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2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont’d)
2.2 Changes in accounting policies (Cont’d)
Adoption of the above FRS and IC Interpretations did not have any effect on the financial performance or position of the Group and of the Company except for those discussed below.
Revised FRS 3 Business Combinations and Amendments to FRS 127 Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements
The adoption of the two revised standards affects the way in which the Group accounts for business combinations and the preparation of its consolidated financial statements. Under the revised FRS 3, all acquisition-related costs are recognised as an expense in the statement of comprehensive income in the period in which they are incurred. All considerations transferred, including contingent considerations, are measured at fair value as at the acquisition date. Any equity interests held prior to the date control is obtained is remeasured at fair value, with the resulting gains or losses recognised in the statement of comprehensive income. There is now an option on a case to case basis to measure non-controlling interests either at fair value or at the non-controlling interests’ proportionate share of the net identifiable assets of the assets acquired.
Goodwill arising from the business combination is measured as the difference between the aggregate fair value of consideration transferred, any non-controlling interests in the acquiree and the fair value at acquisition date of any previously-held equity interest in the acquiree, and the fair value of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed (including contingent liablilites) at acquisition date.
The revised FRS 127 requires that changes in ownership interest which do not result in a loss of control be accounted for as equity transactions, instead of in the statement of comprehensive income. Where changes in ownership interest results in loss of control, any remaining interest in the entity is remeasured at fair value and any resulting gains or losses is recognised in the statement of comprehensive income. Total comprehensive income will be proportionately allocated to non-controlling interests, even if it results in the non-controlling interests being in a deficit position.
2.3 Standards issued but not yet effective
The Group has not adopted the following standards and interpretations that have been issued but not yet effective:
• IC Interpretation 19: Extinguishing Financial Liabilities with Equity Instruments
• Amendments to IC Interpretation 14: Prepayments of a Minimum Funding Requirement
• Amendments to FRS 1: Severe Hyperinflation and Removal of Fixed Dates for First-time Adopters
• Amendments to FRS 7: Transfers of Financial Assets
• Amendments to FRS 112: Deferred Tax: Recovery of Underlying Assets
• FRS 124: Related Party Disclosures
• Amendments to FRS 101: Presentation of Items of Other Comprehensive Income
• FRS 10: Consolidated Financial Statements
• FRS 11: Joint Arrangements
• FRS 12: Disclosure of interests in Other Entities
• FRS 13: Fair Value Measurement
• FRS 119: Employee Benefits
• FRS 127: Separate Financial Statements
• FRS 128: Investment in Associate and Joint Ventures
• IC Interpretation 20: Stripping Costs in the Production Phase of a Surface Mine
• Amendments to FRS 7: Disclosures – Offsetting Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities
• Amendments to FRS 132: Offsetting Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities
• FRS 9: Financial Instruments
SARAWAK OIL PALMS BERHAD | Annual Report 2011
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2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont’d)
2.3 Standards issued but not yet effective (Cont’d)
The Directors expect that the adoption of the standards and interpretations above will have no material impact on the financial statements in the period of initial application, except as disclosed below:
Amendments to FRS 101: Presentation of Items of Other Comprehensive Income
The amendments to FRS 101 change the grouping of items presented in Other Comprehensive Income. Items that could be reclassified (or “recycled”) to profit or loss at a future point in time (for example, upon derecognition or settlement) would be presented separately from items that will never be reclassified. The amendment affects presentation only and has no impact on the Group’s financial position or performance.
FRS 9 Financial Instruments
FRS 9 reflects the first phase of work on the replacement of FRS 139 and applies to classification and measurement of financial assets and financial liabilities as defined in FRS 139. The adoption of this first phase of FRS 9 will have an effect on the classification and measurement of the Group’s financial assets but will potentially have no impact on classification and measurements of financial liabilities. The Group is in the process of making an assessment of the impact of adoption of FRS 9.
FRS 10 Consolidated financial statements
FRS 10 replaces the portion of FRS 127 Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements that addresses the accounting for consolidated financial statements. FRS 10 establishes a single control model that applies to all entities including special purpose entities. The changes introduced by FRS 10 will require management to exercise significant judgement to determine which entities are controlled, and therefore, are required to be consolidated by a parent, compared with the requirements that were in FRS 127.
FRS 12 Disclosure of Interests in Other Entities
FRS 12 includes all disclosure requirements for interests in subsidiaries, joint arrangements, associates and structured entities. A number of new disclosures are required. This standard affects disclosures only and has no impact on the Group’s financial position or performance.
FRS 13 Fair Value Measurement
FRS 13 establishes a single source of guidance under FRS for all fair value measurements. FRS 13 does not change when an entity is required to use fair value, but rather provides guidance on how to measure fair value under FRS when fair value is required or permitted. The Group is currently assessing the impact of adoption of FRS 13.
