Effectiveness of the Use of Lights Regulation as a Fishing Aid on Fishing Vessels in Padang City
Tio Songga Tamamile1*, Fitri Eriyanti1
1 Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, Indonesia
*Corresponding Author: [email protected] Accepted: 15 December 2021 | Published: 31 December 2021
DOI:https://doi.org/10.55057/ijbtm.2021.3.4.5
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to analyze the Implementation of Public Policy on The Regulation of The Use of Lights as Fishing Aids on Fishing Boats in Padang City. Qualitative research methods using the design and approach of femonology on Fishermen in Padang City, information was obtained through interviews and document studies with fishermen and the Marine and Fisheries Office of West Sumatra Province. The effectiveness of the Regulation of The Use of Lights as Fishing Aids on Fishing Boats in Padang City concluded that guided by five indicators, namely: 1) appropriate policy; 2) proper implementation; 3) on target; 4) right environment; and 5) The process. The results of this pin prove that fishermen still ignore the indicator. The number of fishermen who are illegal (unregistered) or do not extend the operational permit period is an obstacle to the government of West Sumatra Province, the Marine and Fisheries Service in improving the effectiveness of the government.
Keywords: policy effectiveness, lighting regulation, fishing aids
___________________________________________________________________________
1. Introduction
The Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (KKP) has issued Regulation of the Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Number 59 of 2020 article 20 concerning Fishing Lines and Placement of Fishing Equipment (API) in the State Fisheries Management Area of the Republic of Indonesia. Tancap chart is one type of lifting net that is operated at night by using light as a factor towing fish. According to Fuad et al. (2016:8) Light can stimulate fish to come and gather around a light source otherwise known as positive photostaxis. The function of light in fishing is to collect fish to a certain catchable area, then the fishing is done with a net or fishing rod. Lights are used to attract positive phototaxitic fish to come closer to the chart.
The use of lights on the operation of the chart determines the success of fishing. The success of fishing with a chart one of them depends on the utilization of light produced by the lamp, the lamp is submerged in the water and the installation of a lamp reflector so that the light radiated is only scattered in the waters agree with it Notanubun and Patty (2010:134) The use of light bulbs in fishing methods to attract fish, as well as concentrate and keep fish concentrated and easy to catch. Most fishermen assume that the greater the intensity of light used, it will increase the catch so that it is not uncommon for fishermen to use relatively large numbers of lights with high intensity in their fishing operations.
Instead Wiyono (2006 as cited in Notanubun & Patty, 2010) Each fish responds to the varying intensity of light. Studies of the magnitude of the light intensity value that is able to attract fish in each type of fish need to be done. This is important, in addition to the target fish right within the fishing area, also to avoid draining fish catches and wasting the cost of fishing. The use of fishing equipment in the form of lighting has been regulated in the Regulation of the Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries No. 59 of 2020 Article 11 paragraph 2 letter a about fishing lines and the placement of fishing equipment in the fisheries management area of the Republic of Indonesia explained that: (a) Mesh Size≥ 1 inch, P < 20 m, dan L < 20 m, en utilisant ABPI sous forme de lumières avec puissance totale < 8.000 watt; (b) Mesh Size≥ 1 inch, P < 30 m, dan L < 30 m, menggunakan ABPI berupa lampu dengan total daya < 16.000 watt, et les API statiques, exploitées à l’aide de mesh size ≥ 1 mm, P < 10 m, dan L < 10 m, en utilisant ABPI sous forme de lumières avec puissance totale < 2.000 watt.
Lights are a light source used to lure fish to gather around the chart. The lights used by fishermen of bagan boats are hologen lamps or floodlights and fluorescent lights. Floodlights serve to concentrate the fish at a single point of the lamp and are used when the net will be pulled to the surface. The use of lights is used as a fishing aid with the intention that fish are concentrated in a place, where fishing equipment is easily operated. One of the common ways used by fishermen in attracting, herding and collecting fish is by using lights.
West Sumatra Province is one of the provinces in the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia located on the west coast of the central part of Sumatra Island consisting of low land on the west coast and volcanic high landmass formed by Bukit Barisan. Geographically West Sumatra Province is located 00 54' LU and 30 30 LS and 980 36' BT and 1010 53' BT and traversed the equator. The results of the interview and also information obtained from newspapers from The West Sumatra News (SUMBAR) showed a gap between the rules that have been set by the government and the fact of the field conducted by fishermen, this gap occurs due to the lack of effective arrangements from the Padang City government, especially in terms of licensing the use of fishing aids. Government regulations will be effective if fishermen obey the rules of the intensity of the use of light bulbs and the local government also makes arrangements for APIs that are used, especially lights as lighting tools and lighting equipment.
