The window is positioned at the center of the patch and rotated by 20°, 30°, 40°, 45°, 60° and 90°. Refer to Figure 3-8 for the illustration. The simulation result is shown below. Refer to Appendix F for the S-magnitude plots.
Table 4-6: Resonant frequencies for rotated window
Angle of f1 f2
Rotation (GHz) (GHz)
oo
3.1717 4.9495 20° 3.1717 5.0707 30° 3.1717 5.1919 40° 3.1313 4.8687 45° 3.1717 5.0707Go• 3.1717 5.0707
go· 3.1717 5.0707
From Table 4-5, at 30° rotation, the second frequency component f2 shifted from 4.9495 GHz to 5.1919 GHz as compared to the unrotated window. At 40° rotation, both frequency components were shifted. At 20°, 45°, 60° and 90° rotation, both frequency components remained the same as the antenna without window (refer to section 4.3). Rotating the window at a certain angle can be another method of controlling the resonant frequency of a microstrip antenna with window already positioned within the patch.
CHAPTERS
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Rectangular microstrip antenna with microstrip feedline (Figure 3-1) is shown to exhibit multiband operation. The simulation results showed an obvious connection between the dimensions of the patch and the feed location to the S-magnitude plot or the multi band characteristics of microstrip antenna.
Also the resonant frequencies of the micro strip antenna can be shifted by introducing the slot or window within the patch. This provides a mean to control the value of the resonant frequency at constant patch dimension by manipulating the slot position, orientation and size. Therefore, the dependency of the resonant frequencies of microstrip antenna to the patch dimension can be reduced with the presence of slot.
The investigation was restricted to limited number of patch sizes due to time constraint. However, the results obtained can be applicable to rectangular patch microstrip antennas with sizes in terms of their a to b ratio (refer to Figure 3-4) equal to the investigated cases. With more investigations on the effect of slot, microstrip antennas can be designed given the separation of frequency as the specification.
Further enhancement to the project in the future can include the integration of these aspects - patch dimensions (a and b), feed locations and slot variation - to provide proper direction to microstrip antenna design. The scope of the project could be broaden to include investigations on other patch shapes and slots manipulation that could produce more than two effective resonant frequencies. The studies on microstrip antennas polarization is also a possible field to be explored.
REFERENCES
[1] Wayne Tomasi, 2001, "Electronic Communications Systems: Fundamentals Through Advanced", 4th Edition, Prentice Hall International, Inc.
[2] Ramesh Garg, Prakash Bhartia, Inder Bah!, Apisak Ittipiboon, 2001,
"Microstrip Antenna Design Handbook", 1st Edition, Artech House, Inc.
[3] Constantine A. Balanis, 1997, "Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design", 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
[4] Kenneth R. Demarest, 1998, "Engineering Electromagnetics", 1'' Edition, Prentice Hall Inc.
[5] Steven R. Best, 2002, "On the Significance of Self-Similar Fractal Geometry in Determining the Multiband Behaviour of the Sierpinski Gasket Antenna", IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Volume 1
[6] Douglas H. Werner and Suman Ganguly, February 2003, "An Overview of Fractal Antenna Engineering Research", IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Volume 45, No. 1, pp38-57
[7] Carles Puente-Baliarda, Rafael Pous and Angel Cardama, April 1998, "On the Behavior of the Sierpinski Multiband Fractal Antenna", IEEE Transaction on Antennas and Propagation, Volume 46, No.4, pp517-524
APPENDIX A
S-magnitude plots- Shifting the feed line from the edge to the centre of side a
iD '0
p:! ·r:-
0.0
-5.0
-10.0
l
-15.0
' 1
-20.0
-25.0
-30.0
-35.0
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Figure A-5-l: Position 0
0.0 ~-
·~ l '\
-5.0 \ t ~
/;J'-
t--1---I+H---t---+---f\-+f---1
-10.0 +-1-+Ll!-1 +-1----+-+1"-· ----f-i'---1,
U \ I
,- \
-~-15.0 +-1-+~-+-+-+--+---11+---1
~+-~--1--1-4-~-4-
-20.0 +-+---+-+-1---+-+---''lil---i -25.o+-l-+-+--+-+---t--l--l
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
FJ·\~·q <_l(::n,_·y·( GHz) Figure A-2: Position 1
0.0
-5.0
\l 1', /
-1---1---lll \ /
-10.0
-15.0
-20.0
-25.0 +-+---+--+--1---+-+-+---
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Figure A-3: Position 2
;J''c _____ "'=..,
"
·,
. , \
I .
