PERFORMANCE OF Elaeis oleifera
FROM PANAMA, COSTA RICA, COLOMBIA AND
HONDURAS IN MALAYSIA
Keywords: E/a& oleifera, Panama, Costa Rica, Colombia, Honduras, yield, bunch components,
vegetative traits, fatty acid composition, iodine value, total carotene.
MOHD DIN, A*; RAJANAIDU, N*
and JALANI, B S*
! :
I
’ Malaysian Palm Oil Board,
P.O. Box 10620. 50720 Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia,
he performance of Elaeis oleiferafiom
Panama, Costa Rica, Colombia and Honduras was evaluated in a trial at PORIMResearch Station, Kluang, Johor, Malay- sia. FFB yield, bunch components, vegetative traits, fatty acid composition, iodine value (I.V.) and total carotene were analysed. Among the
oleifera progenies, the highest fresh fruit bunch (FFB) yield was 101.4 kg palm-’ yr~*, total oil to bunch (TOTB) was highest at 9.0%, height increment rate (HTI) lowest at 4.6 cm yr-‘; I.V.
highest at 96.7 and total carotene highest at 3455.5 ppm. There were significant differences between the four countries for the yield compo- nents: average bunch weight (ABWT), partheno- carpic bunch components: mean fruit weight (MFW), oil to wet mesocarp (OTWM) and oil to bunch (OTB), fertile bunch components: MFW, mean nut weight (MNW,, and shell to fruit (STF), vegetative traits: petiole cross section (PCS), rachis length (RL), leaflet length (LL), leaflet width (LW), height (HT) and leaf area (LA), component fatty acids: C14:0, ClS:O, C16:1, C18:0, C18:l and C18:2, I.V. and total carotene.
INTRODUCTION
E
laeis oleifera (HBK) Cortes is the South/Central American counterpart of the commercially propagated African oil palm,E. guineensis Jacq. In nature, it occurs in poorly drained or occasionally flooded places in its centre of origin (de Blank, 1952). Among the traits of interest of this species are its low HTI, high I.V. (Hardon, 19691, tolerance against some major diseases (Meunier, 1987) and high caro-
JOURNAL OF OIL PALM RESEARCH 12(l)
tene content (Choo et al., 1997; Choo and Yusof, 19961.
A programme to collect E. oleifera in the natural groves of Costa Rica, Panama and Colombia was initiated by the United Brands Company in Central America in 1967. This species was collected for evaluation and utili- zation. Collections in Colombia, Panama and Costa Rica and subsequent introductions to Malaysia were made by oil palm breeders from Socfin, Oil Palm Genetics Laboratory (OPGL) and United Plantations Berhad WPB) in 1967, 1969 and 1980, respectively. Between October 1981 and February 1982, the Palm Oil Research Institute of Malaysia (PORIM) col- lected samples in Suriname, Honduras, Nicara- gua, Panama, Costa Rica. and Colombia (Raja- naidu, 1983; Rajanaidu et al., 1989).
The performance in terms of yield, bunch components, vegetative traits of the palms and the fatty acid composition, IV. and total caro- tene content of the oil of the PORIM E. oleifera
collections from Panama, Costa Rica, Colombia and Honduras is presented in this paper.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The oleiferas collected from open-pollinated families in Panama, Costa Rica, Honduras and Colombia in 1982 were planted in a completely randomized design (CRD) in three replications at PORIM Research Station, Kluang, Johor, Malaysia in May 1986. A total of 77 to 93 proge-
nies/replication at eight to ten palms/progeny were laid out in the field in a triangular planting pattern of 8.4 m spacing.
Recording of yield and its components com- menced from the fifth year after planting and continued for six years. The number and weight of harvested fruit bunches from each palm were recorded during each seven- to ten-day interval harvesting round. From the fifth to eighth year of the trial, individual fruit bunches were also analysed in the laboratory to determine the composition of bunches and their oils. The bunch analysis technique adopted was that developed by Blaak et al. (19631 at NIFOR and modified by Rao et al. (1983) for standard use in Malaysia. Fatty acid composition, I.V. and total carotene ofmesocarp oil were also anajysed using established techniques (PORIM, 1995).
