Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendation
5.2 Recommendation
In order to have a better understand in this study, the author had come out with the following recommendations: -
➢ Author strongly recommends conducting the survey together with the design team to know their perspective and opinion on the suggested points on the importance of BIM on minimizing the violation of safety rules in infrastructure projects. This is because most of the construction projects in Malaysia that implement safety through BIM are during planning stage. Therefore, if in the future research, that would be good if there are some representatives from the design team as they can guide or show how BIM is related with safety using the software.
➢ Author strongly recommends conducting a simulation in BIM software regarding hazard simulation. As due to time limitation, it is not possible for the author to conduct the simulation.
➢ Author strongly recommends finding a respondent that have experience with BIM more than 2 years as they are more expert in this field. This is because most of the author respondents have less than 2 years’ experience so their knowledge on BIM is not as what the author expected.
➢ Author strongly recommends that in the future, if BIM will be fully utilised for safety purpose, the workers still need to have the knowledge on the safety like the current procedure which they need to attend safety induction. This is because we cannot 100% depend on the technology as sometimes error might occur.
References
1. Getuli, V., et al. (2017). "BIM-based Code Checking for Construction Health and Safety." Procedia Engineering 196: 454-461.
2. Li, M., et al. (2018). "An automated safety risk recognition mechanism for underground construction at the pre-construction stage based on BIM."
3. Zhang, S., et al. (2013). "Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Safety:
Automatic Safety Checking of Construction Models and Schedules."
Automation in Construction 29: 183-195.
4. Liu, H., et al. (2015). "Research on Integration System of Construction and Safety Monitoring Based on BIM and RFID " 7 2: 114-117.
5. Yu, Y., et al. (2016). "Research on safety management of building construction based on BIM and Internet technology " 7 3: 119-124.
6. Al-Ashmori, Y. Y., et al. (2020). "BIM benefits and its influence on the BIM implementation in Malaysia." Ain Shams Engineering Journal.
7. Alizadehsalehi, S., et al. (2020). "The effectiveness of an integrated BIM/UAV model in managing safety on construction sites." Int J Occup Saf Ergon 26(4):
829-844.
8. Asadzadeh, A., et al. (2020). "Sensor-based safety management." Automation in Construction 113.
9. Kamaruzzaman, S. N. B., et al. (2016). "How can BIM support Construction Safety Management? Development of SIM." MATEC Web of Conferences 66.
10. Khoshnava, S. M., et al. (2012). "Application of BIM in Construction Safety
": 155-160.
11. Li, M., et al. (2018). "Methodologies of safety risk control for China’s metro construction based on BIM." Safety Science 110: 418-426.
12. Raza Ul Mustafa, M., et al. (2018). "Development of BIM-Based Safety Management Model Focusing on Safety Rule Violations." MATEC Web of Conferences 203.
13. Zhang, S., et al. (2015). "BIM-based fall hazard identification and prevention in construction safety planning." Safety Science 72: 31-45.
APPENDIX
QUESTIONNAIRES
Skip to question 1Skip to question 1
QuestioDno you think that they are the importance of BIM on minimizing the violation of safety rules in infrastructure projects?
1
1
C.ollection Centre *
Mark only one oval.
1 2 3 4 5
Totally Disagree Strongly Agree
Pilot Survey
I am final year undergraduate students pursuing Bachelor of Civil Engineering (Hons) from Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS which currently doing a Final Year Project titled "The Study of BIM on Minimizing The Violation of Safety Rules in Infrastructure Project".
The purpose of this study is to highlight the importance of BIM on minimizing the violation of safety rules in infrastructure projects. Your participation will greatly contribute to the success of the survey. I am deeply appreciate your help in participating in this survey, and your responses will remain private and will be used strictly for academic purpose only.
Thank you.
