2022.
Calculation of the amount of milk, milk fat, and milk protein per lactation was made following the methods recommended by the International Committee for Animal Accounting (ICAR).
All materials were processed using generally accepted methods of variation statistics according to H. Neudecker [18], N.A. Plokhinsky [19], E.K. Merkuryeva [20].
Research results. According to the data in Table 1, the average milk yield of cows of the Holstein black-motley breed in 2016 was 8464.7 kg at (n= 427 heads); in 2017, this figure is 9000.1 kg, which exceeds the previous year by 535.4 kg (6.32%), also there is an increase in the number of cattle by 96 heads (22.4%), compared to the previous year; the milk yield figure for 2018 exceeds the figure for 2017 by 4.3% or 389.3 kg, the herd also increased by 101 head or 19.3%, from 523 head to 624 head. Further for 2019, the average milk yield for the herd was 10204.7 kg, an increase of 815.3 kg or 8.6%, with the number of dairy cattle increasing by 13 head (2%). In 2021 the number of cattle decreased by 67 animals (11,7%), and the milk yield decreased by 192,5 kg to 10012,2 kg. In 2022, the milk yield was 10303.8 kg, which is 1839.1 kg or 21.7% higher than in 2016 and 291.6 kg or 2.9% higher than in 2021. The observed positive dynamics in Figure 1, as well as the analysis of the data in Table 1, indicate an increase in milk productivity in the herd for 2016-2022.
Table 1 - Dynamics of the variability of productivity of Holstein black-motley cows of «Ace» LLP for 305 days of lactation in the period 2016-2022
Theperiod n Milk yield, kg Fat, % Protein, %
41
X ± m Cv X ± m Cv X ± m Cv
2016 427 8464,7 ± 3,7 18,5 3,62 ± 0,0 5,8 3,25 ± 0,00 4,0 2017 523 9000,1 ± 3,2 18,5 3,30 ± 0,0 9,9 3,01 ± 0,00 5,9 2018 624 9389,4 ± 2,6 17,1 3,50 ± 0,0 8,6 3,12 ± 0,00 5,4 2019 637 10204,7 ± 2,8 17,4 3,59 ± 0,0 7,6 3,18 ± 0,00 5,4 2021 570 10012,2 ± 2,7 15,5 3,60 ± 0,0 9,9 3,09 ± 0,00 6,7 2022 204 10303,8 ± 8,6 17,1 3,52 ± 0,0 11,9 3,18 ± 0,00 9,2
Figure 1 - Dynamics of milk yield variability for 2016-2022.
The fat content indicator changes in the dynamics and is: 3.62% in 2016; in 2017, milk fatness fell to 3.30% or 0.32 abs. %. In subsequent years, there is an increasing trend in fat content from 3.50% in 2018 to 3.60% in 2021. For the year 2022, the milk fat content decreased to a mark close to 2018 at 3.52 %, which is 0.08 abs. % lower than the milk fat content of the previous year.
The protein index in the dynamics was: for 2016 - 3.25%; in 2017 there is a sharp decrease in the level of protein in milk to 3.01%, which is lower than the figure for 2016 by 0.24 abs. Then there is an upward trend in protein in milk from 2018 to 2019 from 3.12% to 3.18%. In 2021, the figure dropped again to 3.09%. For 2022, the proportion of protein in milk is already 3.18 %, which is higher than the value for the previous year by 0.9 abs. %, butlowerthanthevaluefor 2016 by 0.07 abs. %.
Figure 2 - Dynamics of the variability of fat and protein yield for 2016-2022.
According to Table 2 and Figure 3, we can conclude that as the Holstein black-motley breed of cattle increases, milk yields also increase.
8464.7
9000.1
9389.4
10204.7
10012.2
10303.8
8000.0 8500.0 9000.0 9500.0 10000.0 10500.0 11000.0
2016 2017 2018 2019 2021 2022
3.62
3.30
3.50
3.59 3.60
3.52
3.25
3.01
3.12
3.18
3.09
3.18
2.90 3.00 3.10 3.20 3.30 3.40 3.50 3.60 3.70
2016 2017 2018 2019 2021 2022
Жир, % Белок, %
42
Thus, the average milk yield for 305 days of lactation in first-calf cows (n = 228 cows) was:
9612.5 ± 81.6 kg, with a coefficient of variability (Cv) of 12.8%; the mass fraction of fat is 3.63 ± 0.03%; the mass fraction of protein is 3.05 ± 0.01%.