-10.0
+-t--tl.+, --+-+-f--",lt---;4'
---1If ~
+--+-~,~.-+-+~-~~~~
I ' l ~
iD ·20 o+-1---+-+--+-+-11--+~
~ '
.
!
·30.0 +-+----+-+-1---+-+fh'---, +---+-+---+-1--+---+ji!--.:
II
+-4 -4o.o+-+----+-+-l--+-+-+--1 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0Figure A-4: Position 3
-"-~-,..-,
'
-~- ~-0.0
'
l f'..,
l
·5.0
II
Ill \ I
f'
\If
·100
r' \, I'
I ..e
'
:;; -15.0
-20.0
'
I
i
-25.0
I
-30.0
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Figure A-5: Position 4
0.0
-5.0
·10.0 ,i:',
,_
-15.0
+-+-~~-4-+\-J~
-20,0
v
-2s.o+~t-+--l-+--l-+-+--i
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
!.l('Tlc:·y(GHz) Figure A-6: Position 5
0.0
-5.0
-10.0 p:·,
'D
-15.0
-20.0
-25.0 2.0
0.0 -5.0 -10.0 PJ -15 0 er;-; .
-20.0 -25.0 -30.0
2.0
,.
·--~"""
0.0 ---
-10.0
-20.0
!:::J '[]
-30.0
-40.0
-50.0 2.0
-~ t"''
--- ..
...,..,_I t ...
r •I ''•.;
"
:-,l
I , r~~
'
\' il '
~
3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Figure A-7: Position 6
=-~-
IV
r-- ,,
'
\l I
.! ' f'
' l I1
!, L,L___
'
3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Ji'r.;,::q-::.tencj;o( GHz) Figure A-8: Position 7
--'"'
lv
-~ ~---t--' ~\
\, • I
r
'
'H ~r;,_
!.1
-~-
~
~-
-~-II I
3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
}'req•_t,~:ncy ( GHz.l Figure A-9: Position 8
0.0 -~····-.. ~
-·
...,_,~,' . ,
-2.0
,._.
'-
-4.0
.,, ___
-6.0 ~-
c::, ,,
'"C·
-8.0 l
'· '
-10.0
t--
-12.0 '· L N
-14.0
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Figure A-10: Position 9
;;:; -10.0+-t--t-+-t--t-+-t-"\1--
\
-1l
- 1 5 . 0 + - t - - t - + - t - - t - + - + - + i
\ l!
