DESIGNING A MOBILE APPLICATION FOR EMERGENCY SITUATION IN RESIDENTIAL AREA
Nurazeemah Binti Mohammad Shamhari
Bachelor of Applied Arts with Honours (Design Technology)
2016
DESIGNING A MOBILE APPLICATION FOR EMERGENCY SITUATION IN RESIDENTIAL AREA
NURAZEEMAH BINTI MOHAMMAD SHAMHARI
This project is submitted in partial fulfillment of
the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Applied Arts with Honours (Design Technology)
Faculty of Applied and Creative Arts UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK
2016
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAW AK
Grade: _ _ _ _ _ _ Please tick (.Jj
Final Year Project Repon
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Masters
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PhD
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DECLARATION OF ORIGINAL WORK
This declaration is made on the 8 th day of June.2016.
Student's Declaration:
I, NURAZEEMAH BINTI MOHAMMAD SHAMHARI from FACULTY OF APPLIED AND CREATIVE ARTS hereby declare that the work entitled, DESIGNING A MOBILE APPLICATION FOR EMERGENCY SITUATION IN RESIDENTIAL AREA is my original work. I have not copied from any other students' work or from any other sources except where du~ reference or acknowledgement is made explicitly in the text, nor has any part been written for me by another person.
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Date submitted Nurazeemah Binti Mohammad Shamhari (4511 4)
Supervisor's Declaration:
I, SALMIAH BINTI ABDUL HAMID hereby cel1ify that the work entitled, DESIGNING A MOBILE APPLICA T10N FOR EMERGENCY SlTUAT10N IN RESIDENTIAL AREA was prepared by the above named student, and was submitted to the "FACULTY" as a' pallial/full fulfilment for the conferment of Bachelor of Applied Arts with Honours, and the aforementioned work, to the best of my knowledge, is the said student's work.
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Received for examination by: : ;
Salmiah Binti Abdul Hamid
I declare this ProjectlThesis is classified as (Please tick (.J)):
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CONFIDENTIAL (Contains confidential information under the Official Secret Act 1972)*RISTRICTED (Contains restricted information as specified by the organization where research was done)*
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Notes: * If the ProjectlThesis is CONFIDENTIAL Or RESTRICTED, please attach together as annexure a letter from the organization with the period and reasons of confidentiality and restriction.
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The project entitled ‘Designing A Mobile Application for Emergency Situation In Residential Area’ was prepared by Nurazeemah Binti Mohammad Shamhari and submitted to the Faculty of Applied and Creative Arts in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor of Applied Arts with Honours (Design Technology).
Received for examination by:
(Cik Salmiah binti Abdul Hamid) Date:
______________________
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special appreciation and thanks to my supervisor Cik Salmiah Abdul Hamid, you have been a tremendous mentor for me. I would like to thank you for encouraging and supporting my final year project research till the end and other lecturers who give their humble opinions and critics so that I can become a better designer. Deepest thanks and appreciation to my parents, sister, and others for their cooperation, encouragement, constructive suggestion and full of support for the report completion, from the beginning till the end. Also thanks to all of my friends and everyone, that has been contributing in the completion of this project by supporting my work and helped me during the final year project.
