Deforestation analysis using remote sensing

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By

NEBYU YON AS SUTRI

DISSERTATION

Submitted to the Electrical

&

Electronics Engineering Programme in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for the Degree

Bachelor of Engineering (Hons) (Electrical

&

Electronics Engineering)

May, 2011

UniversitiTeknologiPetronas Bandar Seri Iskandar

31750 Tronoh

Perak DarulRidzuan

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CERTIFICATION OF APPROVAL

DEFORESTATION ANALYSIS USING REMOTE SENSING

by

Nebyu Yonas Sutri

A project dissertation submitted to the Electrical and Electronics Engineering Programme

UniversitiTeknologi PETRONAS in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (Hons)

(ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING)

Approved by,

(Dr. Aamir Saeed Malik)

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS TRONOH, PERAK

May, 2011

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CERTIFICATION OF ORIGINALITY

This is to certify that I am responsible for the work submitted in this project, that the original work is my own except as specified in the references and acknowledgements, and that the original work contained herein have not been undertaken or done by unspecified sources or persons.

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ABSTRACT

Deforestation is becoming a great danger to the existence of our mother world, Earth, in recent years. Clearance and removal of tress without sufficient replacement resulted in a wide range change of forestlands all over the world.

Because of that forest qualities are being degraded continuously, plant and animal lives are being affected negatively. Deforestation also imposed its negative impact on soil, climate and environment.

Population expansion, industrialization and scarcity of land are the major causes for the deforestation. However economical and natural reasons like, dependences for heat and energy, wildfire and drought also contribute for the aggravation of this problem. Deforestation affects human life and environment in a negative way. Therefore it is a global desire to come up with a structured way of checking, monitoring and fighting this great danger worldwide before it is too late to take things back to order.

This project presents a fuzzy c-mean clustering segmentation based deforestation analysis using remotely sensed data. Remote sensing has given a very unique and reliable source of data for forestation and deforestation monitoring and which can be extracted easily, cheaply and timely. This study gives and analysis of OTSU and Fuzzy c-mean segmentation based effective deforestation analysis methods which deploys satellite images to study and analyze deforestation rates.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Before saying anything I would like to thank GOD for His grace and Mercy that He gave me to get through this project. I would like to take this opportunity to thank all parties who has contributed their effort for the completion of this project.

I would like to express my most sincere and deepest appreciation to my supervisor Dr. Aamir Saeed Malik for providing me the opportunity to be supervised under him and providing me all the necessary information and materials for this project, I am thankful for his limitless support and supervision.

I would like to express my deepest gratitude to all staff of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department at Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, especially Final Year Project I and II coordinators and Computer Vision and Image Processing graduate assistants. I am thankful to them for their kind cooperation's and help.

The greatest appreciation goes to my family who did everything for me from the moment I was born to the present. I would not be a person who I have become today without their help and positive attitude towards me. Furthermore, I would like to thank my friends for their comments, help and positive criticism.

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TABLE CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 ... 1

INTRODUCTION .. . ... . ... 1

1.1 Background of study ... 1

1.2 Problem statement ... 3

1.3 Objective and scope ofproject ... 3

CHAPTERL... ... ... ... . . ... 5

LITERATURE REVIEW ... 5

2 .1 Remote sensing ... 5

2.2 Deforestation in relation to human population ... 7

2.3 Color spaces ... I 0 2.3.1 L*a*b* color space ... 10

2.3 .2 HSV and HSI color spaces ... 11

CHAPTER 3 ... 13

METHODOLOGY ... 13

3.1 Data Acquisitions ... 13

3.2 Feature selection ... 13

3.3 Satellite (Digital) image processing ... 14

3.3.1 Image Segmentation, Otsu method ... 14

3.3.2 Image clustering ... 15

3.4 Tools and equipment used . . . . . .. .. .. . . . ... 17

CHAPTER4 ... 18

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ... 18

4.1 Color space transformations and feature selections ... 18

4.2 Deforestation analysis algorithms implementation and analysis ... 22

4.2.1 Ground truth data ... 23

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