According to Uda Met at the time of an interview with one of the fishermen in Padang City on June 14, 2020, the use of this lamp is not in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Permen KP No. 59 of 2020 that the chart type ship below the size of 30 GT is 2,000 Watts only. The ship used by fishermen in the city of Padang in looking for fish on average is equipped with lights as lighting, for its net eyes measuring ≥1mm, and the catch path is on the catch path II and III which is 4 to 12 miles measured from sea level at the lowest receding, then for bagan vessels below the size of 30 GT using lights from 16,000 to 30,000 watts.
The amount of light intensity used depends largely on the type of fishing gear, capture target, capture area, and business capital capability. Related to the use of light aids, there is a tendency to use greater light intensity in capture operations as well as the different types of fishing gear indicated by competition among ships.
The effectiveness of regulating the use of lights from the government is needed, effectiveness basically refers to a success or achievement of goals. Effectiveness is one of the dimensions of productivity (results) leads to the achievement of maximum performance, namely the achievement of targets related to quality, quantity and time. The effectiveness of this
arrangement is also regulated in the Regulation of the Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries No. 59 of 2020 concerning fishing lines and the placement of fishing equipment in the fisheries management area of the Republic of Indonesia.
If the catch is minimal then the income provided by the ship owner is minimal because the catch is not fully needed for the salary of the Fishermen's Abk but also to return the operational cost capital borne by the ship owner. While the external reason is the lack of socialization from the government, and less knowledge from the fishing community. Socialization provided by the government to provide views and understanding to fishermen about fishing aids that are more environmentally friendly. Innovation of this fishing tool is also supported by opinions Santosa et al. (2019:36) Fishing innovation efforts can provide benefits such as increasing catches and reducing operational costs. So that it can increase the productivity and level of welfare of fishermen. Fishermen are not dependent on petroleum fuel (BBM) and can keep operational costs down.
The results of the interview also mentioned that there is no doubt that provides a deterrent effect from the regulation of the use of wattage lights in the activeness of the arrest of the government of West Sumatra Province (SUMBAR), the supervisor tends to only provide warnings and directions to reduce the number of Watt lights, with the ineffectiveness of the arrangement on the use of lights on fishing boats has an impact that fishermen will quickly run out of fuel.
Considering the work of fishermen is a job that requires a high level of vigilance then if fishermen run out of fuel in the middle of the sea plus at night will be very risky to the safety of the fishermen themselves. Based on the above description it is necessary to conduct research whether government regulations, the effectiveness of the regulation of lights carried out, and the implementation by fishermen who are set aside have been effective in finding fish as a search point for fishermen. For this reason, this study was to see "The Effectiveness of Regulation of The Use of Lights as Fishing Aids on Fishing Boats in Padang City".
2. Literature Review
The study of theory is part of the opinion quotes of experts who become one important part of the foundation of research theory. As for the theoretical foundations that the authors used in this study, especially those related to the theory of Policy Implementation and Policy Effectiveness against Regulation of The Use of Lights that can be explained as follows.
(1) Policy Implementation
Etymologically, the term policy comes from the Arabic language "polis" means state, city which then entered into Latin into "politia" which means state. Finally entered into English
"policie" which means with regard to the control of public matters or government administration. The term "policy" is used to refer to the behavior of an actor (e.g. an official, a group or a government body) or a number of actors in a particular field of activity.
Such a policy understanding can be used and relatively adequate for the purposes of ordinary talks, but 17 becomes inadequate for more scientific and systematic talks regarding public policy analysis Budiarso and Rondonuwu (2015:16). In general, the term "policy" or "policy"
is used to refer to the behavior of an actor (e.g. an official, a group or a government institution) or a number of actors in a particular area of activity, the notion of such policies can be used and relatively adequate for ordinary talks, but becomes inadequate for more scientific and systematic talks regarding public policy analysis. Therefore, more appropriate public policy boundaries or concepts are needed.
Frederickson and Hart (as cited in Tangkilisan, 2005:19) stated that policy is an action that leads to a goal proposed by a person, group or government in a particular environment in connection with certain obstacles while seeking opportunities to achieve the goal or realize the desired goal. From the explanation it can be known that the policy is an action that intends to achieve the goal, while the policy on the regulation of the use of lights contained in permen KP no. 59 of 2020 is part of public policy.