Indicators of milk productivity in cows of the second lactation (n=133 cows) were: milk yield - 10796,3±119,8 kg; fat - 3,57±0,03 %; protein - 3,11±0,02 %.
The data for the third and subsequent lactations (n=153 cows) were as follows: yield - 11147.8± 124.6 kg, fat - 3.54± 0.03%, protein - 3.17± 0.02%.
There is an increase in milk yields as the duration of economic use of cows increases. Thus, cows' milk yields of the second lactation exceed those of the first lactation by 1183 kg or 12.3 %; cows of the third and more lactation exceed those of the second lactation by 351.5 kg or 3.25 %.
Table 2 - Dynamics of the variability of productivity of Holstein black-motley cows of "Ace" LLP for 305 days of lactation by calving for the period 2021-2022
Lactations n Milk yield, kg Fat, % Protein, %
X ± m Cv X ± m Cv X ± m Cv
1-st 228 9612,5 ± 81,6 12,8 3,63 ± 0,03 10,5 3,05 ± 0,01 6,3 2-nd 133 10796,3 ± 119,8 12,8 3,57 ± 0,03 9,5 3,11 ± 0,02 6,7 3rd and
higher 153 11147,8 ± 124,6 13,8 3,54 ± 0,03 9,3 3,17 ± 0,02 6,7 As milk yields increase, there is a natural decrease in the fat content of milk in cattle groups of subsequent lactations as compared with the first calf, there is also a slight increase in the proportion of protein in milk in dairy cattle groups of the second and more lactations.
The fat content of milk in the studied groups decreases with the increasing economic use of cows. Thus, the fat content of milk in cows of the second lactation is less than the fat content of milk in cows of the first lactation by 0.06 abs. %, cows of the third and more lactations have a lower percentage of fat compared to the group of cows of the second lactation by 0.03 abs. %. The milk protein index for the "3rd and higher" lactations is higher compared to the first and second lactation cow groups by 0.12 abs. % and 0.06 abs. %, respectively.
Figure 3 - Dynamics of cow milk yield variability by lactation
According to the data in Table 3 and Figure 4, the group of first heifers in the first four months of lactation shows an increase in average daily milk yield from 22.5 kg to 34.4 kg of milk, which exceeds the first month of lactation by 52.8%, or 11.9 kg. After reaching the peak lactation in the fourth month, there is a gradual decrease from 34.4 kg to 30.7 kg in the last lactation. The average milk yield for 305 days of lactation was 31.7 kg.
9,612.5
10,796.3
11,147.8
8500.0 9000.0 9500.0 10000.0 10500.0 11000.0 11500.0
1-я 2-я 3 и выше
43
The data for the group of cows in the second lactation vary. So, for the first month of lactation, the average daily milk yield left 29,4 kg, for the second and third months of lactation the indicator on milk yield increased sharply up to 40,6 kg and 41,2 kg of milk, which reached its peak respectively.
The milk yield further decreased to 29.5 kg in the last month of lactation. The average daily milk yield for 305 days of lactation was 35.5 kg, which is higher than the milk yield of the first heifers by 3.8 kg or 11.9%.
Indicators of average daily milk yield in the third and more lactations have a similar trend as in the group of cows in the second lactation. Thus, the average daily milk yield in the first month was 29.9 kg, which by the third month of lactation increased to the level of 44.0 kg. Reaching the peak value, there is a decrease in milk yield to 28.3 kg. The average milk yield in 305 days of lactation was 36.7 kg which was 5 kg or 15.7 % higher than the milk yield of first heifers and 1.2 kg or 3.3 % higher than that of second lactation cows. This indicates that cows with 3 or more lactations have higher milk yields. Also, in comparison with the first and second calving groups, the highest average daily milk yield is in the third month of lactations and amounts to 44 kg.