*Required
Collection Centre
Collection Centre is mainly responsible for the information on acquisition and construction site safety guidance, and for other on-site construction and mechanical marking of its real-time location to assess which is in the danger zone, such as the scaffolding and false work area of the materials yard and models, depending on the degree of hazard of the work area as the degree of risk-site construction environment is higher if the level is high. Therefore, this shows that BIM was not only able to design and capture building and infrastructure plans, but through its collection center it also will be able to know the level of danger and hazard of the area that will affect the field of workers.
Early Warning System
In order to achieve human and mechanical positioning, it is therefore important to incorporate an early warning model positioning module as it is easier to decide whether the workers are in hazardous areas which will required to organize the role of the space workers in the BIM information collection center for hazardous area delineated site premise.
3
M.onitoring Centre *
Mark only one oval.
1 2 3 4 5
Totally Disagree Strongly Agree
C4.ontrol Centre *
Mark only one oval.
1 2 3 4 5
Totally Disagree Strongly Agree
Monitoring Centre
BIM performs real-time monitoring and data transfer to secure day created by the control center, mainly on the construction site, so that the level of on-site safety management can be effectively improved. By monitoring the construction site, it will be able to detect the hazardous and danger area which preparation to counter the situation can be done and trained to the workers.
Control Centre
The Control Center will track the transition of consolidation of the data center and statistics will be collected in the statistics report on the day of unsafe conduct and incidents by written form to sign and confirm the
construction site and rectification details notes to the safety control center
Skip to question 5
Early Warning System * 2
M.ark only one oval.
1 2 3 4 5
Totally Disagree Strongly Agree
Question 2
This content is neither created nor endorsed by Google.
Forms
Other than the points stated before, from your points of view, what are the other importance of BIM on minimizing the violation of safety rules in infrastructure 5. projects? *
G1.ender *
Mark only one oval.
Male Female
Prefer not to say
2
A.ge (years old) * Mark only one oval.
21 - 30 31 - 40 41 - 50 51 - 60
Survey Form
I am final year undergraduate students pursuing Bachelor of Civil Engineering (Hons) from Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS which currently doing a Final Year Project titled "The Study of BIM on Minimizing The Violation of Safety Rules in Infrastructure Project".
The purpose of this study is to highlight the importance of BIM on minimizing the violation of safety rules in infrastructure projects. Your participation will greatly contribute to the success of the survey. I am deeply appreciate your help in participating in this survey, and your responses will remain private and will be used strictly for academic purpose only.
Thank you.
*Required
Skip to question 1Skip to question 1
SECTION A Details of the respondent
4
Ex. perience duration in using BIM * Mark only one oval.
Less than 2 years 2 years or more
Skip to question 5
SECTIORNespond for the importance of BIM on minimizing the violation of safety rules in infrastructure projects
B
C5.ollection Centre *
Mark only one oval.
1 2 3 4 5
Totally Disagree Strongly Agree
Question 1
Do you think that they are the importance of BIM on minimizing the violation of safety rules in infrastructure projects?
Collection Centre
Collection Centre is mainly responsible for the information on acquisition and construction site safety guidance, and for other on-site construction and mechanical marking of its real-time location to assess which is in the danger zone, such as the scaffolding and false work area of the materials yard and models, depending on the degree of hazard of the work area as the degree of risk-site construction environment is higher if the level is high. Therefore, this shows that BIM was not only able to design and capture building and infrastructure plans, but through its collection center it also will be able to know the level of danger and hazard of the area that will affect the field of workers.
Working duration in the current company * 3M.ark only one oval.
Less than 10 years 10 years or more
6
Ea. rly Warning System *
Mark only one oval.
1 2 3 4 5
Totally Disagree Strongly Agree
M7.onitoring Centre *
Mark only one oval.
1 2 3 4 5
Totally Disagree Strongly Agree
C8.ontrol Centre *
Mark only one oval.
