Lecture Notes in Applied
and Computational Mechanics Volume 29
Series Editors
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Friedrich Pfeiffer
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Wriggers
Lecture Notes in Applied and Computational Mechanics
Edited by F. Pfeiffer and P. Wriggers
Further volumes of this series found on our homepage: springer.com
Vol. 28:Helmig, R.; Mielke, A.; Wohlmuth, B.I. (Eds.) Multiˇeld Problems in Solid and Fluid Mechanics 571 p. 2006 [978-3-540-34959-4]
Vol. 27:Wriggers P., Nackenhorst U. (Eds.) Analysis and Simulation of Contact Problems 395 p. 2006 [978-3-540-31760-9]
Vol. 26:Nowacki, J.P.
Static and Dynamic Coupled Fields in Bodies with Piezoeffects or Polarization Gradient 209 p. 2006 [978-3-540-31668-8]
Vol. 25:Chen C.-N.
Discrete Element Analysis Methods of Generic Differential Quadratures 282 p. 2006 [978-3-540-28947-0]
Vol. 24:Schenk, C.A., Schueller. G Uncertainty Assessment of Large Finite Element Systems 165 p. 2006 [978-3-540-25343-3]
Vol. 23:Fremond M., Maceri F. (Eds.) Mechanical Modelling and Computational Issues in Civil Engineering
400 p. 2005 [978-3-540-25567-3]
Vol. 22:Chang C.H.
Mechanics of Elastic Structures with Inclined Members:
Analysis of Vibration, Buckling and Bending of X-Braced Frames and Conical Shells
190 p. 2004 [978-3-540-24384-7]
Vol. 21:Hinkelmann R.
Efˇcient Numerical Methods and Information-Processing Techniques for Modeling Hydro- and Environmental Systems
305 p. 2005 [978-3-540-24146-1]
Vol. 20:Zohdi T.I., Wriggers P.
Introduction to Computational Micromechanics 196 p. 2005 [978-3-540-22820-2]
Vol. 19:McCallen R., Browand F., Ross J. (Eds.) The Aerodynamics of Heavy Vehicles:
Trucks, Buses, and Trains 567 p. 2004 [978-3-540-22088-6]
Vol. 18:Leine, R.I., Nijmeijer, H.
Dynamics and Bifurcations of Non-Smooth Mechanical Systems 236 p. 2004 [978-3-540-21987-3]
Vol. 17:Hurtado, J.E.
Structural Reliability: Statistical Learning Perspectives 257 p. 2004 [978-3-540-21963-7]
Vol. 16:Kienzler R., Altenbach H., Ott I. (Eds.) Theories of Plates and Shells:
Critical Review and New Applications 238 p. 2004 [978-3-540-20997-3]
Vol. 15:Dyszlewicz, J.
Micropolar Theory of Elasticity 356 p. 2004 [978-3-540-41835-1]
Vol. 14:Fremond M., Maceri F. (Eds.) Novel Approaches in Civil Engineering 400 p. 2003 [978-3-540-41836-8]
Vol. 13:Kolymbas D. (Eds.)
Advanced Mathematical and Computational Geomechanics
315 p. 2003 [978-3-540-40547-4]
Vol. 12:Wendland W., Efendiev M. (Eds.) Analysis and Simulation of Multiˇeld Problems 381 p. 2003 [978-3-540-00696-1]
Vol. 11:Hutter K., Kirchner N. (Eds.)
Dynamic Response of Granular and Porous Materials under Large and Catastrophic Deformations 426 p. 2003 [978-3-540-00849-1]
Vol. 10:Hutter K., Baaser H. (Eds.) Deformation and Failure in Metallic Materials 409 p. 2003 [978-3-540-00848-4]
Vol. 9:Skrzypek J., Ganczarski A.W. (Eds.) Anisotropic Behaviour of Damaged Materials 366 p. 2003 [978-3-540-00437-0]
Vol. 8:Kowalski, S.J.
Thermomechanics of Drying Processes 365 p. 2003 [978-3-540-00412-7]
Vol. 7:Shlyannikov, V.N.
Elastic-Plastic Mixed-Mode Fracture Criteria and Parameters
246 p. 2002 [978-3-540-44316-2]
Vol. 6:Popp K., Schiehlen W. (Eds.) System Dynamics and Long-Term Behaviour of Railway Vehicles, Track and Subgrade 488 p. 2002 [978-3-540-43892-2]
Vol. 5:Duddeck, F.M.E.
Fourier BEM: Generalization
of Boundary Element Method by Fourier Transform 181 p. 2002 [978-3-540-43138-1]
Vol. 4:Yuan, H.
Numerical Assessments of Cracks in Elastic-Plastic Materials 311 p. 2002 [978-3-540-43336-1]
Boundary Element Analysis
Mathematical Aspects and Applications
Martin Schanz
Olaf Steinbach
(Eds.)
Prof. Dr.-Ing.Martin Schanz Technische Universit¨at Graz Institut f¨ur Baumechanik Technikerstr. 4
8010 Graz Austria
[email protected] Prof. Dr.Olaf Steinbach Technische Universit¨at Graz Institut f¨ur Numerische Mathematik Steyrergasse 30
8010 Graz Austria
With 118 Figures
Library of Congress Control Number: 2006936726 ISSN 1613-7736
ISBN- 3-540-47465-X Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York ISBN- 978-3-540-47465-4 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broad- casting, reproduction on microfilm or in other ways, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under German Copyright Law.
Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springer.com
c Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007 Printed in Germany
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
Typesetting: Data conversion by the editors.
Final processing by PTP-Berlin Protago-TEX-Production GmbH, Germany (www.ptp-berlin.com) Cover-Design: WMXDesign GmbH, Heidelberg
Printed on acid-free paper 89/3141/Yu - 5 4 3 2 1 0
!
