I hereby declare that this project report is based on my original work, except for quotations and citations duly acknowledged. I certify that this project report entitled “ELECTRICAL SUBSTATION DESIGN AND ENGINEERING” prepared by LIEW YEW SHENG has met the required standard for submission in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Master of Engineering (Electrical) at Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman. The copyright of this report belongs to the author under the provisions of the Copyright Act 1987 as qualified by the Intellectual Property Policy of Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman.
Due acknowledgment must always be given to the use of material contained in or derived from this report. I would like to thank everyone who contributed to the successful completion of this project. Lim Yun Seng for his invaluable advice, helpful guidance and immense patience throughout the duration of the project.
Besides that I also want to thank the seniors and friends for their guidance to complete this project. Apart from that, I would like to express my gratitude to Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR) for providing adequate and advanced facilities for me to complete this project.
Background
The predominant issue in the design of electrical substation includes load increase, the power system stability, reliability and capacity, as well as to determine the future expansion or improvement in the substation facilities. The equipment selection, layout, engineering, available site, size and location will be evaluated in the budget consideration and justification. In the engineering and construction of electrical substation must identify the nature and future development requirement.
In addition, consideration of user requirements, development and preference in design criteria.
Aims and Objectives
As a brief background to the research, the problem statement as well as the needs to carry out this research, aims and objectives of this research are stated. In this chapter, the technical specification, data collection and customer requirements, load study and factor of safety for the requirement will be identified and discussed. In this chapter, the substation design drawing will generate the concept and model using Autocad software.
Introduction
Gas Insulated Substations
- Current Transformer
- Voltage Transformer
- Ground Switch
- Single Bus System
- Double Bus, Double Breaker System
- Main and Transfer Bus System
- Ring Bus System
The normal ring types of CTs are installed either inside or outside the GIS cabinet and the single turn as the primary side of the CT. The electric field will be shielded between the primary and secondary windings to prevent transient voltage. The Single Bus System arrangement is connected directly from the main bus to the bus.
The reliability of this type of arrangement is very low when a single failure of a bus or any circuit causes the entire system to lose power. This arrangement allows for a variety of operating options and is very useful for any breakdown or maintenance of a busbar or circuit breaker without breaking the circuit. This arrangement of operation in any bus circuit will not affect the system, but any breaker failure will cause the entire system to fail.
In the arrangement of a Ring Bus System, all the arrangement of the breaker will be in a ring type circuits. If a circuit fails, the two adjacent breakers will trip and the rest of the system will remain on.
Substation Switching Equipment and Requirement
- Ambient Conditions and Requirements
- Vacuum Circuit Breaker
- Gas Circuit Breaker
The gas dielectric strength decreases significantly at low pressure condition, when the case of low gas density monitoring system will block the operation.
Introduction
- Statutory Requirements
- Electrical Loads and Electricity Consumption
- Voltage and frequency variation AC system
- System Voltages and Frequency
- Special Power System Design Consideration
- Power Factor Improvement
These specifications will include all information and requirements for the consistent execution of the plan. Distribution system concept including voltage level, number of load centers and short circuit levels. Consideration of functional design in relation to the use of as many standard components as possible, economical designs and maintenance.
All electrical system components must be designed and sized for the maximum applied load, which is under the most severe operating conditions, for example: one transformer tripped on a system with two inputs and one lead coupler. Capacitor banks to improve the power factor of the entire power system must be provided and will not be controlled through an automatic KVAR. The corrected power factor on a given panel shall not be less than 0.95 at the maximum opening load.
Load study and safety factor
Evaluate and analyse the results
Introduction
Main Substation
Secondary Substations
Secondary Substation 01
Secondary Substation 02
Secondary Substation 301
Conclusion
Introduction
Conclusion
This research focused on engineering study and identification of types, effect, prevention and protection method for electrical substation. Therefore, in real life, it should be referenced and compared with the existing substation to get the actual data for the demand and the suitable location to be applied. Thus, more advanced software can be used to obtain more accurate results to verify the feasibility of the device and the protection method.
This will provide the most accurate results, which can prove the planning wrong. OVK IEC technical report: High voltage switchgear and control equipment — use and handling of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) in high voltage switchgear and control equipment. Kawamura, T., Ishi, T., Satoh, K., Hashimoto, Y., Tokoro, K., and Harumoto, Y., Operational experience of gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) and its influence on the future substation design, Paper 23-04 of.
IEEE Guide for the Design, Construction and Operation of Safe and Reliable Substations for Environmental Acceptance.
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