1 2 3 4 5
Totally Disagree Strongly Agree
In order to achieve human and mechanical positioning, it is therefore important to incorporate an early warning mEaordleyl pWosaitrionniinngg mSoydsutleemas it is easier to decide whether the workers are in hazardous areas which will required to organize the role of the space workers in the BIM information collection center for hazardous area delineated site premise.
Monitoring Centre
BIM performs real-time monitoring and data transfer to secure day created by the control center, mainly on the construction site, so that the level of on-site safety management can be effectively improved. By monitoring the construction site, it will be able to detect the hazardous and danger area which preparation to counter the situation can be done and trained to the workers.
Control Centre
The Control Center will track the transition of consolidation of the data center and statistics will be collected in the statistics report on the day of unsafe conduct and incidents by written form to sign and confirm the
construction site and rectification details notes to the safety control center
9
H.azard Stimulation *
Mark only one oval.
1 2 3 4 5
Totally Disagree Strongly Agree
S10af.ety Tracking *
Mark only one oval.
1 2 3 4 5
Totally Disagree Strongly Agree
1
S1m.arter Risk Prediction *
Mark only one oval.
1 2 3 4 5
Totally Disagree Strongly Agree
By bringing significant value to the construction site, the construction process can be accelerated and made sHaafezr.aBrIdM Satlliomwsuflaortvioirntual navigation around the web to identify and avoid problems. Different hazardous conditions may be tested in order to develop a safety plan for personnel.
Safety Tracking
BIM can store data on all materials, crews, and construction processes in order to monitor their protection.
Complex situations gain access to data such as worker injuries in the workplace, workplace congestion, equipment, and material issues, which are captured by technology through sensors and tags. All of the data or information obtained is used to track safety models in the BIM Coordination Service.
Smarter Risk Prediction
BIM will provide safety precautions if used early in the design process. The principle of protection by design will help you prevent bottlenecks from the start. Installing a chimney on a roof, for example, should be achieved from the inside rather than the outside to stop staff falling.
SECTIORNespond for the level of perception among the construction professionals in Malaysia of BIM on minimizing the violation of safety rules
C 1
M2a.naging and communicating construction safety plans *
Mark only one oval.
1 2 3 4 5
Totally Disagree Strongly Agree
1
D3o. you aware that BIM is able to minimize the violation of safety rules in infrastructure project? *
Mark only one oval.
1 2 3 4 5
Totally Disagree Strongly Agree
D14o. you think that safety aspect in BIM is important and needed in infrastructure project? *
Mark only one oval.
1 2 3 4 5
Totally Disagree Strongly Agree
Managing and communicating construction safety plans
Demonstrate how to use BIM for safety-related tasks like safety railing modelling, formwork plan with integrated fall defence, and design for safety model testing. Security presentations based on BIM are an important method for addressing and communicating safety-related issues with the project team on the jobsite.
Skip to question 13
1D6o. you think detecting the risks and hazard using BIM is easier compared to detect it manually? *
Mark only one oval.
1 2 3 4 5
Totally Disagree Strongly Agree
D17o. you think BIM can replace safety plans? *
Mark only one oval.
1 2 3 4 5
Totally Disagree Strongly Agree
This content is neither created nor endorsed by Google.
Forms
Is it helpful if using BIM in minimizing the violation of safety rules in 1
in5f.rastructure project? *
Mark only one oval.
1 2 3 4 5
Totally Disagree Strongly Agree
RESPONSES
Pilot Survey
6 responses
Publish analytics
Question 1
Collection Centre
Collection Centre
6 responses
4 4 (66.7%)
3
2
1 0 0 ((0(00%%)%) 0
0 0 ((0(0%%)))
1 (16.7%)
1 2 3 4 5
Early Warning System
Early Warning System
6 responses
2 2 (33.3%)
1
2 (33.3%) 2 (33.3%) 1 (16.7%)
0 (((00%0%%))) 0
1 2 3
0 (((00%0%%)) )
4 5
Monitoring Centre
Monitoring Centre
6 responses
3 3 (50%)
2 2 (33.3%)
1 1 (16.7%)
0 0 ((0(0%%)) ) 0
1 2 3
0 0 (((00%0%%))
4 5
Control Centre
Control Centre
6 responses
4 4 (66.7%)
3
2
1 1 (16.7%)
0
1 (16.7%)
0
0 ((0(0%%)) ) 00 (((00%0%%))
1 2 3 4 5
Question 2
Other than the points stated before, from your points of view, what are the other importance of BIM on minimizing the violation of safety rules in infrastructure projects?