:<U _E?^@* EB S*!*BZ @Z:*@Z<!? UG*!ZU B& Z:* UZZ* E0 Z:* SZ GG?<!;
Z<EBU E0 E^B&Sb *?*@*BZ @*Z:E&U <U &*&<!Z*& ZE E?07B7 K *B&?B& EB Z:* E!!U<EB E0 :<U WdZ: <SZ:&b <B *GZ*@*S ]ddXK *!Z^S*U S*?Z*& ZE Z:*
ZEG<!U <B!?^&*& <B Z:<U EE> `*S* 7<_*B `<Z:<B @<B<Ub@GEU<^@ :*?& &^S<B7 Z:* ?UZ b@GEU<^@ E0 Z:* BZ*SBZ<EB? UUE!<Z<EB E0 E^B&Sb ?*@*BZ
*Z:E&U H I :*?& <B Sc% ^?b Fd-F]% ]ddXK
<B!* Z:* @<& *<7:Z<*U Z:*S* :U **B S*@S>?* &*_*?EG@*BZ <B EZ:
Z:* @Z:*@Z<!? B?bU<U B& *B7<B**S<B7 GG?<!Z<EBU E0 E^B&Sb *?*@*BZ
@*Z:E&UK Z Z^SB*& E^Z Z:Z @EUZ <BBE_Z<EBU 7S*` ^G `<Z:<B UZSEB7 !EEG*S;
Z<EBU *Z`**B @Z:*@Z<!<BU B& *B7<B**SUK EZ: E0 ^U GSZ<!<GZ*& <B Z:*
S<ES<Zb *U*S!: SE7S@ E0 Z:* *S@B *U*S!: E^B&Z<EB HI EB E^B&Sb ?*@*BZ *Z:E&U HFC+C-FCC4I% `:<!: `U &<S*!Z*& b K K *B&;
?B&K <Z:<B Z:<U GSE7S@% ?EZ E0 B*` @Z:*@Z<!? S*U^?ZU `*S* E;
Z<B*& B& ?EZ E0 U<@^?Z<EBU E0 *B7<B**S<B7 GG?<!Z<EBU :U **B S*?;
<c*&K ?? S*U^?ZU `*S* 3B??b G^?<U:*& <B Z:* _E?^@* E^B&Sb *?*@*BZ ZEG<!U HK K *B&?B& *&KI% GS<B7*S% *S?<B% FCCWK
:*S*U <B Z:*U* Z<@*U Z:* &*_*?EG@*BZ E0 Z:* @*Z:E& <ZU*?0 B& Z:* @Z:;
*@Z<!? U<U :U **B GSE@EZ*&% <B Z:* ?UZ &*!&* Z:*S* `U BEZ:*S UZSEB7
<@GSE_*@*BZ <B Z:* B?bU<U E0 E^B&Sb <BZ*7S? *M^Z<EB @*Z:E&U B& <B Z:* B^@*S<!? B?bU<U B& <@G?*@*BZZ<EB E0 E^B&Sb *?*@*BZ @*Z:E&U &^*
ZE Z:* E_*S`:*?@<B7 U^!!*UU E0 0UZ E^B&Sb *?*@*BZ @*Z:E&UK ?Z:E^7: Z:*
0UZ @^?Z<GE?* @*Z:E& `U ?S*&b ^U*& 0ES UE@* Z<@*% Z:*<S @SS<7* `<Z:
GSE0E^B& B^@*S<!? B?bU<U E0 ?*S><B E^B&Sb *?*@*BZ @*Z:E&U `U BEZ !EBU<&*S*& *0ES*K ES*E_*S% ?7*S<! GGSEa<@Z<EB @*Z:E&U U^!: U Z:* &GZ<_* SEUU GGSEa<@Z<EB ?7ES<Z:@ ES Z:* !EB!*GZ E0 <*SS!:<!?
ZS<!*U !EBZS<^Z* ZE Z:* EB7E<B7 U^!!*UU E0 @E&*SB 0UZ E^B&Sb *?*@*BZ
@*Z:E&UK Z <U `ESZ: ZE @*BZ<EB Z:Z ?@EUZ ?? E0 Z:EU* !:<*_*@*BZU S* UZ<??
EZ<B*& `<Z:<B UZSEB7 !EEG*SZ<EBU *Z`**B @Z:*@Z<!<BU B& *B7<B**SU%
B& `<Z: &<S*!Z GG?<!Z<EBU <B <B&^UZSbK
*B!* Z:* UG<S<Z E0 Z:* 0ES@*S S*U*S!: GSE7S@ <U UZ<?? !Z<_* B& `<??
:EG*0^??b <B<Z<Z* 0^SZ:*S !E??ESZ<EBU ?*&<B7 ZE @ES* <@GS*UU<_* S*U^?ZUK B
R*0!*
GSZ<!^?S% Z:* <@ <U ZE UE?_* @ES* !:??*B7<B7 S*? `ES?& GG?<!Z<EBUK :<U UZSEB7 !EEG*SZ<EB *Z`**B GG?<*& @Z:*@Z<!U B& *B7<B**S<B7 U!<*B!*U `U
?`bU EB* E0 Z:* &S<_<B7 0ES!*U <B Z:* U!<*BZ<3! `ES> E0 E?07B7 *B&?B&K :<U UG<S<Z !B ?UE * EU*S_*& <B ?? GS*U*BZZ<EBU <B Z:<U _E?^@*K * S*
:GGb ZE &*&<!Z* Z:<U EE> ZE :<@ B& ZE Z:B> :<@ 0ES :<U ?EB7 B& EB7E<B7 U^GGESZ B& *B!E^S7*@*BZ E0 Z:* E^B&Sb *?*@*BZ !E@@^B<ZbK
:<U _E?^@* !EBZ<BU *?*_*B !EBZS<^Z<EBU U:E`<B7 Z:* `<&* SB7* E0 E^B&Sb <BZ*7S? *M^Z<EB B& E^B&Sb *?*@*BZ @*Z:E&UK *U<&* @ES* B;
?bZ<!? UG*!ZU <B Z:* 0ES@^?Z<EB B& B?bU<U E0 E^B&Sb <BZ*7S? *M^;
Z<EBU ?UE Z:* UZZ* E0 SZ E0 E^B&Sb *?*@*BZ ?7ES<Z:@U S* &*U!S<*& B&
B?bc*& 0SE@ @Z:*@Z<!? GE<BZ E0 _<*`K B &&<Z<EB% *B7<B**S<B7 B&
<B&^UZS<? GG?<!Z<EBU E0 Z:EU* @*Z:E&U S* GS*U*BZ*& U:E`<B7 Z:* <?<Zb E0
@E&*SB E^B&Sb *?*@*BZ @*Z:E&U ZE UE?_* !:??*B7<B7 GSE?*@UK
* `E^?& ?<>* ZE Z:B> ?? ^Z:ESU 0ES Z:*<S !EBZS<^Z<EBU ZE Z:<U _E?^@*K ES*E_*S% `* ?UE Z:B> ?? BEBb@E^U S*0*S**U 0ES Z:*<S `ES>% Z:*<S !S<Z<!<U@%
B& Z:*<S GSEGEU?UK :*U* :<BZU `*S* _*Sb :*?G0^? ZE <@GSE_* Z:* !EBZS<^;
Z<EBUK <B??b% `* `E^?& ?<>* ZE Z:B> SK K <Zc<B7*S E0 GS<B7*S *<&*?*S7 0ES Z:* !EBZ<B^<B7 U^GGESZ B& GZ<*B!* `:<?* GS*GS<B7 Z:<U _E?^@*K
Sc% CH27 07P
^7^UZ ]ddX 5' H#270
##"
96$ 2BG9A25 $6A4B 97 G0$ 9B2G2L2GO 9( 9K7"AO 7G$/A5 ;$AG9AB