Vegetative traits were measured in the eleventh year using the non-destructive methods recom- mended by Corley and Breure (1981).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The trial mean of the 95 oleifera progenies was 76.5 kg palm~‘yr’ for FFB yield with 7.5 bunches and 10.1 kg ABWT. Oleiferas from Panama were the highest for FFB (79.2 kg palms’ yr’) and bunch number or BNO (7.9 bunches palm-’ yr’) whereas oleiferas from Colombia were highest for ARWT at 10.8 kg (Table la). The indiyidual progeny with the highest FFB (101.4 kg palm~l yr’) was from Honduras, whereas the progeny
TABLE la. MEANS, RANGES AND STANDARD DEVIATIONS OF YIELD (and components) OF Oleifera PROGENIES FROM FOUR COUNTRIES
Trait Colombia Pk3%Ulla Costa Rica Honduras Trial
haan Range S D Mean Range SD M e a n Range S D Mean R a n g e S D m e a n FFB
(kg palms’ ,rl) 77.7~1 4 1 . 6 9 8 . 0 1 3 . 3 79.2a 52.5-100.1 1 1 . 8 61.8a 2 3 . 7 - x . 2 1 6 . 6 74.4a 5 5 . 2 - 1 0 1 . 4 1 5 . 2 0 76.5 BNO (No.
palm~‘yr~‘) 7.h 3.8 9.1 1.2 7.9.3 6.0-9.5 0.9 7.la 2.7-9.7 1.8 7.la 5.6-9.1 1.20 7.5
ABWT
(kg) IO.& 9.2 13.9 0.9 9.7a 8.0-10.8 0.7 9.8a 7.1-17.4 2.0 9.9a 9.2-10.7 0.50 10.1
Notes:
Means with the same letter in the same row are not significantly different at P<O.O5 by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRTI.
Number of progenies (n) = 28, 24, 38 and 5 far Colombia, Panama, Costa Rica and Honduras, respectively.
Recorded from 1991 to 1997 in Trial 0.211, planted in 1986 in Kluang.
FFB fresh fruit bunch.
BNO bunch number.
ABWT average bunch weight.
72
TABLE lb. MEAN SQUARES, VARIANCE COMPONENTS AND HERITABILITY ESTIMATES FROM NCMl ANALYSIS FOR YIELD COMPONENTS
FFB B N O
SOIll-Cl? df
Replication 2
country (Cl 3
Progeny/Country (P/C) 72
CxR 6
P/C x R 144
Palms (W) 1 782
Pooled error (WP) 1 926 dc
491 334.20 5 336.05 2 983.30 1 814.90 2 304.08 1 971.09 1 995.99 10.40 (0.50) 26.43
(1.28) (0)0
38.87 (1.88)
1 995.99 16.64 4.58
(96.35) (96.65) (75.33)
2.00 4.56 53.72
5.12 4.80 41.28
3.56 4.68 47.50
4 211.68 43.91 23.32 12.51 18.04 16.53 16.64 0.20 (1.14)
0.21 (1.20)
(:I
0.18 (1.02)
A B W T 78.34 249.74**
20.49**
9.57 4.31 4.61 4.58 0.82 (13.43) 0.63 (10.32) 0.06
(0.98) .
(i,
Notes:
*, ** Significant at P 2 0.05 and P < 0.01 respectively, othenvise non-significant.
( )+ Variance component as percentage of phenotypic variance.
Harmonic mean for palms in progeny/rep (n’) and P/C (p’) = 5.09 and 3.18, respectively Negative estimate for which the most reasonable value is zero.
Recorded from 1991 to 1997 in Trial 0.211, planted in 1986 in Kluang.
with the highest BNO (9.7 palm-i yr’) and that with the highest ABWT (17.4 kg) were from Costa Rica. Analysis of the variation showed significant differences between the oleiferas from the four countries for ABWT, but not for FFB and BNO (Table lb). The heritability values, hzc based on countries as populations were 2.0%, 4.6% and 53.7% for FFB, BNO and ABWT, respectively.