-20.0 +-l---+-+---+-+---1--+---1
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Figure A-11: Position 10
APPENDIXB
S-magnitude plots - Shifting the feed line from the edge to the centre of side b
-0.2
-0.4 ~ ·--
-0.6 ~,.,~
-0.8
~ -1.0 \
-1.2 -1.4
\
-1.6
I\
-1.8
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Figure B-1: Position 0
-0.2
-~
-0.4
'"-
-0.6
---,_
'"-·
-0.8 \
r':) -1 o \
'U . ,_
-1.2 i\
-1.4 \
·~:
--,
-1.6 ~ ";,;;;~ _) f - -
-1.8
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
!~re,::pJcn,--:y( CJ-l::,') Figure B-2: Position 1
-0.2
'«.~ ••
-0.4
~-
-0.6
.,_,
-0.8
---
\::9 -1.0
i\
-1.2 \ '
l-\-
1 - -----1.4
-1.6
i::::_
-1.8
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
fr,~·qut"ll< )'(i.;Hz) Figure B-3: Position 2
·0.2 -0.4
-0.6 -0.8
-1.2 -14 -1.6
·1.8
2.0
-" '
'
\\
\
\
\
\
t/-=
"'-,..>'
3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Figure B-4: Position 3
-0.2 - , - - , . - - , - - , . - - , - - , - - - , - , - - - ,
-0.4
+--=f'··"" •. .. ,1-+-1-+-+--+--1
"''
-0.6+-t--+-=
-0.8 +-f---+--f---1--' \.·,rr--t---t----1
;; -1.0 +-f---\--t--t--11\\--+--t--1
-1.2
+-1-+-+--+-+\1,-. +-+--i
-1.4 +--t-+--t-+--1--\\-1f---+---l
\ ~
\ _ . f
-1.6 ,.~
-1.8 +--+--+---1-+--+--l'vt--
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Figure B-5: Position 4
-0.2
~.,
-0.4
"~
-0.6
'
r...,-0.8
'
~ -1.0
-1.2 \
\
-1.4
\ ...
-1.6 ,.
'
·~'· '-1.8
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
(CHz}
Figure B-7: Position 6
-0.2 -.-,---.--,---.--,---.--,----,
~--~~~-+--~+-+--~+----\
-0.4
+---f"--,o:-J"--+--+--+---+-+---1
-0.6+---i--t-=+--·---=b-+----+-+---1 ~.,
"·
-0.8 +---1-+---l-+-'-'ld-+---+---j
~ a
'"-' '1.0 +-+---+-+---\f---~1
,,--+----\---1 -1.2 +--+--+-+-!--+-'\\-\ +--+---1
-1.4
+---+-+--+-+--+-..!
\,+-+---i-1.6 +-+--+-+-+---+--l'.--1.>~--·<
+-+---l--+--+----l--+'\. __
£t---1.8+-+---+-+--+-+---+-+----l
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Figure B-8: Position 7
-0.2 -,---,--,---,--,---,-,---,--,
-0.8
+-+----\-+-+--"·;'l,j-+-+--
'•rg
-1.0 +-+-+---+---t---1f\-\-+-+---1
-1.2+-1--+-1--+-f-"\.-1--+---1
-1.4
+---+--+--+--+-+-\.J.,j --+----\
\. ~ //··~·"'
-1.6
+-+--+-+-+--+--P-=
F----1.8 +-+---+-+-+--+-+-+---+
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Figure B-9: Position 8
-0.2 ,---,---,--,--.----r--.-.---.
·~"'
-0.4+----.~+-+--+-+----1~+-i
"'-.
-0.6 +-1---+~~~"'rt-,+-1-+---1
-0.8+-1---+-1---+--'\ \f--+-f----1
r;:;
-1 0 +-+-+----1--+--f\1 \.,.---+-+----1-1.2+-1---+-1---+-f--\\'+-1---l -1.4 +-1---+-1---+-t--'\\+-t---1
'
-1.6 +-+-+----1--+-+--f\>,·, ,,,-,,,,,<~F?- -1.8+-+--+-+--+--+--1--+--1
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Figure B-10: Position 9
-0.2
"""·"""-
-0.4 "\""'
"- -0.6 1" .. ,•.
-0.8
'
r:c1 -1.0
"'
\-1.2 \
\
-1.4 I
\
-1.6 ,of'~
1\ .... i'
r--
-1.82.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
]1'rf•qu'~'ncv( Gliz.l Figure B-11: Position 10
APPENDIXC
S-magnitude plots- Effect of separation between the edges of the patch to the edges of dielectric
One
:t
corresponding to b or S=
3.6 em (side a= 3 em and side b = 1.8 em)::-:1
c;:•
0.0 -5.0
-10.0 if \. !'
I I
-15.0 -20.0 -25.0 -30.0
-35.0 i=::::!:=i:::::i=~l=i==l==l=:::i=l
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
F'recruv J-l·zl Figure C-1: Without window
-5.o +-+-+-+--i~~IH(-+-+I\_,\-l--h'''-"
+-1--1---1--1-!U
-1o.o rv+-I--+-1J.- 1 n
- II w ~ i'
~
-15.0+-+--1---t-~+--+--+--11--f~
,!