CH27 9DH#5F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F L$A/27/ $072?K$B (9A 9BG$A29A2 AA9A 97GA95 27 272G$
5$6$7G 7" 9K7"AO 5$6$7G 75OB2B
CDH#7 CDH#7D#7 2C4 C#H9C2KD F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F ]C 9K;5$" 272G$ 7" 9K7"AO 5$6$7G 9627
$96;9B2G297 $G09"B
5C20 7.#C 5' H#270 F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F XF 0$ 0;&$AB297 9( G0$ 9K7"AO 5$6$7G $G09" (9A G0$
6$ ?KG297 27 H
HH02D 2D04 C7DH > H#;07F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F CW
;AB$ 97L95KG297 K"AGKA$ (9A 26$ 9627 9K7"AO 7G$/A5 9A6K5G297B 9( G0$ L$ ?KG297 O KG9) 7"
7$5&5KBG$A27/
95'.7. 4KD0 #7!O C#DD H#'7 > KH#CF F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F FFF[
BG K5G2;95$ $G09"B 7" ;;52G297B
"K7H0#C ' F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F FF[4 BG 9K7"AO 7G$/A5 ?KG297 $G09"
(9A 5BG9"O762B 27 26$ 9627 7" GB A55$52BG297
9D0202C9 H72 9CK 40D02 9D02 2D026KCF F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F FFXF
& 7" 9;959/25 $A2LG2L$ ;;52$"
G9 9KBG2 7L$AB$ GG$A27/
C 977#H 295D #62HPF F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F FF+W
EBX*BXS
9K7"AO 5$6$7G $G09"B (9A ""O KAA$7G 96;KGG297 5' 2;H62C F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F]F[
BG 9K7"AO 5$6$7G $G09"B 27 96;KGG2975 5$GA96/7$G2B6
H#'7 KCP 52L#C 27 #C.#3 3D79MF F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F]6C 1B$" 26K5G297B 27 7/27$$A27/ $B2/7
9C7 7!3#52 D627 632 20#5 97COF F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F]+F
2c |£¬¡|VF 1cF¡£ ¬yc ,£|¬|µ|¬¸
n °]F¡¸ ¬cv¡F #c¡F¬¡£
SZ<B EUZ*?
& B<]*RS<X* '* *BB*S F& @G\S '* *\?<*\& Y4b6[ *BB*S& RB!*
%& R<X<EB? R7\@*BXS 7E !> ?EB7 X<@* <B X:* :<SXER` E0 E\B'R`
<BX*7R? *M\X<EBSK B*R7` @*X:E'S :]* S:E^B \G ]*R` *R?`& X:*B ]<RX\??` '<S;
GG*R*' 0RE@ X:* !E@@EB >BE^?*'7* B' *]*BX\??` R*S\R0!*' <B X:* !EBX*_X E0 E\B'R` *?*@*BX @*X:E'SK * 0E!\S EB SE@* BEX SE ^*?? >BE^B GRXS E0 !?SS<!?
^ER>S ` ^*?? >BE^B !?SS<!? \X:ERS B' '*S!R<* X:* R*?X<EB E0 X:*<R <'*S XE
@E'*RB ]R<X<EB? GR<B!<G?*S <B E\B'R` *?*@*BX @*X:E'SK
+ (62*96$*(
:* @*Z:E& E0 E^B&Sb <BZ*7S? *M^Z<EBU :U ?`bU :& Z`E <@GESZBZ GG?<!Z<EBU <B Z:* Z:*ESb E0 E^B&Sb _?^* GSE?*@U 0ES GSZ<? &<1*S*BZ<?
*M^Z<EBU$ U Z:*ES*Z<!? ZEE? 0ES GSE_<B7 Z:* *a<UZ*B!* E0 UE?^Z<EBU B& U GS!Z<!? ZEE? 0ES Z:* !EBUZS^!Z<EB E0 UE?^Z<EBUK :<U <U EB* E0 Z:* UG*!ZU Z:Z :U S*@<B*& !EBUZBZ U<B!* Z:* Z<@*U E0 S**B B& ^UU <B Z:* *S?b FCZ: !*BZ^Sb ^BZ<? E^S Z<@*UK Z:*S <&*U% <B GSZ<!^?S Z*!:B<M^*U E0 Z:*
B?bU<U E0 <BZ*7S? *M^Z<EBU% :_* E0 !E^SU* 7S*Z?b !:B7*& B& *_E?_*& <B Z:* @*BZ<@*% ^Z <Z <U !^S<E^U ZE U** :E` UE@* E0 Z:* _*Sb *S?b M^*UZ<EBU B& Z*!:B<M^*U S* S*?Z*& ZE S*!*BZ U<@G?* U<! S*U^?ZU E^Z Z:* UZS^!Z^S*
E0 E^B&Sb <BZ*7S? *M^Z<EBUK
:<U SZ<!?* :U *_E?_*& 0SE@ UE@* EU*S_Z<EBU @&* <B Z:* Z?> X E^Z Z:* U!<*BZ<3! `ES> E0 E?07B7 *B&?B&% !EBB*!Z<B7 `ES>U b S? S<*&S<!:
^UU FF B& S? *^@BB ]W ZE Z:* `ES> b *B&?B& B& :<U 7SE^G EB _S<Z<EB? @*Z:E&U 0ES E^B&Sb <BZ*7S? *M^Z<EBUK B GSZ<!^?S Z:* !^S<E^U
!U* E0 O^UUR @<UU<B7 Z:*ES*@P EB Z:* GEU<Z<_<Zb E0 Z:* U<B7?* ?b*S GEZ*BZ<?
EG*SZES - GSEE0 E0 `:<!: !E^?& :_* **B 7<_*B b ^UU :<@U*?0% ^Z `U
<B 0!Z EB?b 7<_*B F[4 b*SU ?Z*S b *&*?*! B& ?B!:S& ]X - U**@*& ZE
* U^2!<*BZ?b <BZS<7^<B7 ZE @*S<Z @ES* &*Z<?*& GS*U*BZZ<EBK U*!EB&Sb GZ: !EB!*SB<B7 U*!EB& ><B& E^B&Sb <BZ*7S? *M^Z<EBU% ?*&<B7 0SE@ *^;
@BBRU EU*S_Z<EB E0 Z:* !EBZS!Z<EB GSEG*SZb E0 Z:* &E^?* ?b*S GEZ*BZ<?