(2) Effectiveness of Policies against Lamp Use Arrangements
According to Eriayanti and Alphonso (2019:7), effectiveness is the main element to achieve the goals or objectives that have been determined in an activity. It is called effective when the goal or goal is achieved as specified. Different opinions by Achjari and Widowati (2004:33), effectiveness is a decision based on the stakeholder's point of view, regarding net benefits obtained in using an information system that expresses in a context where stakeholders are limited to owners or senior managers effectiveness is a measure in assessing the extent to which has been done to achieve goals or objectives. Understanding effectiveness according to Lili (2013:92), effectiveness is the relationship between ouput and the goal so that the contribution (contribution) of large output in the achievement of goals will make it more effective an organization or activity. The same opinion is also expressed by Sianturi and Purnama (2016:83). The authors explained that effectiveness focuses on the output and outcome of activities that can be said to be effective if the output meets the objectives with implementation and how to adapt to policies (impacts). Output, outcome, and impact can be seen from as a benchmark of success. According to Budiarso and Rondonuwu (2015:29), effectiveness is the level of achievement of results with set targets. Simply put, effectiveness is a comparison of outcomes with outputs. Effectiveness is the relationship between output and purpose. The greater the contribution of output to the achievement of the goal, the more effective the program, or activity. If efficiency focuses on output and process then effectiveness focuses on outcomes. An organization, program, or activity is considered effective if the resulting output can meet the expected or said spending wisely goals.
Then, according to Saragih (2017:83), effectiveness is a success of the goal that is a mechanism or way to maintain an existing policy in order to still run well so that it can achieve goals that are able to minimize a risk that exists also later, which includes the risk of loss, reputation, and others. Then different opinions of effectiveness refer to opinions Millan (2000:13) Namely:
Program quality, satisfaction, goals, and goals.
Based on the above explanation, effectiveness is a measure in assessing the extent to which it has been done in achieving goals or goals or judging from the fact that something is successful, has an impact or becomes the cause of achieving goals or goals. Effectiveness is an important element in achieving the goals and objectives that have been set. The effectiveness of policy can also be explained in terms of the process, meaning that the success of a policy is determined or influenced by the policy process itself. The policy process is intended as a series of activities in preparing, determining, implementing and controlling a policy. The effectiveness of public policy will be determined/influenced by a) the process of formulating its policies; b) by the process of its implementation or its implementation; and c) by the evaluation process. The three stages of the policy have a causal and cyclical relationship (Tachjan, 2006:21). Then the effectiveness of the policy of Nugroho (2008:78) There are five dimensions, namely the right policy, the right implementer, the right target, the right environment, and the right process.
The concept of policy effectiveness has been widely proposed by experts, one of whom is Hubert Graf and Smulders as quoted by Lele, where policy effectiveness (as well as efficiency) is considered as the values of one of the categories of goodgovernance, namely performing governance. The other two categories of good governance are responsive governance (participation, transparency, legitimacy, and accountability) and proper governance (integrity, fairness, equality and compliance with the law). Then Eriyanti and Wilantara (2019:6) explained that the effectiveness of the policy can be carried out with operational capabilities in implementing work programs that are in accordance with the objectives that have been set before. The success of the program can be reviewed from the process and mechanism of an activity carried out in the field.
The effectiveness of the policy is at its core as a guideline for action. These guidelines may be very simple or complex, general or special, broad or narrow, vague or clear, loose or detailed, qualitative or quantitative, public or private. In line with the meaning of the policy stated by the United Nations above, the understanding of policy is "a proposed course of action of person, group, or government within and givenenvironment providing abstacles and opportunities which the policy was proposed to utilize and overco me in an effort to reach an goal or relizean objective or purpose" (a series of actions proposed by someone, group or government in a particular environment by showing obstacles and opportunities for the implementation of the proposed policy in order to achieve certain goals) (Islamy, 2000:45).
Based on the perspective of policy problems are needed because of policy problems that need to be addressed and solved and introduce a policy implementation problem approach.
Effectiveness of policy is also required to look at the compliance of the target group of policies.
Therefore, viewed from a behavioral perspective, target group compliance is an important factor that determines policy success. That to support the success or effectiveness of the policy needs to be based on three aspects, namely: 1) the level of bureaucratic compliance with the bureaucracy above it or the level of bureaucracy, as stipulated in the law, 2) the smooth routine and the absence of problems; and 3) the implementation and the desired impact (benefits) of all targeted programs.