-2o.o +-+---+-+-+-+-+---1-H,-
-1-~ .i'"
-25.o+-+-+-+--+-+-+-+-+ll--ll----l
-30.0 +-+-1---+-+-+-+--+--+-+1--1
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Figure C-2: Location 2
0.0 ~.,,
'
(··-
i' """"' -5.01/
J]~ g
-10.0
v
/i
/ ".r-, I
f
"'-15.0
I ;
-20.0 \ !'
l '
-25.0 ~
I
-30.0
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Figure C-3: Location 3
0.0 -5.0
- . " ---···=..,.
., 7#---
Il It"
ll ll 4
-10.0 IV I .I
.I
-15.0
r:~;
·i
I
"f.,'
'
-20.0
-25.0 I
-30.0 -35.0
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Figure C-4: Location 4
2
..t
corresponding to b or S = 7.2 em0.0
-- -,
"\,.~~"~
-5.0 I \ ./"""
\! \
I-10.0
;:r~
H I
-·
I
·:_,
-15.0
d
111 '
-20.0 \,
~
-25.0
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 ' 6.0
Figure C-5: Without window
0.0 -~
'\
,'
-----.,_
--·-
-5.0 ---1---f----ll\ •y----1---il-'\-+---il,__ /.-_·--i
~+-~r~~--i---~+-\+-~~~~
-1 D. 0 --l---l---l--1
\;/'-l---l---l---l'-l---/t•-
-1---___.j-1----1--+---:1--1---+---<1-/ 1--
-15.0 --l---l--+---+---+-+---I.H
il
1 j----1---i-20.0 --1---if--+---i--+-_jf---fL---if---i
-25.0 +-+-___.j--+-+--1--+-+---i
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Figure C-6: Location 2
0.0 '""c">-., '~
\ _r"=~-.
!
"
""..,~~,.i
'5.0
~ I
i1\
f! ' '· G ~
r
hi
i)) ''':/ '10.0 H
'
H
'15.0 q
h ;,;
l-1 '20.0
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
t'. ·"'--! GH~l
'
Figure C-7: Location 3
0.0
f''-\
-cr'-== '"' ~-5.0
t/
j . 1\ \ il r
-10.0
(tJ
\' "t!
\ l
-r:;
\ !
-15.0
II
I
-20.0
-25.0
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
·_J•._:·r Jo.;_y ( f;J iz) Figure C-8: Location 4
One A, corresponding to a or S = 6 em
"1::::
0.0 ~u~;,
.,
... -=< -·,.,-5.0
I
[\ '~ f
\ /
I I
-10.0
\ I
\ !v
I ;'
-15.0 I
I
ll
-20.0
IV
-25.0
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
FJ'<::'quency(GHz)
Figure C-9: Without window
'
-5.0 +---1f--l\--l/-+. -+-1-"''• -1--ht·"i'
+--+--H\-1H!
-+--+-4\+-;fL/-i -1o.o+-+-HlJ:-·
+--+-t---'\.11---1{'-+---1-15.o+-f--+-+--+-+-~irl-+--l
f--+-+-f--+-+-l"-<---1--i ld
-20.0 + - + - - + - + - + - - + - - - l i i - + - - +
!I
~~
-25.0-l--+--+-+-+---+-+-+---1
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
F' n~:'q w-.' JK'},r ( GHz 1
Figure C-10: Location 2
0.0 'T<""'>o.