ZE Z:* S*!*BZ GG*S [F b Z*<B!: B& *B&?B& `:*S* *B*S7b @*Z:E&U
[ K ESX*?
`*S* ^U*& ZE GSE_* Z:* !EBZS!Z<EB GSEG*SZb <B _*Sb 7*B*S? !U*U% U**@*& ZE
* ?*UU UZS<7:Z0ES`S& EB Z:* ?*_*? E0 B?bZ<!? ZEE?U B& @Z:*@Z<!? <&*UK E??E`<B7 Z:* *S?b Z`<UZU E0 Z:<U GZ:% :E`*_*S% EB* !E@*U !SEUU Z:* @EB^;
@*BZ? GG*S ]C b *BS< E<B!S* `:<!: ^U*U% <B&**&% *B*S7b @*Z:E&U 0ES GSE_<B7 Z:* !EBZS!Z<EB GSEG*SZb E0 *^@BBRU EG*SZESK :* :<UZES<!? ZS<?
E0 E<B!S*RU GG*S `:<!:% 0Z*S :_<B7 **B <BUZBZ?b 0@E^U <B<Z<??b% U**@U ZE :_* &<UGG*S*& 0SE@ Z:* !E@@EB >BE`?*&7* E0 Z:* E^B&Sb *?*@*BZ
!E@@^B<Zb% <U U*!EB& !^S<EU<Zb EB `:<!: `* `<?? ZSb ZE U:*& UE@* ?<7:Z :*S*K b Z><B7 Z:<U ?EE>% `* `<?? *_*B 3B& UE@* OB*`P @Z:*@Z<!? S*U^?ZUK
:<U GG*S &E*U BEZ GS*U*BZ U*S<E^U S*U*S!: <BZE Z:* :<UZESb E0 @Z:;
*@Z<!U% `:<!: `E^?& S*M^<S* @^!: @ES* UG!*% Z<@* B& >BE`?*&7* Z:B _<??* ZE Z:* ^Z:ESK Z SZ:*S UZbU `<Z:<B Z:* BSSE` _<*`<B7 B7?* E0 Z:*
:<UZESb E0 Z:* B?bZ<!? 0E^B&Z<EBU E0 E^B&Sb *?*@*BZ @*Z:E&U% ^Z <Z ZS<*U ZE <??^UZSZ* :E` 0S*U: ?EE>% :E`*_*S <U*&% !B S*_*? B*` &*Z<?U E0 E?&
@EB^@*BZUK * `<?? !EBU<&*S &E@<B UGBB*& b Z:* 0E^S GG*SU b ^UU FF % E<B!S* ]C % *&*?*! B& ?B!:S& ]X % B& Z*<B!: B& *B&?B&
[F K 0 EB* GS*0*SU :*a7EB? !EBUZ*??Z<EB% EB* !B && *^@BBRU EE>
]W B& Z:* GG*S W <B `:<!: Z:* 7*B*S?<Zb E0 *B*S7b @*Z:E&U `U *@G:;
U<c*&K ES =^UZ<3!Z<EB E0 Z:<U !E@<BZ<EB E0 GG*SU% U^2!* <Z ZE Ub Z:Z <B Z:* U>b% 0ES 7<_<B7 Z:* G*S!*GZ<EB E0 `*??;?B!*& !EBUZ*??Z<EB% Z:* @ES*
&<UZBZ E=*!ZU :_* ZE * @^!: <77*S UZSU Z:B Z:* E=*!ZU !?EU*S ZE Z:*
EU*S_*SK K K <Z:<B Z:<U !EBUZ*??Z<EB% Z:*S* *a<UZU @bS<& E0 EZ:*S GE<BZU E0
?<7:Z% EB?b UE@* E0 `:<!: `<?? @>* U:ESZ GG*SB!* <B Z:* 0E??E`<B7K Z:*S _*Sb S<7:Z UZSU <B Z:* _<!<B<Zb E0 E^S !EBUZ*??Z<EB% 0SE@ **U7^* B& S*&;
:E?@ E_*S <?*SZ ZE ?&*SEB-b7@^B& B& cb% `<?? BEZ * !EBU<&*S*&
:*S*K
:* GG*SU `* S* ZSb<B7 ZE !EBB*!Z *?EB7% <B 0!Z% ZE Z:S** M^<Z* &<1*S*BZ 7?a<*U$ :*S* <U E^SU% *aZ*B&<B7 E_*S SE^7:?b Z:* ?UZ 6d b*SU% !:S!Z*S<c*&
b Z:* _<?<?<Zb E0 @Bb U<@G?* ^Z _*Sb GE`*S0^? ZEE?U ?<>* Z:* U<! Z:*ESb E0 <?*SZ B& B!: UG!*U% &<UZS<^Z<EBU% E^S<*S ZSBU0ES@U B& EE?*_
UG!*UK Z Z:* &<UZBZ *B& Z:*S* <U Z:* *S?b FCZ: !*BZ^Sb `<Z: ^UU% `:*S*
Z:* 3SUZ 7*B*S? ZEE?U <B GEZ*BZ<? Z:*ESb B& GSZ<? &<1*S*BZ<? *M^Z<EBU
`*S* *<B7 0ES7*&K B *Z`**B Z:*S* <U Z:* *B& E0 Z:* FCZ: !*BZ^Sb% SE^7:?b 0SE@ F+Wd ZE FCFd `<Z: !EB&*BUZ<EB SE^B& F+C4-FCdd% <B Z:* !*BZ*S E0
`:<!: `* U** E<B!S*% `:*S* <B !?EU* S*?Z<EB `<Z: Z:* *@*S7*B!* E0 @E&*SB G:bU<!U Z:* 3SUZ UZ*GU `*S* &EB* <B &<S*!Z<EBU Z:Z ?*& ZE Z:* U^U*M^*BZ
*aG?EU<EB E0 0^B!Z<EB? B?bU<U *7<BB<B7 M^<Z* UEEB 0Z*S`S&UK
:Z <U !E@@EB ZE ?? Z:S** G*S<E&U <U Z:* UZSEB7 GS<@Sb @EZ<_Z<EB E0 Z:* @Z:*@Z<!? S*U*S!: b GG?<!Z<EBU% `:<!: Z:*B ?*& ZE Z:* &<U!E_*Sb E0
*^Z<0^? UZS^!Z^S*U Z:Z `*S* <B_*UZ<7Z*& 0ES Z:*<S E`B U>*% Z:* S*U^?Z *<B7 Z:* !S*Z<EB BEZ EB?b E0 3B* B*` @Z:*@Z<!U% ^Z ?UE E0 @ES* GE`*S0^? ZEE?U 0ES Z:* GG?<!Z<EBUK *Z ^U M^EZ* 0SE@ ^UUR <BZSE&^!Z<EB ZE Fd `:*S* :*