v Acknowledgement
Table of Contents List of Figure List of Table Abstract
iv v viii viii ix TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION 1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of Study 1.2 Problem Statement 1.3 Research Questions 1.4 Research Objective 1.5 Research Scope 1.6 Significant of Study 1.7 Limitation of Study 1.8 Definition of Term
1.8.1 Mobile Application 1.8.2 Emergency Situation 1.8.3 User Experience (UX) 1.8.4 User Interface (UI) 1.9 Conclusion
1 2 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 CHAPTER 2 : LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Introduction
2.1 Type of emergency situation in Residential Area 2.2 Prevention of Emergency Situation
2.3 Mobile Apps Design 2.4 Operating System
2.5 User Experience (UX) and User Interface (UI) 2.6 Conclusion
8 9 10 12 13 13 15 CHAPTER 3 : RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.0 Introduction 3.1 Research Design 3.2 Research Process 3.3 Research Method
3.3.1 Qualitative Approach
16 17 18 18
vi 3.3.1.1 Pilot Study 3.3.1.2 Observation 3.3.1.3 Focus Group 3.3.1.4 Interview 3.4 Data Analysis
3.5 Validity and Reliability 3.6 Ethic of the study 3.7 Conclusion
19 20 20 21 22 22 23 23 CHAPTER 4 : FINDING AND ANALYSIS
4.0 Introduction 4.1 Observation
4.1.1 User Journey Mapping 4.2 Interview
4.3 User-Testing 4.3.1 Sound 4.3.2 Colours
4.3.3 Interface Design
4.3.4 Difficulty to use the App 4.4 Emergency App Name
4.5 Conclusion
24 25 27 29 30 30 30 31 32 33 CHAPTER 5 : DESIGN RECOMMENDATION
5.0 Introduction
5.1 Icon Development Design
5.2 Mobile Application Development 5.2.1 Information Architecture 5.2.2 Wireframe
5.2.3 User Interface (UI) Design 5.2.4 Features
5.2.4.1 Emergency Alert Button 5.2.4.2 Personal Alert
5.2.4.3 Locator
5.2.4.4 Crime Announcement 5.3 Typography
5.4 Colour 5.5 Conclusion
34 35 36 38 39 40 42 43 44 44 45 46 47 48
vii CHAPTER 6 : CONCLUSION
REFERENCES APPENDIXES
49 51 55
viii LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.4 Common systems in OS by IDC (2013) Pie Chart 4.4 Suitable name for emergency app Figure 5.1 Icon Development Design
Figure 5.2 The process of mobile application development (Varshney & Vetter, 2001)
Figure 5.2.1 Information Architecture
Figure 5.2.2 Kuching Wide Awake wireframe Figure 5.2.3.1 Process of the Interface Design
Figure 5.2.3.2 Final design of Kuching Wide Awake app Figure 5.2.4 Kuching Wide Awake Features
Figure 5.2.4.1a Emergency alert button Features Figure 5.2.4.1b Notification alert
Figure 5.2.4.2 Personal Alert Figure 5.2.4.3 Locator
Figure 5.2.4.4 Crime Announcement Figure 5.3 Process of selective typeface Figure 5.4 Process of colour scheme
13 32 35 36 38 39 40 41 42 43 43 44 44 45 46 47
LIST OF TABLE
Table 2.1 Crime Index Composition
Table 4.1 The suspicious time when crime might occur Table 5.2 Mobile Application Development Process
10 26 36
ix ABSTRACT
Mobile application has a significant impact in term of accessing, retrieving, disseminating and applying information. Within a short period, a large number of threats that occur in Malaysia, especially in residential areas may cause fear of crime. Although CCTV and Security Alarm have existed, the number of crime is still increasing. Therefore, ‘Kuching Wide Awake’ app which is adapted from ‘Crime Prevention through Environmental Design’ or CPTED designed to alert Kuching communities when emergencies occur. Apart from that, this app still stays operational in areas where no internet access is available and automatically connected to the nearest police stations.
x ABSTRAK
Kadar jenayah pecah rumah di kawasan perumahan di Malaysia semakin meningkat walaupun sistem penggera dan CCTV telah diperluaskan. Projek ini merupakan pembangunan aplikasi mudah alih yang dinamakan Kuching Wide Awake untuk membantu mengurangkan kadar jenayah dalam kalangan penduduk sekitar Kuching. Aplikasi mudah alih ini diadaptasikan daripada ‘Pencegahan Jenayah Melalui Reka Bentuk Alam Sekitar’ atau CPTED. Selain itu, aplikasi mudah alih ini boleh berfungsi di kawasan yang tiada internet dan disambungkan secara automatik ke balai polis terdekat.
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.0 Introduction
This chapter contains background of the study, problem statement, research questions, objectives of the research, research scope, significant of study and limitation of the study. The main purpose of this study is to create a mobile application that would help people in need or face emergency in residential areas.