-2.0 \
-4.0 -6.0 r:.c -8.0 -100 -12.0 -14.0 -16.0
2.0 3.0 4.0
5.0
6.0fi'1·.::'CjUCJl\ (Gl-!t,) Figure C-11: Location 3
\. /
r-~~
-5.0:~~:~~~~-;, __ ---lr-1:~~~~~::\-,,---1:,__/---+---1
If \
P:l ,,~
"" -1o.o +--1--H~l--: -+-+-+-\--lf---1----1
-15.0
+--+-+--+-+---+-l~t---+--i-20.0
+---+-+---+-+----+-+----+---1
2.0 3.0 4.0
5.0
6.0Figure C-12: Location 4
2 A corresponding to a or S
=
12 em0,0
-5.0
It /
' '\ /
~ q
+-+---t--!'L' +-t---t--'1<,---t,\' ,.~ , L _ _ '
l.i l t
-10,0
~:r:'
-15,0
lllr--
-;:_;.
p:~
r,·;
-20,0
-25,0
-30,0 2,0
-5,0
3,0 4,0 5,0
I' ft'
Figure C-13: Without window
6,0
-10,0 i
I
t+-+--Hr~~-+-~-,~-
1
~--:+--+-15,0
-20.0
-25.0
+-+--1--+-+--+-~\
j
+--+--+--+--+--+~n~, +--~
' ~
+-+--~-+-+-+-+fi-t--!
\I
w
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Figure C-14: Location 2
0.0 -~,-.~- ,,...,,,
?"'"
--.
-5.0
.,
l "\
i { ' i
I I
l
' l
1\ L,J
~ F
-10.0 ~j
u:1
u
v
-15.0 ~t--
:' l
., '
!!
-20.0
\i
~:j f - --25.0
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Figure C-15: Location 3
1;. ; .... ,
-5.0+-+--+' ~1 -i'·f---+-+-'~+--+~'\ J 1
+---+--+
~ f y'l ~
(;ff-1o.o+-t--++J-+--t-+---+' 1 '
f---1! n
L--if--f--f--f--f-+~1
-15.0, i , ; -
[ 1
:'
-20.0 1l
+--+-+-r--+-+--+-'Lr---
-25.0 +-+---+-+--+--+--+--+~
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
_?:n_·qu,_o.ncy( CHz) Figure C-16: Location 4
APPENDIXD
S-magnitude plots- Effect of varying slot position
rr:-
"C:
1:~~
'T' 0.0 -5.0 -10.0 -15.0 -20.0 -25.0 -300 -35.0
0.0 -5.0 -10.0 -15.0 -20.0 -25.0 -30.0 -35.0
+-f--+l!IH--l--+---1''\~ c - -
Q
1\c-!f--f ~ ~
-1----+-+----l----1--1--I-\-J f--
+----1--l--+---1---1--W' ' ~
-+----+-+---+----1--+--+--<rt _
n
!l
ll'--
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Figure D-1: Position I
,._ '"\,_ ,, ·c.
l ""
-~,!""fi
\ ifTl :--
If I I
' '
I ,f--l i
f--u
f----H
f--1f ii
~ f - -:,1
I
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
1''r ,~:q-~Jcncy ( C1·f z) Figure D-2: Position 2
-1o.o+-+---+-!-i--l--f--+-51---:i--
+--+---+----l--f---l----llt--~-
s=' -15.0
+--+-+-+---I--I----J.l
1--i+-
v -2o.o+-f--l--l--+-+---l--!J+-
I
-25.0
+--+-+-+---1--1---+-11!1+---
~
-30.0 +-+----+--1--f--+--1---1--
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Figure D-3: Position 3
0.0
-
f"·•" ~·"-!
7
·5.0
l \
Ill ' \
l
-10.0 ,, -
\ r
-15.0 ?
cr.[ T
'T:;'
-20.0 -25.0 -30.0 -35.0
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
r'T'>:,·q\.1\.":Tl(:y· ( GH-1;) Figure D·4: Position 4
0.0 ·=·· ~,
-
~,' 7
!'\: !>''•""'"-5.0
'
l'
H \ '
-mo '-"
~ f
-15.0
-[-
+--!:.0
r:::· ~ j
-20.0
l
!-25.0 Iii
f'
-30.0 -35.0
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Figure D-5: Position 5
0.0 -5.0 -10.0 -15.0 p:_·) 'C::i
-20.0 -25.0 -30.0 -35.0
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
l1'-J-el.j11F~nc::r ( GH '2',) Figure D-6: Position 6
0.0 -5.0
~- ·-..,~,
~~.,.~-
'
>/''"'! ' \ I
-10.0
- f ~,, \ /
i ll
-15.0 !