For bunch components, values for oil to dry mesocarp (OTDM) at 31.4%, OTWM at 10.5%
and fruit to bunch (FTB) at 16.8% of partheno- carpic fruits compared to fertile fruits with OTDM at 35.1%, OTWM at 15.7% and FTB at 31.6% gave a lower parthenocarpic OTB at 1.5%
than fertile OTB at 1.8% in the 62 oleifera progenies (Table 2~). The absence of nut and
kernel in parthenocarpic fruits meant smaller fruits at a MFW of 1.2 g compared to fertile MFW at 3.2 g. The oleiferas were generally thick-shelled with the STF ranging from 43.3%
to 61.1%. Analysis of variance showed signifi- cant differences between the four countries for parthenocarpic MFW, OTWM and OTB, with hzc of 13.9%, 16.9% and 10.8% respectively (Table 2b). Significant differences were oberved for fertile MFW, MNW and STF, with h: of 14.1%, 30.2% and 40.1%, respectively.
Oleiferas from Costa Rica gave the highest TOTB, oil palm-’ yr’ COPY), kernel palm-i yr’
(KPY), total economic product (TEP) and total oil (TOTOIL) with values of 3.9%, 2.9, 3.4, 5.0 and 4.7 kg palm~‘yr’ respectively (Table 3).
The best progenies for TOTB, OPY, KPY,
JOURNAL OF OIL PALM RESEARCH 12(i)
TABLE 2a. MEANS, RANGES AND STANDARD DEVIATIONS OF FERTILE AND PARTHENOCARPIC BUNCH COMPONENTS OF Oleifera PHOGENIES FROM FOUR COUNTRIES
Trait Colombia Panama Costa Rica Honduras Trial
MfXUl Range SD Mean Ra”ge S D M e a n Range SD mean mean Fertile fruits:
MFW (g) 3.lb 1.6-4.5 0.5 3.3ab 2.1-5.4 0.8 3.4ab 2 . 1 - 4 . 1 0 . 6 4.la 3.2 MNW (g) 2.0b 1.1-3.1 0.4 2.lb 1.4-3.6 0.5 2.lb 1 . 3 - 2 . 7 0 . 4 2.9a 2.0 MTF (%I 35.8a 2 9 . 6 - 4 2 . 1 3 . 2 34.4ab 27.4-39.4 2 . 9 36.la 29.7-48.8 4.4 29.91, 35.5 KTF (%I 16.2a 10.5-17.5 1 . 8 13.2a 10.4- 17.2 1.7 13.9a 8.0-35.4 5 . 3 15.6a 14.1 STF (%I 48.0a 4 4 . 8 - 5 5 . 1 2 . 5 52.4a 48.3-61.1 2 . 6 51.4a 43.3-56.3 2.9 54.5a 51.2 OTDM (%I 33.9a 1 8 . 6 - 4 4 . 2 7 . 2 36.0a 20.7-49.9 6 . 9 38.2a 27.9-51.6 5.8 33.5a 35.1 OTWM (%I 14.6a 5 . 9 - 2 2 . 3 5 . 1 17.2a 6.0-32.2 5 . 8 17.la 8.5-26.9 4.5 13.8a 15.7 FTB (%I 29.0a 16.7-40.7 7 . 3 30.1~~ 20.3 38.5 6 . 0 32.2a 14.9-50.6 6.7 29.2a 31.6
OTB (%I 1.5a 0.5-2.9 0.7 2.la 0.5 3.8 0.8 3.9a 0.9-3.7 0 . 8 1.2a 1.8
KTB (%) 4.6a 1.9-6.6 1.3 3.9a 2.5 5.7 0.9 2.0a 1.6-12.9 2 . 4 4.6a 4.5
Parthenocarpic fruits:
MFW (g) 1.2a 0.7~1.6 0.2 1.2a 0.6-2.2 0.4 1.4a 0.9-2.2 0 . 3 1.2a . 1.2
OTDM (%I 29.9a 1 2 . 4 - 4 4 . 6 8 . 3 32.5a 19.6-46.2 7 . 1 34.la 18.0-53.3 7.4 23.9a 31.4 OTWM (%) 9.6a 2.6-19.1 4 . 6 11.4a 4.9-22.2 4.3 11.6a 4.1-23.3 4.4 6.6~~ 10.5 FTB (%) 16.2a 5.3-28.0 6 . 0 16.5a 10.6- 23.1 3.6 19.9a 7.2-31.5 6.4 21.h 16.8
OTB (%I 1.3a 0.2-4.0 1.1 1.6a 0.6-4.1 0.8 1.9a 0.6-5.3 1 . 1 1.2a 1.5
NOk?.%
Means with the same letter in the same row are not significantly MFW mean fruit weight. OTDM oil to dry mesocarp.