2 1.1 Background of Study
Mobile devices (tablets, smartphones), mobile Web sites, and mobile applications (apps) have a significant ability to access, retrieve, disseminate, and apply information. Apps have becoming part of our daily life. According to O’Toole (2014), most communities use their smartphone more than PCs to browse the Internet. Mobile apps assist with e-learning, assistive technology for disabilities people, medical technology, and information technology that includes databases, government information, educational Websites (Hennig, 2014)
Nowadays, many crime issues in Malaysia have been reported in social media, especially robbery, murder, assault, and theft. (Habibullah & Law, 2008). In fact, most people facing crimes or emergency situation usually get panic attacks, thus they lost their conscious to respond and call the police stations. This situation leads the victim to have fear of crime (FOC). According to Overseas Security Advisory Council (OSAC) Malaysia (2015) Crime and Safety report, house breaking crime often occurred and generally do not results in any injuries or death being reported However, there are some burglars who entered the victim's house especially bedrooms have taken action on the victim by tying them up and threatening them with dangerous weapons.
The pattern of demography and social-cultural in Malaysia is set-up in the cities with the new structure of residential areas (Ahmad, Ahmad,& Abdullah, 2009).
The residential area concept is divided into two elements; i) Gated Residential Area
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and ii) Non-Gated Residential Area (JPBD, 2009). Gated residential areas are defined as a fenced area builds for individual lot with access to the housing area itself together with coupled with security guard at the entrance and installed with security systems such as closed circuit television (CCTV). Meanwhile, a non-Gated residential area is totally opposite with the gated residential area.
1.2 Problem Statement
According to Bolla et al. (2011) emergency security services are mainly related with three services such as Police Station, Medical Centre and Fire Station.
Police can be described as a service that provides public safety and fight against crimes. Emergency medical service provides essential medical care for patients from treatment to transportation facilities. (Kobusingye, et al. 2006).
Unresolved crime threat in Malaysia has becoming a concerning issue which affects the public confidence towards police force. However, most people cannot afford to install CCTV and security system due to high cost. Polis Di Raja Malaysia (2016) described the urban area or residential area is a very high risk areas based on reports from selected crime by the media. Therefore, the prevention of emergency situation is important in residential areas. The design of this mobile application should be in an optimum easy touch button or sensors so that it can complement with the safety needs in residential areas.
4 1.3 Research Questions
i. What type of common emergency situation that commonly occur in Malaysia?
ii. How to give the informative mobile application about prevention of emergency situation?
iii. What kind of mobile application design is suitable for emergency situation in residential areas?
1.4 Research Objectives
The objectives of this research are:
i. To identify the type of common emergency situation that always happened in Malaysia.
ii. To analyze the informative mobile application about prevention on the emergency situation.
iii. To propose a mobile application design for emergency situation in residential areas.
5 1.5 Research Scope
The research scope is focused on designing a mobile application for emergency situation in residential areas. Mobile application has becoming a crucial element of digital technology use nowadays. The focus of the study is to obtain critical attention in order to prevent the emergency situation, especially crime threats in residential areas.
1.6 Significant of study
The significance of this study is to associate with the application that would greatly help community that experience emergency cases. The result of this study is very important to create awareness of different type of emergency that occur among the community. Besides, this study might contribute knowledge and guide people in need with the mobile application in order to prevent emergency situations. It also can be helpful for others to design a prototype which might be useful for future studies among new generation inventor.
6 1.7 Limitation of Study
The main limitation of the study is the people from early generation have difficulties in using mobile application or smart phones. Besides, time constraints and lack of communication between researchers and the respondent since mobile application technology develops faster over time. Researcher took four months to get crime report from Polis Di-Raja Malaysia because there are procedures which need to be followed in order to get the official crime report in Kuching.
1.8 Definition of the term 1.8.1 Mobile Application
According to Charland and Leroux (2011), a mobile application is a software application design developed specifically in mobile devices platform such as smartphone and tablets.
1.8.2 Emergency Situation
Emergency situation is an unexpected, actual or impending situation that may cause dead, injury, destruction, loss or disruption to the extent that it poses a threat. (DRJ Editorial Advisory Board, 2005)
7 1.8.3 User Experience (UX)
User experience refers to the experience that a person interacts with a product and services in particular conditions. There are many type of people, products and environments that influence the experience that interaction. (Ilinskaia A, 2016).
1.8.4 User Interface (UI)
According to Shneiderman (2003), user interface (UI) is information devices designed to interact with. This includes display screen, keyboard, appearance of the screen and how an application program or software interaction and responds to user.
1.9 Conclusion
As a conclusion, this research focus on finding out the problem that faced by community in residential area and solve their problem by creating a mobile application for emergency situation that have clear user interface and user experience. In addition, this research will be conducted in Kuching residential area.