)D ·o -20.0
I
!. ! l
-25.0
I
.0-30.0 -35.0
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
T'_;·,:'qucn<'y( CJ-Iz.'J Figure D-7: Position 7
0.0
"""'<<,
'
' l
I/-·
-5.0 '
' ' 1\
-10.0
v \
Il
l '1:Li
-15.0
I I
r:-;-
If
-20.0
-25.0 !·, f
-30.0
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
P'r\C-'q·u\'_' nc·.v( C'J-:iz) Figure D-8: Position 8
0.0
----,
,__.~,.._ '"~,_'i, -1'
'
[\-, /"h 1ij
\
i lIJ 'f \
.i
1 '
' '
-5.0
-10.0
i
l
1\ l
-20.0 I
i
I u
-25.0
-30.0
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Figure D-9: Position 9
0.0
--
... '"-..•'
I ....- .. _
/'~-5.0
1 '
\\
iI '
I'
i I-10.0 ~! I
'
'
::n
T ,~
Ll:'i 'T]
-15.0 ,.
I .1
·"
-20.0 ¥
-~
l
~\
-25.0
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Figure D-10: Position 10
\.I \ I
-10.0 +-+--+~'---+--+--+-.\ \'--+-...;.1'-+-
1 l
-15.0 -1----l--l----l----l--l---ll-l-j:.--l-~
-20.0 +-+--+--+--+--+-·!-.1--J-..-j
+--f---1--+-+--f---i•'i---1--1
~
-25.0 +-+---1--+--+---+--+--J-..-j
0.0 -5.0 -10.0 -15.0 -20.0 -25.0 -30.0 -35.0
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
i"r<=:(J-IJcnc·y( Gllz) Figure D-11: Position 11
~-~-iJJ,~f--1--~-~-£--
+--+--+--+--+---1--~--f~
+-+-+-~f---+-+-+\-J I - -
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
_l~requcncy( GJ-Iz.) Figure D-12: Position 12
0.0 ~;-·~
--.""
-5.0 ' \
f
'\ r--~I l
-10.0
!
f
-15.0 rt:·,
-20.0
T
IJ
ilI
-25.0 l
-30.0 -35.0
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Figure D-13: Position 13
-5.0--l---l-~
H-i -f-+r'\---:li.,rt----lf--t'L;'"f)
li1
I
-10.0 --l--1---J-,'oL-i---jf---J---J<---I'---
, \
"' +----+--+--"'--+---+-+-+'HI---
-15.o +-+---1'---+-+-+----l---'11,~
, !1---
l l
ij i:
-20.0
+-+----l--+-+-+--1----*
1 1'-+--~II y
-25.0 --l--1---i---l---j--J-_-l----LJ _ __j
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Figure D-14: Position 14
' ! '\.
-5.o +---1--+~~~·-+--+--+---'HI-+-iL
\ / \ I
+--+-~~H'-l--+--l-~.+-~___j
ll
i10 0 --l---1----l----:--5--1---1--+--!'ll -~
- q I
iD 'i
•
~
-15.o-+---l---1--l---1---l--wi:_l
f.-\ I
-20.0 --l---l---l---l--l---l---l---11A
~--l--1
u
,_-25.0 +-+----+--+--+--+--+--1---.j
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Figure D-15: Position 15
APPENDIXE
S-magnitude plots- Effect of slot size
L:C:, '"T";
0.0
-10.0
-20.0
-30.0
-40.0
-50.0 2.0
-
·-...,Jr -
--
\ --....,
J /
\ f I
I
3.0 4.0 5.0
J ;·o::·qut: Jl,_·,:v(CH~·;)
.... ,.,
..