Z?>U E^Z UE@* E0 Z:* @<_?*B!* <B Z:* S*?Z<EB *Z`**B @Z:*@Z<!U B&
<ZU GG?<!Z<EBU$
E@* <SXER<!? *@R>S EB X:* ES<X<]<X` E0 E\B'R` BX*7R? G*RXERS Y
*S SUZ?EU* <0*S% `E@<Z @B <B B*^*S*S *<Z <B ??*B :*<?*B &*S S&E*S5'!:* &<* <!:Z^B7 ^B& Z'S>* &*S @7B*Z<U!:*B S0Z &*S S&* c^ *S0ESU!:*B UZS*Z% <UZ *<B* ^@ UE *S0S*^?<!:*S* SU!:*<B^B7%
=* U<!:ZS*S &*< &U S*<B `<UU*BU!:0Z?<!:* BZ*S*UU* :*S_ESZS<ZZK
*BB <B &*S :Z% `<* `<!:Z<7 ^!: 0'^S &<* !:<10:SZ &<* @'E7?<!:UZ _E??UZ'B&<7* *BBZB<UU &*S `*<!:^B7U?<B<* <UZ% UE *SUZS*!>Z U<!: &E!:
<:S *&'^S0B<UU **B B<!:Z `*<Z*S% ^B& `U &S'^*S :<B^U?<*7Z% ?*<Z 0'^S =*B* *<B:* 7?*<!:7'^?Z<7K *S &<* <UU*BU!:0Z% `*BB 7?*<!:
^!: &*@ @Z*S<*??*B BZ*S*UU* 0'ES&*S?<!:% ?'UUZ U<!: B<!:Z ^0 &<*U*U
*U!:S'B>*B% UEB&*SB 0ES&*SZ 0'^S ??* ?*@*BZ* <:S*S ESU!:^B7 7?*<;
!:* BUZS*B7^B7K
B *S?<*S M^EZ* <U Z:* 0E??E`<B7 M^<Z* @E&*SB;UE^B&<B7 7S^@?* 0SE@ F+]4 F[ $
:S 7'^Z<7*S S<*0 :Z @<S ^@ UE @*:S *S7B'^7*B 7*@!:Z% =* U*?;
Z*B*S =*ZcZ <B *^ZU!:?B& `S@*U BZ*S*UU* B Z:*@Z<> <UZK E
*S0S*^?<!: &<* 7*7*B`'SZ<7* :E:* ?'^Z:* &*S UZSEBE@<U!:*B <U;
U*BU!:0Z*B <UZ% UE U!:*<BZ &E!: &<* GS>Z<U!:* *B&*Bc 0UZ c^ ^U;
U!:?<*UU?<!: _ES:*SSU!:*B&% ^B& &<* @*<UZ*B U*:*B &<* UZS!Z* ; Z:*@Z<> :'E!:UZ*BU ?U 7& &*S UZSEBE@<* B% &<* B^S &*U`*7*B c^
ZE?*S<S*B <UZK.
B @ES* Z*!:B<!? ?*_*?% ?? Z:S** G*S<E&U :_* <B !E@@EB Z:ZLC2H2975 6#H09!D G?b B <@GESZBZ SE?*K B ^UUR Z<@*% _S<Z<EB? GS<B!<G?*U `*S*
!E@@EB?b ^U*& 0ES *a<UZ*B!* GSEE0U% U^!: U <B ^UUR *a<UZ*B!* GSEE0 0ES Z:* <S<!:?*Z GSE?*@K B E<B!S*RU Z<@*% EB Z:* GS!Z<!? U<&* Z:*<S 3*?&
E0 GG?<!Z<EBU :& **B *B?S7*& ZE !E_*S Z:* !EBUZS^!Z<EB E0 *<7*B0^B!Z<EB UbUZ*@U _< @<B;@a GS<B!<G?*U% B& EB Z:* Z:*ES*Z<!? U<&* Z:* GSE?*@U
!^U*& b Z:* G*S!*<_*& <B&*M^!<*U E0 ZEE B')_* GG?<!Z<EBU E0 _S<Z<EB?
GS<B!<G?*U H!0K *<*SUZSUUR `*??;>BE`B !S<Z<!<U@ E0 <S<!:?*ZRU GS<B!<G?*I `*S*
*7<BB<B7 ZE 3B& UE?^Z<EBUK <?*SZ F6 <U E0Z*B !S*&<Z*& `<Z: :_<B7 7<_*B Z:* 3SUZ S<7ESE^U 0ES@^?Z<EB B& GG?<!Z<EB E0 <S<!:?*ZRU GS<B!<G?*K *S*
:* R*SX?*SS *7*RB*SS ^<X: ^:<!: <B R*!*BX X<@*S EB* SXR<]*S XE <B]*SX<7X* <B
?? GRXS E0 X:* S\R0!* E0 X:* *RX: X:* '<R*!X<EB B' SXR*B7X: E0 X:* @7B*X<! 0ER!*
E0 X:* *RX:& <S '*]*?EG@*BX ^:<!: <S ?? X:* @ER* G?*S<B7 X:* !?*R*R X:* G\R*?`
S!<*BX<3! <BX*R*SX <S SXB'<B7 E\XK ER& <B 0!X& :E^ <@GERXBX X:* @ESX !E@G?*X*
>BE^?*'7* E0 X:* '*]<X<EB ?<B* @` * 0ER B]<7X<EB& X:* B**' E0 X:* ?XX*R =\SX 'E*S BEX *_X*B' 0\RX:*R& B' <X R*@<BS ?@ESX <B'<1*R*BX XE B`X:<B7 X:X ?<*S *`EB'K
\X !<*B!*& ?*<X ?SE *B*3!<? XE X:* @X*R<? <BX*R*SX& !BBEX * R*SXR<!X*' XE X:<S& \X R*M\<R*S 0ER ?? *?*@*BXS E0 <XS R*S*R!: X:* S@* *1ERXK
E\R ><B' ?*XX*R :S 7<]*B @* ?? X:* @ER* G?*S\R* X:* RR*R X:*R* <S BE^
^R@ <BX*R*SX <B @X:*@X<!S <B *R@B`K S G?*SBX S X:* !\RR*BX :<7: ?EE@
E0 X:* SXREBE@<!? S!<*B!*S @` *& X:* GR!X<!? X*B'*B!` S**@S XE * ?@ESX XEE
*_!?\S<]*?` GR*'E@<BBX& B' @ESX G*EG?* !EBS<'*R SXR!X @X:*@X<!S X @ESX S S*R]BX E0 SXREBE@` ^:<!: <S EB?` X:*R*0ER* XE * XE?*RX*'K
