The completion of this research proposal is one of the requirements for the final year of the research project. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). According to the questionnaire findings, takaful online shopping behavior among M40 income earners is positively correlated with self-efficacy and social influence. This study begins by focusing on the broader context of the study on the determinants of participation in online takaful shopping behavior among M40 income earners.
PROBLEM STATEMENT
In addition, social influence on online takaful shopping also played one of the decision factors such as neighbors, friends, siblings and social sites. Some of the surrounding community may recommend, but some are not interested in influencing the buyer's decision.
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES In particular, this study aims to
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
On the other hand, self-efficacy in community involvement is related to an individual's ability to become part of a community. In the context of this research, a new concept was created to refer to an individual's confidence in their own abilities to participate. According to Venkatesh., et al. 2003), the definition of social influence is how much people think that other people think they should use technology.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
TAKAFUL
According to Kalafatis et al. (1999) is the social norm of whether or not an action should be performed with a response from the referent's perspective. According to the Household Income and Basic Goods Survey Report (2019), the income range of the M40 group included 138.2 thousand households with approximately RM4851-10970. In addition, the M40 group accounted for 40 percent of the total household income (The Malaysian Reserve, 2022).
ORGANIZATION OF THE PROPOSAL
LITERATURE REVIEW
- INTRODUCTION
- UNDERPINNING THEORY
- PREVIOUS STUDIES
- ONLINE TAKAFUL PURCHASE
- SELF-EFFICACY
- SOCIAL INFLUENCE
- HYPOTHESES STATEMENT
- CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
- CONCLUSION
According to the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), people form the intention to adopt a behavior or technology from their perceptions of the consequences of doing so. Although the number is small, it shows that many people are not aware of the importance of insurance and takaful. Kamil et al., (2014) said that a customer's decision to buy takaful depends on how much they know about it. There would be some predictions made in the hypothesis statement about the expected results of the study.
RESEARCH METHOD
- INTRODUCTION
- RESEARCH DESIGN
- DATA COLLECTION METHOD
- PRIMARY DATA
- POPULATION
- UNIT OF ANALYSIS
- SAMPLING SIZE
- SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
- RESESARCH INSTRUMENT DEVELOPMENT
- MEASUREMENT OF THE VARIABLES
- MEASUREMENT SCALE
- NOMINAL SCALE
- INTERVAL SCALE
- RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY
- PILOT TEST
- DATA ANALYSIS PROCEDURE
- REABILITY ANALYSIS
- FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
- DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
- NORMALITY TEST
- PEARSON CORRELATION
- SUMMARY
This study of the research also highlights significant points of agreement and disagreement on the topic covered and tends to examine the relationship between all independent variables and dependent variable factors based on purchasing behavior in online Takaful among M40 income earners. Finally, this chapter provides a detailed explanation of the strategy used for the research chosen and the data collection framework. The design and construction of the questionnaire will be based on the variables that influence the outcome of this study, such as the level of self-efficacy and social influence.
The respondent's gender, race, age, highest academic qualification, occupation and total household income are all required in this field. It discusses the analysis and results of the data collected from the study based on this chapter. However, the frequency can be referred to in the table showing the frequency calculations as well as the percentage values of the variables from the data collected in the study.
It can be said that it analyzes data on the basis of frequency, percentage as well as the measure of tendency to center mode, mean and median. Thus, to obtain the results of the study in making probability judgments were different variables. The strength of the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variables will be indicated by this correlation.
For this chapter the procedure, research design sampling and data processing were all covered in this chapter as part of the overall methodology of this study.
DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
INTRODUCTION
This chapter is intended to find out what the research results mean by looking at the answers to the questionnaires. The data in this chapter was analyzed using SPSS version 26.0 (Statistical Package for Social Science) and the results are shown here. This chapter is divided into four parts: reliability tests, descriptive statistics, frequency distribution, and correlation coefficient.
PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS
For part B, online takaful among M40 is the dependent variable, and part C is about the independent variables, which include self-efficacy and social influences. Cronbach's alpha scores should theoretically be between 0 and 1, but it is also possible for them to be negative. As we can see, among M40, Online Takaful is the variable with the lowest Cronbach's alpha value, which is 0.758.
The alpha values for self-efficacy and social influences, which are independent variables, are also 0.930 and 0.809. All the results for the independent variables were more than 0.6, which means that all the variables were good and had a relatively high level of internal consistency.
DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF RESPONDENT
- FREQUENCY OF RESPONDENTS BASED ON AGE GROUP Table 4.2: Age Group of Respondents
AGE OF RESPONDENTS
Frequency of Respondents Based on Gender Group Table 4.3: Gender of Respondents
GENDER OF RESPONDENTS
Frequency of Respondents Based on Academic Qualification Group Table 4.4: Academic Qualification of Respondents
ACADEMIC QUALIFICATION OF RESPONDENTS
FREQUENCY OF RESPONDENTS BASED ON OCCUPATION GROUP Table 4.5: Occupation of Respondents
OCCUPATION OF RESPONDENTS
Frequency of Respondents Based on House Income Group Table 4.6: House Income of Repondents
HOUSE INCOME OF RESPONDENTS
Frequency of Respondents Based on Do You Have Takaful Plan Group
DO YOU HAVE TAKAFUL PLAN?
