This research primarily aimed to study the factors that can affect the behavioural intention of ESL lecturers in utilising flipped learning. Moreover, it sought to explore how ESL lecturers perceive the adoption of flipped learning. 48 ESL lecturers from five higher education institutions were involved in the research. In fact, a questionnaire survey and semi-structured interviews were conducted to gather the data.
Statistical analysis conducted has identified two factors that significantly affect the intention of ESL lecturers to use a flipped approach, namely performance expectancy and facilitating conditions. Furthermore, the collected data from the semi-structured interview indicated that the lecturers had positive viewpoints towards the flipped learning approach. It was mentioned that the approach helps enhance students’ learning and class atmosphere, as well as improve teaching experience. However, issues related to students, content, educators, and facilities were discovered to impact the adoption of flipped learning.
The findings mentioned above are critical as they provide clear understanding to the stakeholders who intend to employ flipped learning in their higher education institutions. With the confirmation of the importance of adequate knowledge towards flipped learning adoption, higher education institutions should provide the necessary support in encouraging the use of flipped learning. As the present findings cannot be generalised to all ESL lecturers from private higher education institutions in the country, future research was suggested to repeat the study with a greater number of participants from various private higher education institutions. A comparative study was also recommended, with the purpose of investigating the difference
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between factors that can influence the adoption of flipped learning among ESL lecturers who have and have not used flipped learning.
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81 APPENDICES
Appendix A Survey Questionnaire Part 1: Demographic Questions
1. Gender o Male o Female
2. Age group
o 21-30 years old o 31-40 years old o 41-50 years old o 51-60 years old
3. Race
o Malay o Chinese o Indian
o Other: ________________
4. What is your highest level of education?
o Bachelor’s Degree o Master’s Degree o Doctorate Degree
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5. How long have you been teaching at higher educational institution?
o 1-5 years o 6-10 years o 11-15 years
o More than 15 years
6. Which private institutions are you working at?
o Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR)
o Tunku Abdul Rahman University College (TARUC) o Quest International University
o Xiamen University Malaysia o University of Nottingham Malaysia
7. How long have you been using flipped learning in your teaching?
o No and not planning to use o Not sure
o Plan to use it o Using it currently
8. Have you ever attended seminar/course/training program concerning flipped learning?
o No
o Plan to attend o Yes
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