3. Methodology
Researchers use descriptive qualitative research methods because this approach is most appropriately used to analyze data obtained from informants. While descriptive research types are used in this study because researchers want to explain and describe the effectiveness of surveillance of watting lights on fishing boats in Padang City. The location of this research is in Padang City and Fishermen Informatics in Padang City. Research informants are selected by purposive sampling, which is a technique of determining informants with certain considerations, namely people who understand and relate directly to the problems that the author examines. Then the informant consists of: (a) The Head of the Marine and Fisheries Office of West Sumatra Province; (b) Water police; (c) Naval base; (d) The fishermen use lights as fishing aids. Once the data is collected it is then analyzed using the modified Milles and Huberman models.
4. Conclusion
Based on the results of previous research and discussions, this study was collected as follows:
(1) Implementation of Effectiveness of Lighting Arrangements as Fishing Aids on Fishing Boats in Padang City concluded that guided by five indicators, namely: right policy, right
implementation, right target, right environment, and right process. Of the five indicators fishermen still ignore the policies made by the government, meaning that the regulation of the use of lights has not been in order to be determined by the government / Regulation of the Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries No. 59 of 2020. (2) Inhibiting factors in increasing the effectiveness of The Regulation of The Use of Lights as Fishing Aids on Fishing Boats in Padang City concluded that, Fishermen Do Not Comply with the Rules, and Operating Permits of Bagan. This means that the fishermen's chart still exists that has not extended the operational permit period of the chart. (3) Initiatives in improving the effectiveness of The Use Arrangement.
References
Achjari, & Widowati. (2004). Pengukuran Konsep Efektivitas Sistem Informasi: Penelitian Pendahuluan. Proseding Sinati Seminar Nasional Aplikasi Teknologi Informasi.
Budiarso, T., & Rondonuwu. (2015). Analysis Efficiency And Effectiveness Regional Financial Management In Dinas Pendapatan Daerah Kabupaten Minahasa. Jurnal Emba, 23(3).
Eriayanti, F., & Alphonso. (2019). Efektivitas Penerapan Pembayaran Tiket Elektronik Pada Bus Trans Padang. Ranah Research, 1(2).
Eriyanti, F., & Wilantara. (2019). Efektivitas Pelaksanaan Kebijakan Meter Prabayar Pada Pt.
Pln Persero Wilayah Kerja ULP (Unit Layanan Pelanggan) Indarung. Ranah Research, 1(2).
Fuad, et al. (2016). Pengembagan Lampu Bawah Air Sebagai Alat Bantu Pada Bagan Tancap Di Desa Tambak Lekok Kecamatan Lekok Pasuruan. Jurnal Kelautan, 9.
http://journal.trunojoyo.ac.id/Jurnalkelautan.
Islamy. (2000). Policy Analysis: Ser Monografi Kebijakan Publik. Universitas Brawijaya.
Lili, M. (2013). Implementasi Pengelolaan Pajak Tanah dalam Meningkatkan Pendapatan Asli Daerah di Dinas Pengelolaan Keuangan dan Aset Kota Bontang. Paradigma, 2(1).
Millán. (2000). Policy Analysis: Ser Monografi Kebijakan Publik. Universitas Brawijaya.
Notanubun, J., & Patty, W. (2010). Perbedaan Penggunaan Intensitas Cahaya Lampu terhadap Hasil Tangkapan Bagan Apung di Perairan Selat Rosenberg Kabupaten Maluku Utara Kepulaan Kei. Journal Perikanan Dan Kelautan Trofis, 3.
Nugroho, R. (2008). Public Policy. Elex Media Komputindo.
Santosa, A. W. B., Iqbal, M., Mulyatno, I. pujo, Sisworo, S., Budiarto, U., & Rindo, G. (2019).
Pemberdayaan nelayan tangkap tradisional melalui penggunaan alat bantu pengumpul ikan ramah lingkungan. Jurnal Pasopati ; Pengabdian Dan Inovasi Pengembangan Teknologi, 1(1).
Saragih, R. (2017). Efektivitas Kebijakan Penatausahaan Barang Milik Negara di Sekolah Tinggi Penyuluhan Pertanian Medan Effectiveness of State Property Administration Policy at Medan Agricultural Extension College Barang Milik Negara Memiliki pera. Jurnal Administrasi Publik (Public Administration Journal), 7(1).
Sianturi, & Purnama. (2016). Efektivitas Kebijakan Moratorium Kapal Eks-Asing Terhadap Tindak Illegal Fishing Di Perairan Indonesia Periode 2014-2015. Journal of International Relations, 2(4).
Silalahi, U. (2012). Metode Penelitian Sosial. Rineka Cipta.
Tachjan. (2006). Implementasi Kebijakan Publik. Asosiasi Ilmu Politik Indonesia (AIPI).
Tangkilisan, H. N. (2005). Manajemen Publik. Grasindo.