different at PcO.05 hy Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). MNW mean nut weight. OTWM oil to wet mesocarp.
Number of progenies(n) = 22,18,21 and 1 far Colombia, Panama, MTF mesocarp to fruit. FTB fruit to bunch.
Costa Rica and Honduras, respectively (1-Z analyses per palm). KTF kernel to fruit. OTB oil to bunch.
Recorded from 1991 to 1994 in Trial 0.211, planted in 1986 in STF shell to fruit. KTB kernel to bunch.
Kl”a”g.
TABLE 2b. MEAN SQUARES, VARIANCE COMPONENTS AND HERITABILITY ESTIMATES OF NCMI ANALYSIS FOR BUNCH COMPONENTS OF PARTHENOCARPC FRUITS
SOUIYX df MFW OTDM OTWM FTB OTB
country CC) 3
P r o g e n y / c o u n t r y (P/C) 5 8
Palms (W) 61
ozc
02pic
(Jzw
0.28* 188.48
0.15* 86.63
0.09 74.23
0.004 3.60
( 3 . 4 8 ) (4.27)
0.03 6.36
(26.28) (7.55) 0.09 74.23 (70.24) (88.18)
58.80* 16.61
27.91 8.13
19.69 6.92
1.05 0.30
(4.22) (3.80)
4.21 0.62
(16.89) (7.86)
19.69 6.92
(78.89) (88.34)
2.24*
1.32*
0.70 0.03 (2.70) 0.32 (30.59) 0.70 (66.71)
hZc
13.92 17.08 16.88 15.21 10.79Notes:
*, ** Significant at P < 0.05 and P I- 0.01 respectively, otherwise non-significant.
( I+ Variance component as percentage of phenotypic variance.
Negative estimate for which the most reasonable value is zero.
Recorded from 1991-1994 in Trial 0.211, planted in 1986 in Kluang.
74
SOIUTX df MFW MNW MTF KTF STF OTDM OTWM FTB OTB KTB
c o u n t r y (C) 3 1.27* 0.86** 36.84 9.20 43.14* 150.02 86.72 43.10 2.03 0.14
Progeny/Country (P/C) 5 8 0.70* 0.34** 18.65 6.09 11.14 77.85 45.80 98.54 0.96 2.72
P a l m s (W) 61 0.18 0.08 15.09 5.03 9.41 81.58 33.95 68.50 0.82 1.86
ozc
0.02 0.02 0.63 0.10 1.15 2.65 1.39( 3 . 5 2 ) (7.55) (3.60) (1.84) (10.02) ( 3 . 1 5 ) (3.35)
c2pic 0.27 0.13 1.82 0.54 0.89 6.08
(57.30) (59.30) (10.39) (9.57) (7.76) (Z, (14.68)
+,” 0.18 0.08 15.09 5.03 9.41 81.58 33.95
(39.18) (33.16) (86.01) (88.59) (82.21) (96.85) (81.97)
hZe 14.09 30.18 14.38 7.34 40.09 12.59 13.40
Notes:
*, ** Significant at P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 respectively, otherwise non-significant.
( l+ Variance component as percentage of phenotypic variance.
Negative estimate for which the most reasonable value is zero.