8 CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Introduction
The current emergency, alert and public safety systems take centralized approaches and do not tap any available local rescue service (Gautam, Mukul &
Ahmed, 2010). For example, when dialling emergency number it is usually connected to a centralized Public Safety Answering Point, which then send emergency rescuers
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at the crime scene. On average, it takes approximately 10-20 minutes to arrive.
Furthermore, they require pre-established links and infrastructure, which may not be available everywhere, especially in areas affected by natural disaster such as earthquake and floods.
2.1 Type of emergency situation in Residential Area
Emergency situation that always occurred in residential area frequently house breaking crime that may causes fear of crime among communities in neighbourhood.
Gibson, et al (2002), have conducted a survey crime cases that occurred in residential area within 12 months by providing questionnaire towards respondent. Zhao et al (2002) found that the common crimes that occur in those particular areas were house break-ins, vehicle theft, damage to public property, and physical assault on individuals. The given answer from respondent has shown a general sense of safety in specific crime measure. Constantly, the specific crime measures a respondent’s general sense of safety (Ferraro & LaGrange, 1987).
According to Polis Di Raja Malaysia (PDRM, 2016), the crime always occurred in Malaysia is house breaking cases by 5% in 2013. It was achieved by 6.5% in 2014 and 11.7% in 2015. The properties theft was counted for 80% total index than 20%
for violence crime. Property crimes cause threat or harm to a victim that leads to
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murder death and might be murdered. In total, the categories of crime in crime index are shown in Table 2.1.
Table 2.1 : Crime Index Composition Violence Crime Properties Theft
Murder Robbery
Rape Theft
Gang Robbery Break-ins
According to crime report by Polis Di Raja Malaysia (2016), house breaking crime based in Kuching, Sarawak has the highest number of cases is 1549 cases only in 2014 and 1609 cases in 2015. Most the crime occurred in the night and morning when household when to work. House breaking crime in Kuching from the year 2014 to 2015 increase by 3.73%.
2.2 Prevention of Emergency Situation
The crime rate in Malaysia especially house breaking crime is increasing gradually for the past 10 year, beginning from 2005 to 2015.There are various approaches that can be adapted in Malaysia which is the enforcement of the policing system monitoring by Dantzker and Robinson (2002), social approach by Welsh and Hoshi, (2002) , offender approach by Cozens, Saville, and Hillier (2005) and physical environment approach by Brantingham and Brantingham(2005) , Newman(1972), Blakely and Synder (1997), and Jacobs (1961). The elements of
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crime prevention according to Lamya Rostami and Ali Madanipour (2006) are physical layout of housing typology and the outlook of the surrounding environment is the main criteria for the crime to occur.
Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) is considered to be a proactive approach in terms of strategy to ensure the prevention of crime. Therefore, the concept and approach of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) has been chosen by researcher as one of the initiatives to reduce the crime by using crime prevention methods in Malaysia. This is due to the fact that CPTED is considered to be one of the approaches that close to social interaction within community in residential area as one of the more important determinant factors crime prevention success (Cozens et al., 2005). The five main components of CPTED which is territoriality, surveillance, access control, maintenance and target hardening and support activity.
Designing a mobile application for emergency situation adaptation from CPTED theories by Jeffery (1971) will help the community to reduce the crime rate and fear of crime among community. It will connect from individual user then to the nearby community in to act quickly and help the user in needs.
12 2.3 Mobile Apps Design
Smartphones have been used for recognition activity, because they are readily equipped with several sensors that are useful for activity recognition, such as motion and location sensors. Sensors in mobile phone can be categorized into physical sensors and virtual sensors (Zander & Schandl, 2010). Physical sensors are hardware- based sensors embedded directly into mobile phone devices and derive their data directly by measuring particular environmental characteristics while Virtual sensors also called synthetic sensors is a software-based sensor deriving their data from several hardware-based sensors.
For the recognition, which is motion sensors (accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer and linear acceleration) are used either alone or in different combinations. The combination is used for fall detection and activity recognition using an SVM classifier (Anguita, Ghio, ,Oneto, Parra & Reyes, 2012 ). According to Kaghyan, Sarukhanyan and Akopian (2013), the combination is used to detect step count and also to recognize different modes of motion.