6 responses
0
Hazard stimulation Safety Tracking
Managing and communicating construction… Smarter Risk Prediction
This content is neither created nor endorsed by Go ogle. Report Ab use - Terms of Serv ice - P rivacy Policy
Forms
1 (16.7%) 1 (16.7%)
1 (16.7%) 1
2
3 (50%) 3
53 responses
Accepting responses
Summary Question Individual
SECTION A
Gender
53 responses
Survey Form
Questions Responses
20.8%
Male Female
Prefer not to say
73.6%
Age (years old)
53 responses
13.2%
21 - 30 31 - 40 41 - 50 51 - 60
84.9%
Working duration in the current company
53 responses
Less than 10 years 10 years or more
100%
Experience duration in using BIM
53 responses
Less than 2 years 2 years or more
94.3%
SECTION B Question 1
Collection Centre
Collection Centre
53 responses
30
25 (47.2%) 20
10
0
1 2 3
1 (((111...999%%%)) )
4 5
Early Warning System
11 (20.8%)
4 (7.5%)
12 (22.6%)
Early Warning System
53 responses
30 30 (56.6%)
20
10 10 (18.9%)
22 (2((333...888%%%)) )
0
1 2 3 4 5
Monitoring Centre
Monitoring Centre
53 responses
30
20
10
0
1 2 3
1 (1.9%)
4 5
Control Centre
6 (11.3%)
8 (15.1%) 9 (17%)
29 (54.7%) 4 (7.5%)
7 (13.2%)
Control Centre
53 responses 30
20
10
0
1 2 3
11 (1.9%) 1
4 5
Hazard Stimulation
Hazard Stimulation
53 responses
30
20
17 (32.1%) 10
0 0 ((0(00%%)%) 0
1 2
8 (15.1%)
3 4 5
Safety Tracking
3 (5.7%)
7 (13.2%)
21 (39.6%) 6 (11.3%)
14 (26.4%)
29 (54.7%)
Safety Tracking
53 responses 30
25 (47.2%) 20
10 1 1 (((11.1..99%9%%)) 0
5 (9.4%)
14 (26.4%)
8 (15.1%)
1 2 3 4 5
Smarter Risk Prediction
Smarter Risk Prediction
53 responses
30
20
10 1 1 (((11..99%9%%))
0
1 2
13 (24.5%)
3 4
7 (13.2%)
5
Managing and communicating construction safety plans
6 (11.3%)
26 (49.1%)
22 (41.5%)
Do you aware that BIM is able to minimize the violation of safety rules in infrastructure project?
53 responses 30
20
10
0 0 ((0(00%%)%) 0
1 2
15 (28.3%)
3 4
7 (13.2%)
5
30
20
19 (35.8%)
10
1 1 (((11.1..99%9%%))
0
1 2
2 (((333...888%%)%))
3 4 5
SECTION C
Managing and communicating construction safety plans
53 responses
25 (47.2%)
9 (17%) 6 (11.3%)
Do you think that safety aspect in BIM is important and needed in infrastructure project?
53 responses
30
20
10 1 1 (((11..99%9%%))
0
5 (9.4%) 2 (((333...888%%)%))
1 2 3 4 5
Is it helpful if using BIM in minimizing the violation of safety rules in infrastructure project?