Recorded from 1991-1994 in Trial 0.211, planted in 1986 in Kluang.
0 0.04
(0) (4.03)
15.40 0.07 0.44
( 1 8 . 3 5 ) ( 7 . 6 6 ) (19.01)
68.50 0.82 1.86
( 8 1 . 6 5 ) ( 8 8 . 3 1 ) ( 8 0 . 9 9 )
0 16.13 0
TABLE 3. MEANS, RANGES AND STANDARD DEVIATIONS OF OIL AND KERNEL YIELD OF Oleifera PROGENIES FROM FOUR COUNTRIES
Trait Colombia P&Ulama Costa Rica Honduras Trial
M e a n R a n g e S D M e a n R a n g e S D M e a n R a n g e S D m e a n m e a n
TOTB (!A) 2.9a 0.8-6.5 1.5 3.4a 1.3-6.1 1 . 3 3.9a 1.7-9.0 1.5 2.4a 3.4
OPY (kg palms’ yr-‘1 2.4a 0.6-4.5 1.0 2.7a 1.1-4.6 1 . 0 2.9a 1.2-7.7 1.3 1.7a 2.6 KPY (kg palms’ yr’) 3.3a 1.4 -5.5 1.1 3.la 1.4-5.0 1 . 0 3.4a 1.4-8.8 1.7 3.3a 3.3 TEP (kg pal& yr’) 4.2a 1.9-6.5 1.3 4.6a 2.3-6.9 1 . 3 5.0a 2.6-8.9 1 . 5 3.8a 4.6 TOTOIL (kg palnr’ yrl) 3.9a 1.6-6.0 1.2 4.2a 2.2-6.5 1 . 2 4.7a 2.3-8.7 1.4 3.4a 4.3 Notes:
Means with the same letter in the same row are not significantly TOTB total ail to bunch.
different at P&OS by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). OPY ail palm.’ yr~‘.
Number of progenies (n) = 22, l&21 and 1 for Colombia, Panama, W Y kernel palm’ yr~‘.
Costa Rica and Honduras. respectively. TEP total economic product.
Planted in 1986 in Trial 0.211, Kluang. TOTOIL total oil.
JOURNAL OF OIL PALM RESEARCH 12(11
TEP and TOTOIL were also from Costa Rica with values of 9.0%, 7.7, 8.8, 8.9 and 8.7 kg palm-i yr’ respectively.
For vegetative traits, among the 95 oleifera progenies, the smallest PCS at 12.6 cm2, RL at 3.6 cm, LL at 89.4 cm and LA at 6.2 cm2 were recorded by progenies from Costa Rica. Pro- genies from Colombia recorded the smallest leaflet number (LN) at 110 and lowest HTI at 4.6 cm yr~’ whereas progenies from Honduras recorded the smallest LW at 4.2 cm (Table 4~2).
Statistical analysis showed significant differ- ences between countries for PCS, RL, LL, LW, HTandLAwithhzcof7.8%, 11.6%,14.0%,1.4%, 21.1% and 7.8%, respectively (Table 4b).
Progenies from Colombia recorded the high- est palmitoleic acid (C16:l) content at’1.6%
among the 85 oleifera progenies screened. The highest lauric (C12:O) at l.O%, stearic (C18:O) at 2.9%, linoleic (C!18:2) at 26.9% and arachidic (C2O:O) acids at 1.2% were recorded in progenies from Panama. Progenies from Costa Rica re- corded the highest myristic (C14:0), palmitic (C16:0), oleic (C18:l) and linolenic (C18:3) acids with values of l.O%, 24.1%, 68.7% and 1.9%, respectively. The highest I.V. at 96.7 and caro- tene content at 3455.5 ppm were recorded in progenies from Panama and Costa Rica, respec- tively (Table 5~). Except for the C12:0, C18:3 and C2O:O acids, statistical analysis showed significant differences between countries for
‘X4:0, C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, I.V.
and carotene, with h? of 12.0%, 34.9%, 8.1%, lO.l%, 59.1%, 25.8%, 13.3% and 16.1%, respec- tively (Table 5b).