DO YOU PREFER TO PURCHASE TAKAFUL VIA ONLINE?
DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS
- Self-Efficacy
- Social Influence
The researcher used techniques to analyze in this study to determine which independent variable including self-efficacy and social influence influence the determinants of online purchasing behavior among middle 40 (M40) in Kelantan. The highest average for the question that they are skilled and know where the best online platform to buy takaful with the average score is. The minimum average for the question of no problem buying takaful online for the first time, with the average score of 3.84.
As a result, respondents believe that variable has a relationship with determinants of online purchasing behavior among M40 income earners. I am easily influenced to adopt online takaful by seeing the benefits people get after buying it. I think I get a lot of information about online takaful through various sources including my friend, peers, family and media.
I need to listen and get advice from others before I decide to buy online takaful. The highest mean is for believing that social influence is a factor influencing my decision to adopt. The minimum mean for that question is about slightly influenced to adopt online takaful by seeing the benefit of people getting to buy it with the mean score being 4.31.
Thus, it shows that the respondents agree that the variable is crucial to the determinants of online takaful shopping behavior among M40 income earners.
VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY
According to Table 4.12, the Cronbach Alpha for the fifteen items determinants of takaful online shopping behavior among M40 income earners was 0.930. The closer the coefficient was to 1.0, the stronger was the internal consistency of the items (variables) of the scale. Consequently, the overall value of this assessed variable was good, with relatively high internal consistency.
NORMALITY TEST
Based on the above table for Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and Shapiro–Wilk test, it shows that if the test result shows (p>0.5), it shows a normal test result. However, if the test results showed (p<0.05), it could be said that the test results were abnormal. In addition, for the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, which refers to the test for all variables, regardless of whether the independent or dependent variables can be said to obtain a significant value, the p value (p=0.000) should be displayed.
This can be explained when the level of statistical significance was usually at a p-value between 0 and 1. Therefore, if the p-value was small, it proves that the null hypothesis should be rejected. We can conclude that a p-value less than 0.05 is statistically significant.
Wilk's test when the value is less than 0.05, which refers to the characteristic value of the studied at (p-0.000). This can be said to refer to the correlation analysis for both tests that shows abnormality based on the variables in the study that are either independent variables or dependent variables. Therefore, Spearman's correlation analysis should be used in this study to help determine the relationship between these two variables.
HYPOTHESES TESTING
Based on the table that details, the overall association findings for each study variable are based on the table above. For initial findings demonstrating self-efficacy and social impact, purchasing takaful within the M40 cohort. For the indicated result of the correlation coefficient between social influence and online takaful purchase among M40 income earners are presented.
The positive relationship between social influence and online takful purchase was found among M40 income earners, as indicated by the correlation coefficient value of 7.07 (r= 0.707, N=384, p<.001). Additionally, among M40 of the income income categories shown, there is a correlation between an increase in social influence and increase in an online takful sale. In conclusion, the results of the above research show that the data obtained were valid and statistically the data was reliable.
This shows the result of the results where social influence had a high correlation with the determinants of online Takaful purchase among the M40 income group. Therefore, the level of social influence affects the determinants of online Takaful purchase among the M40 income group.
SUMMARY
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
- INTRODUCTION
- KEY FINDINGS
- DISCUSSION
- IMPLICATIONS OF THE STUDY
- LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
- RECOMMENDATION FOR FUTURE RESEARCH
- OVERALL CONCLUSION OF THE STUDY
Moreover, self-efficacy is the second most reliable and valid data on determinants of online purchasing behavior among M40 in Kelantan. Therefore, most respondents agree with the statement that self-efficacy about online takaful can lead to purchase behavior among M40. Next, the Pearson correlation between online takaful among M40 and self-efficacy and social influence is above 0.60, which means they are strongly related.
This means that social influence and self-efficacy are the most important factors influencing online takaful among M40 in Kelantan, with 0.707 for each. Finally, Self-efficacy is the second most influential variable for online takaful among M40 in Kelantan, with a Pearson correlation of 0.702. The primary research objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship between self-efficacy and online shopping among M40.
The correlation coefficient of 0.702 indicates a somewhat favorable relationship between self-efficacy and online taskful purchasing among M40 (r= 0.702, N=384, p.001). According to the findings, M40 in Kelantan have a moderate level of self-efficacy when it comes to online takeful shopping. The correlation coefficient between online takaful purchases under M40 and social influence is shown in Table 4.15.
Moreover, the relationship between social influence and online takaful purchases among M40 seems to be similar and it can be said that the objective of this study has been successfully achieved. It shows how online Takaful purchases were influenced by social influence and self-efficacy among M40. With that, the research on the determinants of online purchasing of Takaful among the M40 group can be studied more broadly and in more detail to provide a clear analysis and answer the results of the research.