Figure 4 - Dynamics of milk yield variability over 10 months of lactation
In the first month of lactation in the group of first heifers, a high level of milk fat content - 3.77±0.05, is associated primarily with the fact that in the first week after calving, the animal produces colostrum for the needs of the calf. In the following month, the % fat content of milk in first heifers naturally decreased and amounted to: 3.36±0.03, on average. Thereafter, there is a tendency for the % fat content of milk to gradually decrease as milk yields decrease, so that by the 10th month of lactation, the fat content of milk averaged 3.83±0.04. In the average 305 days of lactation, the fat content of milk of the first heifers was 3.63±0.03 (Table 2). In the first month of lactation the lowest percentage of protein among all groups is observed - 2.94±0.03, in subsequent months there is an increase in protein-milk content. By the end of lactation, the percentage of protein was 3.1±0.02, which is higher than the first month of lactation by 1.6 abs.
In the first month of productivity, the fatness index in the group of cows of the second calving is 3.64±0.06. Further, there is a decrease in the fat content of milk to the level of 3.27±0.04, as the peak lactation in the third month after calving. In subsequent months, the index increases to a peak level of 3.73±0.04 in the last month of lactation. In terms of protein percentage, the lowest level is observed in the first month of lactation, which was - 3.03%, then the values vary and gradually increase to a level of 3.12% in the fifth month. In the sixth month the percentage of protein decreased to 3.08%, in the seventh and subsequent months there is an increase in the percentage of protein in milk to values of 3.1-3.11-3.15-3.17%.
The fat content of milk of cows of the third and more lactations for the first month of milking was 3.75±0.05. By the third month of lactation, the fatness index reached the lowest point for all three groups at 3.25±0.04, and then there is a tendency to increase the fatness to the level of 3.72%, which falls on the last month of lactation for the third group.
15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1-я лактация 2-я лактация 3 и выше
44
The protein level in the first month of lactation was 3.01±0.03, then there is an increase in protein in milk and reached 3.26% in the last month of lactation.
Conclusion. A comparative characterization and analysis of the milk productivity of the Stadugolshtinsky black-motley breed for 2016-2022 have been conducted.
The milk yield of the Holstein black-motley breed in 2022 was 10303.8 kg, which is 1839.1 kg or 21.7% higher than in 2016 and 291.6 kg or 2.9% higher than in 2021. There is a positive trend that shows an increase in milk productivity across the herd for 2016-2022. The 2022 milk fatness index dropped to a mark close to 2018 and was 3.52%, which is 0.08 abs. below the previous year's milk fatness index % and below the mark for 2016 by 0.1 abs. %.For 2022, the protein percentage in milk is already 3.18 %, which is higher than the value for the previous year by 0.9 abs. %, butlowerthanthevaluefor 2016 by 0.07 abs. %.
Monthly milk yields were monitored for 3 lactation groups (first heifers, second lactation cows, and third lactation cows and more) from 2021 to 2022.
When comparing the cows of the first and second lactations it was established that the cows of the second lactation exceed the cows of the first lactation by 1183 kg or 12.3 %; the cows of the third and more lactations exceed the cows of the second lactation by 351.5 kg or 3.25 % respectively, which indicates a positive dynamic. The fat content of milk in the studied groups decreases as the economic use of cows increases. Thus, the fat content of milk in cows of the second lactation is less than the fat content of milk of the first lactation. The milk protein index for the «3rd and higher» lactations is higher compared to the first and second lactation cow groups by 0.12 abs. % and 0.06 abs. %.
45
Table 3 - Dynamics of monthly milk yield variability by 3 lactating groups for 2021-2022.