FRS 127 Separate Financial Statements
As a consequence of the new FRS 10 and FRS 12, FRS 127 is limited to accounting for subsidiaries, jointly controlled entities and associates in separate financial statements.
FRS 128 Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures
As a consequence of the new FRS 11 and FRS 12, FRS 128 is renamed as FRS 128 Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures. This new standard describes the application of the equity method to investments in joint ventures in addition to associates.
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2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont’d)
2.3 Standards issued but not yet effective (Cont’d)
Amendments to FRS 7: Disclosures – Offsetting Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities
The amendments require additional information to be disclosed to enable users of financial statements to evaluate the effect or potential effect of netting arrangements, including rights of set-off associated with the entity’s recognised financial assets and recognised financial liabilities, on the entity’s financial position. The amendment affects disclosure only and has no impact on the Group’s financial position or performance.
Amendments to FRS 132: Offsetting Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities
The amendments to FRS 132 clarified that a legally enforceable right to set off is a right of set off that must not be contingent on a future event; and must be legally enforceable in the normal course of business, the event of default and the event of insolvency or bankruptcy of the entity and all of the counterparties. The amendments further clarified that an entity will meet the net settlement criterion as provided in FRS 132 if the entity can settle amounts in a manner that the outcome is, in effect, equivalent to net settlement.
Malaysian Financial Reporting Standards (MFRS Framework)
On 19 November 2011, the Malaysian Accounting Standards Board (MASB) issued a new MASB approved accounting framework, the Malaysian Financial Reporting Standards (MFRS Framework).
The MFRS Framework is to be applied by all Entities Other Than Private Entities for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2012, with the exception of entities that are within the scope of MFRS 141 Agriculture (MFRS 141) and IC Interpretation 15 Agreements for Construction of Real Estate (IC 15), including its parent, significant investor and venturer (herein called ‘Transitioning Entities’).
Transitioning Entities will be allowed to defer adoption of the new MFRS Framework for an additional one year.
Consequently, adoption of the MFRS Framework by Transitioning Entities will be mandatory for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2013.
The Group falls within the scope definition of Transitioning Entities and accordingly, will be required to prepare financial statements using the MFRS Framework in its first MFRS financial statements for the year ending 31 December 2013. In presenting its first MFRS financial statements, the Group will be required to restate the comparative financial statements to amounts reflecting the application of MFRS Framework. The majority of the adjustments required on transition will be made, retrospectively, against opening retained profits.
The Group has not completed its assessment of the financial effects of the differences between Financial Reporting Standards and accounting standards under the MFRS Framework. Accordingly, the consolidated financial performance and financial position as disclosed in these financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2011 could be different if prepared under the MFRS Framework.
The Group expects to be in a position to fully comply with the requirements of the MFRS Framework for the financial year ending 31 December 2013.
2.4 Basis of consolidation
The consolidated financial statements comprise the financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries as at the reporting date. The financial statements of the subsidiaries used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements are prepared for the same reporting date as the Company. Consistent accounting policies are applied to like transactions and events in similar circumstances.
All intra-group balances, income and expenses and unrealised gains and losses resulting from intra-group transactions are eliminated in full.
SARAWAK OIL PALMS BERHAD | Annual Report 2011
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2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont’d)
2.4 Basis of consolidation (Cont’d)
Acquisitions of subsidiaries are accounted for by applying the acquisition method. Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination are measured initially at their fair values at the acquisition date. Acquisition-related costs are recognised as expenses in the periods in which the costs are incurred and the services are received.
In business combinations achieved in stages, previously held equity interests in the acquiree are re-measured to fair value at the acquisition date and any corresponding gain or loss is recognised in profit or loss.
The Group elects for each individual business combination, whether Non-controlling interests in the acquiree (if any) is recognised on the acquisition date at fair value, or at the non-controlling interest’s proportionate share of the acquiree net identifiable assets.
Any excess of the sum of the fair value of the consideration transferred in the business combination, the amount of Non-controlling interests in the acquiree (if any), and the fair value of the Group’s previously held equity interest in the acquiree (if any), over the net fair value of the acquiree’s identifiable assets and liabilities is recorded as goodwill in the statement of financial position. The accounting policy for goodwill is set out in Note 2.9. In instances where the latter amount exceeds the former, the excess is recognised as a gain on bargain purchase in profit or loss on the acquisition date.
Subsidiaries are consolidated from the date of acquisition, being the date on which the Group obtains control, and continue to be consolidated until the date that such control ceases.
2.5 Transactions with non-controlling interests
Non-controlling interests represents the equity in subsidiaries not attributable, directly or indirectly, to owners of the Company, and is presented separately in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income and within equity in the consolidated statement of financial position, separately from equity attributable to owners of the Company.