53 responses
40
30 33 (62.3%)
20
10 1
1 (((11.1..99%9%%)) 11 ((1(11..9.99%%)%)
14 (26.4%)
4 (7.5%) 0
1 2 3 4 5
16 (30.2%) 29 (54.7%)
12 (22.6%)
Do you think detecting the risks and hazard using BIM is easier compared to detect it manually?
53 responses
40
30
20
10 0 0 ((0(0%%)) )
0 4 (7.5%) 5 (9.4%)
1 2 3 4 5
Do you think BIM can replace safety plans?
53 responses
20
18 (34%) 18 (34%)
15
10 11 (20.8%)
5 6 (11.3%)
00 (0((000%%)%)) 0
1 2 3 4 5
32 (60.4%)
RESULT
Research Question 1 Result Relative Importance Index
No Statement Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree
Total Respondent
1 2 3 4 5
1 Collection Centre 4 12 25 11 1 53
2 Early Warning System 4 7 30 10 2 53
3 Monitoring Centre 6 9 29 8 1 53
4 Control Contre 6 14 29 3 1 53
5 Hazard Stimulation 0 7 21 17 8 53
6 Safety Tracking 1 5 25 14 8 53
7 Smarter Risk Prediction 1 6 26 13 7 53
8 Managing and communicating construction safety plans Sa 6 25 15 7 53
No Statement Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree
Total Total Respondent (N) AxN RII Ranks
1 2 3 4 5
1 Collection Centre 4 24 75 44 5 152 53 265 0.574 6
2 Early Warning System 4 14 90 40 10 158 53 265 0.596 5
3 Monitoring Centre 6 18 87 32 5 148 53 265 0.558 7
4 Control Contre 6 28 87 12 5 138 53 265 0.521 8
5 Hazard Stimulation 0 14 63 68 40 185 53 265 0.698 1
6 Safety Tracking 1 10 75 56 40 182 53 265 0.687 2
7 Smarter Risk Prediction 1 12 78 52 35 178 53 265 0.672 4
8 Managing and communicating construction safety plans 0 12 75 60 35 182 53 265 0.687 3
No Statement
1 Hazard Stimulation 2 Safety Tracking
3 Managing and communicating construction safety plans 4 Smarter Risk Prediction
5 Early Warning System 6 Collection Centre 7 Monitoring Centre 8 Control Centre
Average Index Analysis
Statement Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8
Respondent 1 4 3 2 2 5 4 4 5
Respondent 2 4 3 3 3 5 5 5 5
Respondent 3 3 3 4 2 5 5 5 4
Respondent 4 2 2 3 2 4 4 4 4
Respondent 5 5 3 4 4 4 3 4 4
Respondent 6 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 3
Respondent 7 1 2 2 2 3 4 4 3
Respondent 8 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Respondent 9 2 3 2 3 5 5 5 5
Respondent 10 1 1 2 1 4 3 4 4
Respondent 11 3 1 3 5 4 3 3 4
Respondent 12 1 4 3 3 2 1 3 4
Respondent 13 3 4 3 2 3 3 3 3
Respondent 14 2 3 2 3 4 3 3 5
Respondent 15 2 1 1 1 2 3 3 2
Respondent 16 4 3 3 2 3 2 3 2
Respondent 17 3 3 4 3 2 5 4 5
Respondent 18 3 5 2 4 3 4 5 4
Respondent 19 4 4 3 3 5 4 3 5
Respondent 20 3 4 3 4 3 3 5 2
Respondent 21 3 4 3 3 4 4 4 4
Respondent 22 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3
Respondent 23 3 3 3 3 5 5 5 5
Respondent 24 3 2 2 2 4 4 3 3
Respondent 25 3 2 3 1 5 4 3 3
Respondent 26 2 4 3 1 2 3 3 4
Respondent 27 2 3 1 2 4 4 2 3
Respondent 28 1 1 1 1 3 4 4 3