Lactationmont h
First lactation (n=228 heads) Second lactation (n=133 heads) Third lactation (n=153 heads) Milk yield,
kg Fat, % Protein, % Milk yield,
kg Fat, % Protein, % Milk yield,
kg Fat, % Protein, %
X ± m Cv X ± m Cv X ± m Cv X ± m Cv X ± m Cv X ± m Cv X ± m Cv X ± m Cv X ± m Cv 1 22,5 ±
0,3
21, 4
3,77 ± 0,05
19, 4
2,94 ±
0,03 13,4 29,4 ±
0,5 20,7 3,64 ±
0,06 19,4 3,03 ±
0,04 14,0 29,9
±0,5 22,
3 3,75 ±0,05 16,6 3,01
±0,03 10,5 2 31,5 ±
0,3
15, 6
3,36 ± 0,03
15, 6
3,03 ±
0,02 10,0 40,6 ±
0,5 14,4 3,35 ±
0,05 17,8 3,05 ±
0,03 11,0 41,9
±0,5 16,
6 3,31 ±0,05 18,8 3,1 ±0,03 11,8 3 34,3 ±
0,2
14, 1
3,31 ± 0,04
18, 3
3,06 ±
0,02 11,3 41,2 ±
0,5 15,5 3,27 ±
0,04 15,8 3,11 ±
0,03 10,1 44,0
±0,5 15,
8 3,25 ±0,04 17,0 3,14
±0,02 9,5 4 34,4 ±
0,3
14, 7
3,42 ± 0,03
14, 8
3,05 ±
0,02 9,7 40,1 ±
0,5 15,1 3,34 ±
0,05 16,8 3,1 ±
0,03 9,6 42,7
±0,5 16 3,34 ±0,04 15,0 3,16
±0,02 9,6 5 34,0 ±
0,3
13, 7
3,58 ± 0,04
17, 4
3,06 ±
0,02 10,4 38,3 ±
0,5 16,5 3,53 ±
0,05 15,2 3,12 ±
0,02 8,7 40,2
±0,5 16,
9 3,45 ±0,05 16,6 3,17
±0,03 10,5 6 33,3 ±
0,3
15, 4
3,65 ± 0,04
16, 8
3,04 ±
0,02 9,0 36,3 ±
0,5 17,4 3,63 ±
0,05 15,9 3,08 ±
0,02 8,5 38,2
±0,5 16,
2 3,55 ±0,04 14,0 3,16
±0,02 8,8 7 32,4 ±
0,3 16 3,79 ± 0,04
15, 7
3,05 ±
0,02 8,8 34,6 ±
0,4 16,2 3,63 ±
0,05 16,0 3,1 ±
0,03 10,4 35,9
±0,5 16,
6 3,64 ±0,04 13,3 3,18
±0,02 9,5 8 32,1 ±
0,3
15, 8
3,74 ± 0,03
13, 1
3,05 ±
0,02 8,2 33,3 ±
0,4 16,1 3,63 ±
0,04 13,0 3,11 ±
0,02 9,1 33,8
±0,5 17,
2 3,67 ±0,04 14,0 3,22
±0,03 10,0 9 31,7 ±
0,3
15, 7
3,73 ± 0,04
14,
2 3,1 ± 0,02 8,1 31,8 ±
0,4 16,5 3,7 ±
0,04 13,4 3,15 ±
0,02 8,7 31,6
±0,5 17,
8 3,66 ±0,04 12,6 3,24
±0,02 9,3 10 30,7 ±
0,3
16, 9
3,83 ± 0,04
14,
3 3,1 ± 0,02 8,5 29,5 ±
0,4 18,4 3,73 ±
0,04 11,6 3,17 ±
0,02 7,7 28,3
±0,4 19,
6 3,72 ±0,04 11,8 3,26
±0,02 8,0
45
46 REFERENCES
1. Bissembayev, A.T. The Level of Breeding Value of Cattle of the Auliekol Breed, Calculated by the Blup Method [Text]/ A.T. Bissembayev, A.S.Shamshidin, Zh.M. Kasenov, N.B. Bissekenov, A. E. Chindaliyev, Y. A. Yuldashbayev, Baimukanov, D. A.//OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences – 2023 - 23(2) – P. 226-235. https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2023.226.235.
2. Bissembayev, A. T. Estimated Breeding Value of Kazakh White-Headed Cattle Breed [Text]/
A.T. Bissembayev, D.A. Baimukanov, V.I. Trukhachev, A.B. Nazarbekov, S.T. Zhali, A.T. Abylgazinova, A.E. Chindaliyev//American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences -2023 - 18(2) – Р. 81-88. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2023.81.88
3. Dushayeva, L. Z. Marking of Meat Productivity Features in Pairs of bGH, bGHR and bIGF-1 Polymorphic Genes in Aberdeen-Angus Cattle / L. Z. Dushayeva, A. M. Nametov, I. S. Beishova, A. V. Belaya, T. V. Ulyanova, A. M. Kovalchuk, K. K.Tagirov, & Y. A. Yuldashbayev// OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences.- 2021. - 21(2). - Р. 334-345.
https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2021.334.345.