6 K ESX*?
<U% :E`*_*S% M^EZ* 0SE@ S*!*BZ GG*S F b EB* E0 Z:* UG*!<?<UZU <B Z:*
!?!^?^U E0 _S<Z<EBU$
B FCdd% K <?*SZ% <B !*?*SZ*& &&S*UU% 0E??E`*& b HU?<7:Z?bI
@ES* &*Z<?*& GG*S <B FCd6 F6% F4% FX % BBE^B!*& Z:Z :* :& UE?_*&
Z:* <S<!:?*Z GSE?*@ K K K _< Z:* <S<!:?*Z GS<B!<G?* `:<!: :& **B
&<U!E_*S*& b K S**B <B F+[[% `<Z: ?Z*S !EBZS<^Z<EBU b K K
^UU HF+[WI% K :E@UEB H.ES& *?_<BI HF+6WI B& K <*@BB HF+4[IK K K K
:* BBE^B!*@*BZ E0 <?*SZ Z^SB*& E^Z ZE * ?<ZZ?* GS*@Z^S*K BUZ*&% <Z *!@* GSE7S@ `:<!: UZ<@^?Z*& @Bb G*EG?* &^S<B7 Z:* G*S<E& FCdd;FC6d$ K *_<% K **U7^*% K EB*??<% K E^SBZ%
K K EE?*_ B& @Bb EZ:*SUK B FC6d% K *b? 6d !E@G?*Z*&
<?*SZRU GSE7S@K b FC6d Z:* ?!^?^U E0 S<Z<EBU :& **B G?!*&
EB 3S@ 7SE^B&U K K K
:^U !?EU*S ?EE> Z :<UZESb Z*B&U ZE ?^S Z:* E^B&S<*U E0 `:Z !EBUZ<Z^Z*U 0ES@? B& !E@G?*Z* GSEE0K B Bb !U*% BE`&bU `* :_* !?*S!^Z U<!
ZEE?U ?<>* <?*SZ UG!*U% Z:* <*Uc S*GS*U*BZZ<EB Z:*ES*@% Z:* a;<?7S@
?*@@% B& EE?*_ UG!*U% `:<!: ??E` ^U ZE Z*!: <S<!:?*ZRU GS<B!<G?* <B 3SUZ !E^SU* EB 3B<Z* *?*@*BZ @*Z:E&UK
3B? S<&7* *Z`**B Z:* GS*U*BZ B& Z:* GUZ U:E^?& * @*BZ<EB*& Z:Z
??E`U ^U ZE GGSE!: Z:EU* &<UZBZ 7?a<*U 0S @ES* *U<?b Z:B :& **B GEUU<?* 0ES ?EB7 Z<@*$ :* BZ*SB*ZK ?@EUZ ?? S*0*S*B!*U <B Z:<U SZ<!?* S*
S*&<?b B& 0S**?b _<??* EB?<B*% Z:B>U ZE *BZ*SGS<U*U ?<>* !Z@Z:*@Z<!%
??<!% % % % GS<B7*S<B>K
B Z:* 0E??E`<B7 `* `<?? 3SUZ @>* UE@* S*@S>U E^Z ^UU B& Z:* 3SUZ
><B& <BZ*7S? *M^Z<EB E0 Z:* U<B7?* ?b*S GEZ*BZ<?K :*B `* &*U!S<* UE@* E0 E<B!S*RU <&*U E^Z Z:* &E^?* ?b*S GEZ*BZ<?K B Z:* 3B? GSZ `* ?<UZ 0*` >BE`B B& ^B>BE`B S*U^?ZU S*?Z*& ZE Z:*U* E?& <&*UK
8 933 ( 6" $(!& =2 *6(6$&
B F+[+;6d% S? S<*&S<!: ^UU G^?<U:*& Z:S** 0@E^U `ES>U `:<!: UZB& Z Z:* *7<BB<B7 E0 E^S !^S<E^U :<UZESb E0 E^B&Sb <BZ*7S? *M^Z<EB @*Z:E&U$
B Z`E E0 Z:*@% Fd B& F] % :* <BZSE&^!*& E^B&Sb <BZ*7S? *M^Z<EBU HE0 Z:* 3SUZ ><B&/I U ZEE? <B B^@*S<!? !E@G^ZZ<EBU B& G^?<U:*& *aZ*BU<_*
Z?*U B& 7SG:U E0 B^@*S<!? S*U^?ZU EZ<B*& <B GSZ b *@G?Eb<B7 Z:<U ZEE?K Z <U ZS^?b @c<B7 ZE U** :E` @^!: !E^?& * !:<*_*& `<Z: B^@*S<!?
!?!^?Z<EBU b :B& `:*B GE`*S0^? B?bZ<!? ZEE?U `*S* ^U*&K B Fd% =[]
^UU 7<_*U U<@G?* &*U!S<GZ<EB E0 Z:* GS<B!<G?* E0 E^B&Sb S*&^!Z<EB% B
<&* 0SE@ `:<!: BEZ:*S ZS!> ?*&U ZE ?Z*S U^!!*UU0^? @*Z:E&U 0ES GSE_<B7
*a<UZ*B!* 0ES Z:* <S<!:?*Z GSE?*@% B@*?b !:`ScR ?Z*SBZ<B7 @*Z:E& B&
E<B!S*RU U`**G<B7 ES O?b7*P @*Z:E&K
4 []K <* SZ &*S `<S>?<!:*B *SZ:*<?^B7 &*S @7B*Z<U!:*B ?'^UU<7>*<;
Z*B <B &*S S&* ?*<Z BEZ:`*B&<7*S`*<U* ^B*UZ<@@ZK B &*S :Z
>BB B!: *<B*@ ??7*@*<B*B :*ES*@% `*?!:*U *S*<ZU <B &*S 7H#71 D2HD SZK ] *S`':BZ <UZ% ^B& *< *<B*S B&*SB *?*7*B:*<Z ^U0'^:S?<!:
*:B&*?Z `*S&*B UE??% BUZZZ =*&*S *?<*<7*B *SZ:*<?^B7 &*S @7;
B*Z<U!:*B ?'^UU<7>*<Z*B <BB*S:? *<B*U >'ESG*S?<!:*B ^@*U ??*@?