Changes in the Company owners’ ownership interest in a subsidiary that do not result in a loss of control are accounted for as equity transactions. In such circumstances, the carrying amounts of the controlling and non-controlling interests are adjusted to reflect the changes in their relative interests in the subsidiary. Any difference between the amount by which the Non-controlling interests is adjusted and the fair value of the consideration paid or received is recognised directly in equity and attributed to owners of the Company.
2.6 Foreign currency
(a) Functional and presentation currency
The individual financial statements of each entity in the Group are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (“the functional currency”). The consolidated financial statements are presented in Ringgit Malaysia (RM), which is also the Company’s functional currency.
(b) Foreign currency transactions
Transactions in foreign currencies are measured in the functional currency of the Company and its subsidiaries and are recorded on initial recognition in the functional currencies at exchange rates approximating those ruling at the transaction dates. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the rate of exchange ruling at the reporting date.
Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on translating monetary items at the reporting date are recognised in profit or loss.
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2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont’d)
2.7 Property, plant and equipment
All items of property, plant and equipment are initially recorded at cost. The cost of an item of property, plant and equipment is recognised as an asset if, and only if, it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Group and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.
Subsequent to recognition, property, plant and equipment are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. When significant parts of property, plant and equipment are required to be replaced in intervals, the Group recognises such parts as individual assets with specific useful lives and depreciation, respectively. Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognised in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in profit or loss as incurred.
Depreciation is computed on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:
Infrastructures over the remaining leasehold period
Buildings 5 – 20 years
Furniture and office equipment 5 – 10 years
Motor vehicles 4 – 5 years
Plant, machinery and field equipment 4 – 10 years
Assets under construction included in plant and equipment are not depreciated as these assets are not yet available for use.
The carrying values of property, plant and equipment are reviewed for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable.
The residual value, useful life and depreciation method are reviewed at each financial year-end, and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.
An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss on derecognition of the asset is included in the profit or loss in the year the asset is derecognised.
2.8 Plantation development expenditure
New planting expenditure incurred on land clearing, upkeep of immature oil palms and interest incurred during the pre-maturity period (pre-cropping costs) is capitalised under planting development expenditure. Upon maturity, all subsequent maintenance expenditure is charged to revenue and the capitalised pre-cropping cost is amortised on a straight line basis over 25 years, the expected useful life of oil palms.
All replanting expenditure is also capitalised in plantation development expenditure and amortised on the above-mentioned basis.
Certain plantation development expenditure have not been revalued since they were first revalued in 1991.
The Diretors have not adopted policy of regular revaluations of such assets and no later valuation has been recorded. As permitted under the transitional provisions of IAS16 (Revised): Property, Plant and Equipment, these assets continued to be stated at valuation less accumulated depreciation.
SARAWAK OIL PALMS BERHAD | Annual Report 2011
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2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont’d)
2.9 Intangible assets Goodwill
Goodwill is initially measured at cost. Following initial recognition, goodwill is measured at cost less accumulated impairment losses.
For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill acquired is allocated, from the acquisition date, to each of the Group’s cash-generating units that are expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination.
The cash-generating unit to which goodwill has been allocated is tested for impairment annually and whenever there is an indication that the cash-generating unit may be impaired, by comparing the carrying amount of the cash-generating unit, including the allocated goodwill, with the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit.
Where the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit is less than the carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognised in the profit or loss. Impairment losses recognised for goodwill are not reversed in subsequent periods.
Where goodwill forms part of a cash-generating unit and part of the operation within that cash-generating unit is disposed of, the goodwill associated with the operation disposed of is included in the carrying amount of the operation when determining the gain or loss on disposal of the operation. Goodwill disposed of in this circumstance is measured based on the relative fair values of the operations disposed of and the portion of the cash-generating unit retained.
2.10 Land use rights
Land use rights are initially measured at cost. Following initial recognition, land use rights are measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. The land use rights are amortised over their lease terms.
Certain land use rights have not been revalued since they were first revalued in 1991. The Directors have not adopted policy of regular revaluations of such assets and no later valuation has been recorded. As permitted under the transitional provisions of IAS16 (Revised): Property, Plant and Equipment, these assets continued to be stated at valuation less accumulated depreciation.
2.11 Impairment of non-financial assets
The Group assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any such indication exists, or when an annual impairment assessment for an asset is required, the Group makes an estimate of the asset’s recoverable amount.
An asset’s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value less costs to sell and its value in use. For the purpose of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows (cash-generating units (“CGU”)).
In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. Where the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is written down to its recoverable amount. Impairment losses recognised in respect of a CGU or groups of CGUs are allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to those units or groups of units and then, to reduce the carrying amount of the other assets in the unit or groups of units on a pro-rata basis.
Impairment losses are recognised in profit or loss.