CONCLUSION
This comparative study showed significant dif- ferences between E. oleifera collected from Panama, Costa Rica, Colombia and Honduras for the yield components, ARWT, parthenocarpic fruit weight and oil content, fertile fruit and nut weight, shell thickness, frond and leaflet traits as well as HT, principal fatty acids (C14:0, C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:l and C18:2), I.V. and total carotene content.
76
SOUI-CX d f PCS
Replication (R) 2 1 810.55
country (0 3 93.68*
P r o g e n y / C o u n t r y (P/C) 7 2 24.98*
CxR 6 3.89
P/C x R 144 13.00
Palms (W) 1 757 14.19
Pooled error (WP) 1 901 14.10
0.29 (1.94)
0.47 (3.18)
0 (0)
0 (0)
14.10 0.30 259.66 0.68
(94.88) (93.23) (90.00) (97.98)
7.76 11.60 14.00 1.36
12.72 9.12 22.00 4.16
10.24 10.36 18.00 2.76
R L LL LW LN HT L A
22.31 35 473.26 3.45** 3 562.29**
0.46 569.83**
0.73* 424.76
0.30 166.04
0.31 267.33
0.30 259.66
0.009 10.12
(2.90) (3.50)
0.007 15.91
(2.28) (5.50)
0.005 2.87
(1.60) (1.00)
0 0
(0) (0)
153.94 22 898.35 7.1s** 705.88
0.78 420.03
1.00 729.08
0 . 6 0 454.05
0.68 529.21
0.68 523.51
0.002 0.04
(0.34) (0)
0.007 0
(1.04) (0)
0.004 3.06
(0.65) (0.58)
0 0
(0) (0)
523.51 0.12 6.51
(99.41) (91.44) (94.02)
0 21.08 7.76
0 10.24 7.64
0 15.66 7.70
*, ** Significant at P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 respectively, otherwise non-significant.
( I+ Variance component as percentage of phenotypic variance.
Harmonic mean for palms in progeny/rep (n’) and P/C (p’) = 4.98 and 3.29, respectively. ,
6.97 827.17
2.24** 58.14**
0.20 8.52
0.20 18.48*
0.11 5.17
0.13 6.62
0.12 6.51
0.007 0.14
(5.27) (1.94)
0.003 0.13
(2.56) (1.91)
0.001 0.15
(0.73) (2.13)
0 0
(0) (0)
Trait
TABLE 6a. MEANS, RANGES AND STANDARD DEVIATIONS OF FATTY ACID COMPONENTS, IODINE VALUE AND CAROTENE CONTENT OF Oleifera PROGENIES FROM FOUR COUNTRIES
Colombia Panama Costa Rica Honduras Trial
Meall Range SD M e a n Ranee SD Mean Ranne SD Ml?ZHl Ranee SD mean
c12:o (%I O.Oa c14:o (%I O.la cm0 (%) 16.9b Cl&l (%I l.la cm0 (%I 0.9a cm1 (%1 62.9a cm2 (%I 11.8a cm3 (%I O.lZ3 c2o:c (%I 0.2a Others (%) 0.2a Iodine I 81.&l value
0.0-0.2 0.1-0.3 15.0-19.8
0.7-1.6 0.4-1.5 58.1-68.0 14.4-19.9 0.1-1.2 0.0-1.0 0.0-0.4 82.5-90.1
0.0 0.0 1.3 0.2 0.2 2.0 1.4 0.2 0.3 0.1 1.9
0.h 0.0-1.0 0.2 o.oa 0.0-0.1
O.% 0.1-0.6 0.1 0.2a 0.1-1.0
18.6ab X.3-24.1 2.1 11.8b 16.4-24.1 0.9a 0.0-1.3 0.2 l.lFl 0.7-1.5
l.la 0.0-2.9 0.6 0.9a 0.4-1.7
60.la 53.7-65.2 2.5 60.4a 56.4-68.1 19.0a 13.7-26.9 2.4 19.2a 1x9-23.5
0.h 0.4-1.1 0.2 0.9a 0.0-1.9
0.2a 0.0-1.2 0.4 0.2a 0.0-1.1