4 Nugmanova, A.E. Meat productivity in bull calves of various genotypes / A.E. Nugmanova, A.O.Doszhanova, E.Nasambaev, A.B.Akhmetalieva, N.M.Gubashev //Annals of Biology. – 2021. – 26(2). –Р.С 249 – 255 (SiteScore – 97,246) https://www2.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0- 85118933103&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-
f&src=s&sid=f4a11f95ccd9ed7ad51fd10a4cb4ec90&sot=aut&sdt=a&sl=18&s=AU-
ID%2857190005016%29&relpos=2&citeCnt=1&searchTerm=&featureToggles=FEATURE_NEW_DO C_DETAILS_EXPORT:1,FEATURE_EXPORT_REDESIGN:0
http://agribiop.com/meat-productivity-in-bull-calves-of-various-genotypes/
5 Nasambaev, E.Assessment of the breeding qualities of Kazakh white-headed calves using the method of testing own productivity /E.Nasambaev, A.B. Akhmetalieva , A.E. Nugmanova , L.S. Bertileu , A.O. Doszhanova //Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems, 2020, 12(7 Special Issue), p. 476-481 (Site Score – 31,450).
https://www2.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090686758&origin=resultslist&sort=plf- f&featureToggles=FEATURE_NEW_DOC_DETAILS_EXPORT:1,FEATURE_EXPORT_REDESIGN:
0. DOI 10.5373/JARDCS/V12SP7/20202130
6. Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan. - 2022. https://new.stat.gov.kz/ru/industries/business-statistics/stat-forrest-village-hunt- fish/publications/5100/.
7. Abylkasymov, D. Increasing the efficiency of the use of breed resources of black-and-white, Yaroslavl and Sychev cattle in the Tver region [Text]: author. dis… doc. s-x. Sciences. / D. Abylkasymov. – LesniePolyany M. region. – 2012. - 46 P..
8. Bissembayev, A.T. Productive Traits and Reproductive Capacity of First-Calf Cows at Different Selection Options/ A.T. Bissembayev, D.A. Baimukanov, O.A. Bassonov, K.A. Amerkhanov, O.Y. Petrov, N.N. Kuzmina//OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences – 2023. - 23 (2). – Р. 149-155.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2023.149.155
9. Susuki, M. Estimation of genetic parameters on Holstein cows in Hokkaido [Text] / M. Susuki, T. Mitsumoto//Japan J.Zootechn. Sci. -1981. V.52. -№ 5.-P. 349-353.
10. Abylkasymov, D. Selection and population assessment of the productive use of the herd [Text] / D. Abylkasymov, N.P. Sudarev, A.A. Vakhoneva // Journal "Achievements of science and technology of the agro-industrial complex". - 2011. - №8. - P.56
11. Abylkasymov, D. Improving the assessment of sires according to a complex of economically useful traits [Text] / D. Abylkasymov, N.P. Sudarev, K.Yu. Sizova // - Tver: TАA, 2014. – 114 P.
12. Labinov, V.V. 2013: Russian dairy market [Text] / V.V. Labinov // Dairy industry. - 2014. -
№ 3. - P. 5-10.
13. Artyukhina, N. H. Efficiency of Holsteinization of black-and-white cattle [Text] / I. N.
Artyukhina, O. A. Grinenko // Zootechny. - 2001. - №5. - P. 4-6.
14. Guidelines for the analysis of official information on the identification, origin, productivity and genetic assessment of Canadian Holstein cattle [Text]: textbook / Kh.A. Amerkhanov, Kh.A.
Zinoviev - Moscow, 2008. - 76 P.
15. Lebedko, E.Ya. Increasing the productivity potential of black-and-white cattle [Text] / E.Ya.
Lebedko // TSNTI. Bryansk, 1991. - №161.- P. 2-4.
16. Long-term use of highly productive Canadian cows [Text]: textbook / L. K. Ernst, K. V.
Markova, N. P. Semenov, V. T. Samokhin. - Moscow: Rosselkhozizdat, 1970. - 143 P.
47
17. Kertiev, R. On the productive longevity of Canadian cows [Text] / R. Kertiev // Dairy and beef cattle breeding. - 1996. - №4. – P. 10-13.
18. Neudecker, H. Some Theorems on Matrix Differentiation with Special Reference to Kronecker Matrix Products Канады [Text] / H. Neudecker//Journal of the American Statistical Association. – 1969. - 64. - Р. 953-963.
19. Guide to biometrics for livestock specialists in Canada [Text]: textbook / N.A. Plokhinsky. - M.: Kolos, 1969. - 253 P.
20. Biometrics in breeding and genetics of farm animals in Canada [Text]: textbook / E.K.
Merkuriev. - M.: Kolos, 1970. - 423 P.