6.0
Figure E-1: Slot size 0.2 times the patch size
\\ l \
-5.0 +---l--\h"'--j--!----'.f--!----,cf---1
\ '
, II
j
·1 ll
~~ -10.0 +-f--+-+---t--1t----,if---t--i
-15.0 +--f--+-+---t--+i-l--+---t--i
-20.0 +--1----+-+----t--+--+--+--i
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Figure E-2: Slot size 0.3 times the patch size
0.0 ...
,\
~-
---
r-~~-5.0
\ i
l\ I/
II
\~ "
"'
• I~~ -10.0
\ !
;
~ I I
-15.0
1¥
I
-20.0
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Vreq il\'_·nc~·-i( G1iz)
Figure E-3: Slot size 0.4 times the patch size
(J~
'1~;
1:c,
T;
-5.0 +--+-tw,r--+-+---+-\H---n'e--/--1
11 \
!\ l
g
~ .!
-15.0+-f-+-t--t-+---+· 1,-,,;'-t--- v -20.0 +-'---+-+---t-+---t-+----1
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Figure E-4: Slot size 0.5 times the patch size
0.0 -2.0
-4.0
-6.0 -8.0
-10.0 -12.0
-14.0
2.0
""""••·· -~
--
'·~-I
h \I
r u
II jJ !i
[
3.0 4.0
\
\
u
1
~ I
I
i
II ,. I' ' I
ll
5.0 6.0
Figure E-5: Slot size 0.6 times the patch size
0.0 ··--,....,., r -
- -.,
-2.0
-4.0 -6.0
-8.0
i .I \ '
l l i
'; ~
r--J-t !. I L 1\ ~
u
;n
IJ
I f/
j! l
1--
1 -
-t
~~I
1 -\
!
-10.0
' J
-12.0
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Figure E-6: Slot size 0. 7 times the patch size
0.0 "'··-·-, l·"
--- ----
"
-2.0
I
\\
''
-4.0 ,::..:·
+-[I l \I
ll 1\ ! v
,,
-6.0
Ill \ I
" "
l
....-8.0
I ~ -10.0 I
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
)''req·l_lt.·JtC) (f.;H;;)
Figure E-7: Slot size 0.8 times the patch size
0.0 --.,1 ~- ~-
" ~~
.,,
'
-1.0
I \ ---""
I \_ ,;"·
-2.0
"i I /
-3.0
i
iiT:1 I
'T""
-4.0
-5.0 ·i \
!
n
-6.0 I
\f_
-7.0
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Figure E-8: Slot size 0.9 times the patch size
APPENDIXF
S-magnitude plots- Effect of slot rotation
0.0 ·-•-.,,,.
~,,,\
,,J-"'"'~ ·'~"'---...
; t'
I
,,r4-5.0 1 \
\l
'\
~ ~ I -'
tf ' "
-10.0 tt
q:;
\
)~'G· '
-15.0
'
l l I r J-20.0 ,F
'
• ' l '-25.0
.I
I
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Figure F-1: 20 degree
(\ /'#
-5.01 +-+--1\i---;l!'-1--+-t-\,,---t-+J''---1 ~
i \
+--r~h~-~-+-+-+,-+--+~
-~-+-+\',JLt+-t--~4+-j
-10.0 ,-- , H----
1
;~~ -15.0+-t---1--t--t----+----1-'-'--1--~
-20.0 + - t - - - - t - - t - - - - t - + - + l - ' - t - - 1 l\
II
- 2 5 . o + - t - - t - - t - - t - + - H - - - - t - - l '11 -3o.o+'---l-+-+-+-+--+-+----1
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
F'; ''CJllcnc·y ( CJ-1 ~)
Figure F-2: 30 degree
0.0 -5.0
~0~''-"-
,---.,
/-
< """';,,,
l 1\ /
-10.0 f
'
I ll /-15.0
~-, '
1 I '
'1) '
-20.0 !
-25.0 t
~
-30.0 ~
i -35.0
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Figure F-3: 40 degree