Respondent 29 4 3 4 3 3 5 3 4
Respondent 30 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Respondent 31 3 3 3 3 4 5 4 2
Respondent 32 3 3 3 3 4 3 4 3
Respondent 33 2 3 1 3 3 4 3 3
Respondent 34 2 2 1 3 4 3 3 2
Respondent 35 3 3 5 2 4 4 4 4
Respondent 36 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4
Respondent 37 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 4
Respondent 38 3 3 3 2 4 4 4 4
Respondent 39 2 3 1 1 4 3 1 3
Respondent 40 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 3
Respondent 41 2 4 2 3 2 3 4 4
Respondent 42 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3
Respondent 43 4 3 4 3 4 2 3 3
Respondent 44 4 3 4 3 2 2 3 2
Respondent 45 3 2 3 2 4 3 3 3
Respondent 46 4 3 3 2 3 2 2 3
Respondent 47 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3
Respondent 48 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Respondent 49 3 3 3 2 4 3 3 3
Respondent 50 3 4 3 3 3 3 2 3
Respondent 51 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Respondent 52 3 5 4 3 5 5 5 3
Respondent 53 2 4 4 3 3 3 2 3
Average Index
Analysis 2.868 2.981 2.792 2.604 3.491 3.434 3.358 3.434
Cronbach’s Alpha
Statement Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8
Respondent 1 4 3 2 2 5 4 4 5
Respondent 2 4 3 3 3 5 5 5 5
Respondent 3 3 3 4 2 5 5 5 4
Respondent 4 2 2 3 2 4 4 4 4
Respondent 5 5 3 4 4 4 3 4 4
Respondent 6 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 3
Respondent 7 1 2 2 2 3 4 4 3
Respondent 8 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Respondent 9 2 3 2 3 5 5 5 5
Respondent 10 1 1 2 1 4 3 4 4
Respondent 11 3 1 3 5 4 3 3 4
Respondent 12 1 4 3 3 2 1 3 4
Respondent 13 3 4 3 2 3 3 3 3
Respondent 14 2 3 2 3 4 3 3 5
Respondent 15 2 1 1 1 2 3 3 2
Respondent 16 4 3 3 2 3 2 3 2
Respondent 17 3 3 4 3 2 5 4 5
Respondent 18 3 5 2 4 3 4 5 4
Respondent 19 4 4 3 3 5 4 3 5
Respondent 20 3 4 3 4 3 3 5 2
Respondent 21 3 4 3 3 4 4 4 4
Respondent 22 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3
Respondent 23 3 3 3 3 5 5 5 5
Respondent 24 3 2 2 2 4 4 3 3
Respondent 25 3 2 3 1 5 4 3 3
Respondent 26 2 4 3 1 2 3 3 4
Respondent 27 2 3 1 2 4 4 2 3
Respondent 28 1 1 1 1 3 4 4 3
Respondent 29 4 3 4 3 3 5 3 4
Respondent 30 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Respondent 31 3 3 3 3 4 5 4 2
Respondent 32 3 3 3 3 4 3 4 3
Respondent 33 2 3 1 3 3 4 3 3
Respondent 34 2 2 1 3 4 3 3 2
Respondent 35 3 3 5 2 4 4 4 4
Respondent 36 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4
Respondent 37 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 4
Respondent 38 3 3 3 2 4 4 4 4
Respondent 39 2 3 1 1 4 3 1 3
Respondent 40 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 3
Respondent 41 2 4 2 3 2 3 4 4
Respondent 42 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3