U^UZ<Z^<SZ `*S&*B *<B* *SZ:*<?^B7 ^0 &*S *S5'!:* &<*U*U ^@*U%
UE &UU &<* <S>^B7 <B =*&*@ ^B>Z* &*U '^UU*S*B ^@*U 7*B^
&<*U*?* ?*<Z% `ES^U @B ?*<!:Z U!:?<*UUZ% &UU#27#C5#2 <S>^B7 <@
7Bc*B '^UU*SB ^@* ^U ^B*B&?<!: _<*?*BL#CD02#!#7#7 *SZ:*<?^B;
7*B &*S @7B*Z<U!:*B ?'^UU<7>*<Z*B <@ BB*SB c^?*<Z*B <UZK,
0Z*S Z:<U% :* 7<_*U% 0ES Z:* !U* E0 ??% B *aGBU<EB <B UG:*S<!? :S@EB;
<!U E0 Z:* ^B>BE`B &*BU<Zb EB Z:* U^S0!*K :* OEZ:*S E!!U<EBP `:*S* Z:*
@*BZ<EB*& :*ES*@ `U 7E<B7 ZE O* ZS*Z*& *aZ*BU<_*?bP% <U Z:* Z:<S& GG*S FF% =[X K
B Z:<U GG*S% ^UU BEZ EB?b ?bU &E`B Z:* 0E^B&Z<EBU E0 GEZ*BZ<? Z:*ESb%
<B!?^&<B7 Z:* @*B _?^* GSEG*SZb E0 :S@EB<! 0^B!Z<EBU H=]dI% Z:* @a<@^@
GS<B!<G?* B& Z:* GS<B!<G?* E0 ^B<M^* !EBZ<B^Z<EB H=]FI% ^Z :* ?UE UZ^&<*U <B
&*Z<? Z:* GSEG*SZ<*U E0 U<B7?* ?b*S GEZ*BZ<?UK * GS*U*BZU Z:* =^@G S*?Z<EBU H=F4I B& Z:* U<! <BZ*7SZ<EB b GSZU 0ES@^? H=]FV BE` >BE`B U S**BRU 3SUZ 0ES@^?% *!^U* S**B 0ES@^?Z*& Z:<U UE@* b*SU *0ES* ^UU% :<U
`ES>U BEZ b*Z *<B7 `<&*?b >BE`B Z Z:* Z<@* E0 ^UUR GG*SIK * `<?? M^EZ*
Z:*U* Z`E S*U^?ZU *?E` <B ^UUR E`B BEZZ<EB% U E^S G<*!*U E0 *_<&*B!* <B Z:* !^S<E^U !U* E0 O^UUR @<UU<B7 Z:*ES*@KP *Z ^U 3SUZ U**% :E`*_*S% :E`
^UU !EBU<&*SU Z:* GEU<Z<_<Zb E0 Z:* U<B7?* ?b*S GEZ*BZ<? <BZ*7S? EG*SZESK B :<U E`B `ES&U$
[dK U <UZ _EB U*?UZ >?S% &UU% `<* ^!: <@@*S *<B* UU* ^*S'
*<B* ?'!:*.5#20CH2. _*SZ:*<?Z U*<B @'E7*% &U &S^U *BZUGS<B7*B&*
'
^*S?? GEU<Z<_* EZ*BZ<? <B =*&*@ ^B>Z* &*S ?'!:* 7S'EUU*S U*<B
`<S&% ?U ?% `*BBL&<* 7S'EUUZ* BZ0*SB^B7 c`*<*S ^B>Z* &*S ?'!:*
_EB*<BB&*S *&*^Z*Z$ &<*U*B *SZ: U*?UZ >'EBBZ* &U EZ*BZ<? B^S
<B *<B*@ B&G^B>Z &*S <B<*L :*B% `*BB &<* 7Bc* UU* <B &*@
B&*SB B&G^B>Z* !EB!*BZS<SZ `'S*% *<B ??% &*S :<*S 7S B<!:Z <B S7* >E@@Z% <B&*@ B^S _EB UZ*Z<7*S *SZ:*<?^B7 &<* *&* U*<B UE??%
`E =*&*@ ?*@*BZ &*S ?'!:* &OB^S *<B* ^B*B&?<!: >?*<B* UU*>&O
:* SG*!<3!S E0 X:* R*? '<SXR<\X<EB E0 X:* @7B*X<! 5\<'S <B X:* *RX: R*@<B B*!*SSR<?` \B'*X*R@<B*'K B'**'& !!ER'<B7 XE 7*B*R? X:*ER*@ ^:<!: :S ?R*'`
**B @*BX<EB*' <B X:*! ! RXK [ B' S:?? * XR*X*' *_X*BS<]*?` X BEX:*R E!!S<EB& EB* !B ?^`S S\SX<X\X* <BSX*' E0 B` R<XRR` '<SXR<\X<EB E0 X:*
@7B*X<! 5\<'S <BS<'* E'<?` SG!*& '<SXR<\X<EB EB X:* S\R0!* E0 X:<S SG!*& SE X:X X:* *1*!X <B *]*R` GE<BX E0 X:* *_X*R<ER SG!* R*@<BS *_!X?` X:* S@*& 0RE@
^:<!: EB* *S<?` !EB!?\'*S X:X B! *1*!X <B X:* *BX<R* *_X*R<ER SG!* <S XE
* '*R<]*' 0RE@ <B3B<X*?` @B`! '<SXR<\X<EBS E0 X:* @7B*X<! 5\<'S <B X:*
<BX*R<ERK
E@* <SXER<!? *@R>S EB X:* ES<X<]<X` E0 E\B'R` BX*7R? G*RXERS
V K ESX*?
*BZUGS<!:ZK U BZ*7S? *
>&O ^*S &<* 7Bc* ?'!:* ^U7*&*:BZ%'
<UZ ?UE =*&*B0??U 7S'EUU*S ?U*
?>&OE&*S? % ^B& UE @^UU *U BEZ:;
`*B&<7 *<B* 7?*<!:SZ<7* *SZ:*<?^B7USZ 7**B% 0'^S `*?!:* =*B*U BZ*;
7S? *<B*B <B<@^@`*SZ: :ZK
:* BEZ<EB O7?*<!:SZ<7P H:E@E7*B*E^UI @*BU BEZ !:B7<B7 U<7B% <B Z:* !U*
E0 GEU<Z<_* ZEZ? @UU Z:*S*0ES* BEB;B*7Z<_*K
B Z:* GS7SG:U Z:Z 0E??E`% :* !EBU<&*SU @ES* 7*B*S? GSE?*@$ <_*B !EBZ<B^E^U 0^B!Z<EB EB Z:* U^S0!*% @<B<@<U* Z:* <BZ*7S?