O.&l 0.0-0.6 0.1 0.2&3 0.0-0.8 86.4a 76.0-96.1 3.7 a1.1a 14.9-93.6
0.0 O.Oa 0.0-0.1 0.2 0.2a 0.2-0.3 1.6 20.7a 19.4-21.7 0.2 l.Oa 0.9-1.1 0.2 1.3a 1.1-1.6 2.5 55.5h 53.6-67.3 2.4 20.8a 19.0-22.2 0.3 0.9a 0.5-1.1 0.3 0.4a 0.1-1.2 0.2 O.la 0.0-0.3 3.5 86.Oa 83.5-81.6
0.0 0.0 0.9 0.1 0.2 1.7 1.2 0.2 0.5 0.1 1.6
0.0 0.2 17.9 1.0 1.0 60.9 18.8 0.8 0.2 0.2 81.1
Carotene 1 444.9ab 191.2-3 003.5 525.4 1 110.3~~ 644.6-2 858.8 563.9 1 121.8a 319.7-3 455.5 630.9 1 112.lb 328.6-I 654.0 561.5 1 609.3 content
(PP) Notes:
Means with the same letter in the same row are not significantly different at IkO.05 hy Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT).
Number of progenies (n) = 21, 24, 30 and 4 for Colombia, Panama, Costa Rica and Honduras, respectively (l-2 analyses per palm).
Recorded from 1991 to 1991 in Trial 0.211, planted in 1986 in Kluang.
C12:O lauric a c i d . Cl&O myristic a c i d . C16:O palmitic a c i d . C16:l palmitoleic a c i d . C18:O stearic a c i d . Cl&l oleic a c i d . C18:2 linoleic a c i d . Cl&3 - linolenie acid.
C2O:O arachidic acid.
Source d f C12:O c14:o cm0 cm1 ClEkO Cl89 cm2 Cl&3 c2o:o I.V. Carotene
c o u n t r y (Cl 3 0.003
Progeny/Country (P/C) 81 0.002
Palms (WI 399 0.003
dc 0.00001
(0.35)
2 a2pic 0
(0)
@," 0.003
(99.65)
h2c 1.38
0.10*
0.02 0.001 (3.00) 0.0004 (1.90)
0.02 (95.09)
12.01
155.50** 1.4f3*
12.48 0.41 13.11 0.46
1.25 0.01
(8.74) (2.02)
0 0
(0) (0)
13.11 0.46 (91.26) (97.98) 34.94 8.08
1.92* 754.31** 127.00** 0.50 0.01 443.22* 7.00*x
0.49 36.81 15.72 0.32 0.04 96.02 1.22s
0.49 36.14 13.69 0.30 0.04 85.42 1.21X
0.01 6.25 0.97 0.001 0 3.01 50663
(2.53) (14.77) (6.45) (0.48) (0) (3.34) (4.02)
0.0002 0.12 0.36 0.004 0 1.89 1060.35
(0.03) (0.28) (2.41) (1.38) (0) (2.10) (0.08)
0.49 36.14 13.69 0.30 0.04 85.42 1209265
(97.44) (84.95) (91.14) (98.15) (100.00) (94.58) (95.90)
10.11 59.08 25.82 1.90 0 13.34 16.07
Notes:
*, ** Significant at P 5 0.05 and P < 0.01 respectively, otherwise non-significant.
( Y Variance component as percentage of phenotypic variance.
Negative estimate for which the most reasonable value is zero.
x Denotes ms value x 106.
Recorded from 1991-1997 in Trial 0.211, planted in 1986 in Kluang.
JOURNAL OF OIL PALM RESEARCH 12(l)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors wish to thank the Director-General of MPOB for permission to publish this paper.
HARDON, J J (1969). Interspecific hybrids in the genus Elaeis. II. Vegetative growth and yield of Fl hybrids Elaeis guineensis x E. oleifera.
Euphytica, l&380-388.
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