ТҮЙІН
Мақалада Ақтөбе облысы, «Айс» ЖШС базасында 2021-2022 жылдар кезеңінде төлдеу қимадағы голштин қара-ала тұқымды сиырлардың 305 күн лактациядағы сүт өнімділігінің көрсеткіштері бойынша өзгергіштік материалдары берілген. Талдау барысында алынған мәліметтер бойынша 2016 жылдан 2022 жылға дейін сүт өнімділігінің көрсеткіштері бойынша жоғары өзгермелілік анықталды. Сүт сауымы біртіндеп арттыру тенденциясы байқалады.
Сонымен, 2016 жылы сүт сауымының көрсеткіші 8464,7 кг; 2022 жылы орташа сүт сауымы 10303,8 кг құрады, бұл 2016 жылмен салыстырғанда 21,7%-ға жоғары және 2016-2022 жылдар аралығында табындағы сүт өнімділігінің артқанын көрсетеді. 2021-2022 жылдарға арналған мәліметтерге сәйкес, «бірінші», «екінші» және «үшінші және одан көп» лактациядағы сиырлардың зерттелген топтарында сиырларды шаруашылық пайдалану ұзақтығы ретінде сүт өнімділігінің біртіндеп өсуі байқалатыны анықталды. Бірінші және екінші лактациядағы сиырларды салыстыра отырып, екінші лактациядағы сиырлардың сүттілігі бойынша бірінші лактациядағы сиырлардан 1183 кг, немесе 12,3%-ға артық екені анықталды; үшінші және одан да көп лактациядағы сиырлар екінші лактациядағы сиырлардан тиісінше 351,5 кг-ға немесе 3,25%-ға артық, бұл оң үрдісті көрсетеді. Зерттелетін топтардағы сүттің майлылығы сиырларды шаруашылыққа пайдалану артқан сайын төмендеді. Осылайша, екінші лактациядағы сиырлардағы сүттің майлылық көрсеткіші бірінші лактациядағы сиырлардағы сүттің майлылық көрсеткішінен 0,06 абс. төмен. %, үшінші және одан да көп лактациядағы сиырлардың майлылығы екінші лактациядағы сиырлар тобымен салыстырғанда 0,03 абс төмен. %. 3-ші және одан жоғары лактациядан кейінгі сүт ақуызының көрсеткіші бірінші және екінші лактациядағы сиырлар тобының көрсеткіштерімен салыстырғанда 0,12 абс. % және 0,06 абс. % жоғарыболды.
РЕЗЮМЕ
В статье представлены материалы изменчивости по показателям молочной продуктивности коров голштинской черно-пестрой породы за 305 дней лактации в разрезе отелов за период 2021- 2022 годы на базе ТОО «Айс» Актюбинской области. Согласно данным, полученным в ходе анализа, была установлена высокая изменчивость по показателям молочной продуктивности с 2016 по 2022 год. Наблюдается тенденция к постепенному увеличение надоев молока. Так показатель по удою в 2016 году составил 8464,7 кг; в 2022 году средний надой молока составил 10303,8 кг, что на 21,7 % превышает показатель за 2016 год и свидетельствует о повышении
молочной продуктивности по стаду за периоды с 2016
по 2022 гг.По данным за 2021 по 2022 гг., было установлено, что в изучаемых группах коров
«первой», «второй» и «третьей и более» лактаций наблюдается постепенное увеличение молочной продуктивности по мере роста продолжительности хозяйственного использования коров. При сравнении коров первой и второй лактации было установлено, что коровы второй лактации превышают по показателям удоев коров первой лактации на 1183 кг, или на 12,3 %; коровы третьей и более лактаций превосходят коров второй лактации на 351, 5 кг, или на 3,25 %, соответственно, что свидетельствует о положительной динамике. Жирность молока в изучаемых группах снижался по мере увеличения хозяйственного использования коров. Так показатель жирности молока у коров второй лактации меньше показателя жирности молока коров первой лактации на 0,06 абс. %, коровы третьей и более лактаций имеют меньший процент жира по сравнению с группой коров второй лактации на 0,03 абс. %. Показатель по молочному белку за 3-ью и выше лактации был больше по сравнению с показателями групп коров первой и второй лактации на 0,12 абс. % и 0,06 абс. %.