Respondent 43 4 3 4 3 4 2 3 3
Respondent 44 4 3 4 3 2 2 3 2
Respondent 45 3 2 3 2 4 3 3 3
Respondent 46 4 3 3 2 3 2 2 3
Respondent 47 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3
Respondent 48 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Respondent 49 3 3 3 2 4 3 3 3
Respondent 50 3 4 3 3 3 3 2 3
Respondent 51 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Respondent 52 3 5 4 3 5 5 5 3
Respondent 53 2 4 4 3 3 3 2 3
Variance 0.794 0.773 0.806 0.692 0.816 0.849 0.834 0.736
N 53
c 0.119
v 0.293
cronbach alpha 0.973
Research Question 2 Result Average Index Analysis
Statement Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5
Respondent 1 3 4 4 4 3
Respondent 2 3 5 4 5 3
Respondent 3 3 4 4 4 4
Respondent 4 3 3 5 5 3
Respondent 5 4 3 4 3 2
Respondent 6 2 4 3 3 1
Respondent 7 3 3 3 4 3
Respondent 8 2 4 3 3 1
Respondent 9 4 3 3 3 3
Respondent 10 2 2 1 4 4
Respondent 11 3 1 3 4 4
Respondent 12 4 5 5 5 3
Respondent 13 4 4 4 4 2
Respondent 14 3 3 3 3 1
Respondent 15 1 2 3 3 2
Respondent 16 3 2 3 2 4
Respondent 17 3 3 3 3 2
Respondent 18 3 3 4 3 3
Respondent 19 3 4 5 4 3
Respondent 20 4 4 3 4 4
Respondent 21 2 3 4 4 1
Respondent 22 4 4 3 4 2
Respondent 23 3 4 3 3 1
Respondent 24 3 3 3 3 2
Respondent 25 2 3 3 3 3
Respondent 26 4 3 3 3 2
Respondent 27 2 3 3 3 3
Respondent 28 4 3 3 3 1
Respondent 29 3 3 3 4 3
Respondent 30 3 3 3 3 3
Respondent 31 4 3 4 3 2
Respondent 32 4 4 4 3 1
Respondent 33 4 3 3 3 2
Respondent 34 4 2 4 3 1
Respondent 35 4 3 3 3 2
Respondent 36 5 4 4 3 3
Respondent 37 4 4 3 3 2
Respondent 38 3 3 3 3 3
Respondent 39 3 3 2 3 3
Respondent 40 3 3 4 2 1
Respondent 41 2 3 3 3 2
Respondent 42 4 4 3 3 2
Respondent 43 3 3 3 3 2
Respondent 44 3 2 3 4 1
Respondent 45 4 3 3 3 2
Respondent 46 3 4 3 3 2
Respondent 47 4 4 4 5 3
Respondent 48 4 4 5 3 2
Respondent 49 4 3 3 3 3
Respondent 50 3 3 4 3 4
Respondent 51 2 3 3 2 1
Respondent 52 2 3 3 5 3
Respondent 53 5 3 3 2 2
Average Index
Analysis 3.226 3.245 3.358 3.340 2.358
Cronbach’s Alpha
Statement Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5
Respondent 1 3 4 4 4 3
Respondent 2 3 5 4 5 3
Respondent 3 3 4 4 4 4
Respondent 4 3 3 5 5 3
Respondent 5 4 3 4 3 2
Respondent 6 2 4 3 3 1
Respondent 7 3 3 3 4 3
Respondent 8 2 4 3 3 1
Respondent 9 4 3 3 3 3
Respondent 10 2 2 1 4 4
Respondent 11 3 1 3 4 4
Respondent 12 4 5 5 5 3
Respondent 13 4 4 4 4 2
Respondent 14 3 3 3 3 1
Respondent 15 1 2 3 3 2
Respondent 16 3 2 3 2 4
Respondent 17 3 3 3 3 2
Respondent 18 3 3 4 3 3
Respondent 19 3 4 5 4 3
Respondent 20 4 4 3 4 4
Respondent 21 2 3 4 4 1
Respondent 22 4 4 3 4 2
Respondent 23 3 4 3 3 1
Respondent 24 3 3 3 3 2
Respondent 25 2 3 3 3 3
Respondent 26 4 3 3 3 2
Respondent 27 2 3 3 3 3
Respondent 28 4 3 3 3 1
Respondent 29 3 3 3 4 3