. )
H 3]I>&O F
:<U <U Z:*B U**B ZE * *M^<_?*BZ ZE Z:* <BZ*7S? *M^Z<EB GSE?*@$ <B&
BEB;B*7Z<_* @UU &*BU<Zb>E0 ZEZ? @UU B& !EBUZBZU^!: Z:Z Z:*
U<B7?* ?b*S GEZ*BZ<? UZ<U3*U L. EB Z:* U^S0!*K * ?UE !EBU<&*SU Z:* !U* `:*S*<U 7<_*B B& <U BEZ 3a*&% Z:^U Z:* U<! 3SUZ ><B& <BZ*7S?
*M^Z<EB `<Z: Z:* FRL>*SB*?K
ES Z:<U GSE?*@ :* 7<_*U &*Z<?*& GSEE0 E0 *a<UZ*B!* B& ^B<M^*B*UUK SE@ Z:<U S*U^?Z :* Z:*B &*&^!*U B *a<UZ*B!* GSEE0 0ES Z:* <S<!:?*Z GSE?*@
<B GEZ*BZ<? Z:*ESbK
:Z =^@GU E^Z Z ^U `:*B `* S*& Z:<U S7^@*BZ <U%9' 9KCD#% Z:Z ^UU
!E@@<ZU Z:* 0S*U:@B *SSES E0 !EB0^U<B7 <B3@^@ B& @<B<@^@ B& Z:Z U
!EBU*M^*B!* :* :U% <B S*?<Zb% BE *a<UZ*B!* GSEE0K :<U `:E?* G<*!* E0 B?bU<U
`U% <B&**&% 0S :*& E0 <ZU Z<@*% B& `* ?? >BE` Z:Z Z:* !S^!<? M^*UZ<EB E0 !E@G?*Z*B*UU `U EB?b U*S<E^U?b UZ^&<*& 0Z*S *<*SUZSUU :& !S<Z<!<c*&
Z:<U B')_* ^U* E0 _S<Z<EB? S7^@*BZUK *<*SUZSUUR @<B _<!Z<@ `U Z:*
<S<!:?*Z GS<B!<G?*% Z:Z <U% Z:* _S<Z<EB? @*Z:E& <B_E?_<B7 @<B<@<cZ<EB E0 Z:* <S<!:?*Z <BZ*7S? E_*S Z:* &E@<BK Z <U `ESZ: `:<?* BEZ<B7% :E`*_*S%
Z:Z ?Z:E^7: <S<!:?*ZRU GS<B!<G?* `U GGS*BZ?b 0ES@^?Z*& b S**B *0ES*
^UUR `ES>% Z:* 3SUZ U*S<E^U @Z:*@Z<!? *a<UZ*B!* GSEE0 0ES Z:* <S<!:?*Z GSE?*@ `U Z:* EB* &<U!^UU*& :*S*% `:<!: ^U*& 9K7!CO 27H#.C5 #?KH297 9' H0# *CDH 427!K
:* U*!EB& `*> GE<BZ E0 Z:* E_* S7^@*BZ <U EB* BEZ<!*& b ^UU :<@U*?0$ <U GEU<Z<_<Zb S7^@*BZ <U E0 U<@G?*.#96#HC2 BZ^S*$ <B!* L <U E^B&*& b Z:* &<@*Z*S E0 Z:* U^S0!*% Z:* GEU<Z<_* >*SB*? FRL <U E^B&*&
X <S S*?0;*]<'*BX X:X& :E^*]*R @SS@` * '<SXR<\X*'" %E]*R S\R0!*& X:* R*S\?X<B7 *]*R`^:*R* GES<X<]* GEX*BX<? ^<?? *& <B *]*R` GE<BX E0 X:*
S\R0!*& 7R*X*R X:B <07'*S<7BX*S X:* 7R*X*SX '<SXB!* *X^**B X^E GE<BXS E0 X:* S\R0!*% X:<S ]?\* <XS*?0 !E\?' * XX<B*' ` X:* GEX*BX<? EB?` <B B *B'GE<BX E0 X:* ?<B*7<0 X:* *BX<R* @SS ^S !EB!*BXRX*' <B X:* EX:*R *B'GE<BX& !S* ^:<!:
!BBEX GG*R :*R*& *!\S* ^* ^<?? EB?` !EBS<'*R !EBX<B\E\S '<SXR<\X<EB& ^:*R*
*]*R` S\R0!* *?*@*BX '9 !ERR*SGEB'S EB?` XE B <B3B<X*?` S@?? @SS +'9K :*
<BX*7R?
+'9& *_X*B'*' E]*R X:* ^:E?* S\R0!*& <S X:*R*0ER* <B B` !S* 7R*X*R
X:B
+'9ER & B' X:\S X:*R* @\SX B*!*SSR<?` * :E@E7*B*E\S ><B' E0 '<SXR<\X<EB 0ER ^:<!: X:X <BX*7R? :S @<B<@\@ ]?\*K
U 0SE@ *?E` b !EBUZBZ &*G*B&<B7 EB?b EB Z:* &E@<BK :* M^&SZ<! 0ES@
&*3B*& b Z:* <BZ*7S? EG*SZES <U Z:*S*0ES* U**B ZE * GEU<Z<_*% ^Z EB?b 0ES 79717#.H2L# &*BU<Z<*U >K _<B7 ZE S*UG*!Z Z:<U !EBUZS<BZ @>*U Z:* GSEE0 SZ:*S !E@G?<!Z*&$ B?b _S<Z<EBU <BU<&* Z:* GEU<Z<_* !EB* S* ??E`*&% `:<!:
@*BU Z:Z <B 7*B*S?% Z:* UE?^Z<EB E0 Z:* @<B<@<UZ<EB GSE?*@ UE?_*U EB?b B <BZ*7S?27#?K52HO% Z^SB<B7 <BZE B#?KH297 EB?b <B Z:EU* GE<BZU `:*S* Z:*
UE?^Z<EB <U UZS<!Z?b GEU<Z<_*K ^UU `S<Z*U H^UUR ES<7<B? *@G:U<U U ?`bUI$
[[K *S *<7*BZ?<!:* ^GZB*S_ &*S <@ []K SZ<>*? *BZ`<!>*?Z*B *;
`*<U0'^:S^B7 *S^:Z ^0 &*S _<&*Bc% @<Z `*?!:*S &<* a<UZ*Bc *<B*U
<B<@^@`*SZ:*U 0'^S ^B@<ZZ*?S *S>BBZ `<S&% UE?B7* @B U<!:
^0 &<* 7?*<!:SZ<7*B *SZ:*<?^B7*B *<B*S 7*7**B*B UU* *U!:S'B>ZK 'B&* &<* 7?*<!:* _<&*Bc ^!: E:B* &<*U* *U!:S'B>^B7 ZZZ% UE
`'^S&*B &<* &ESZ<7*B !:?'^UU* E:B* `*<Z*S*U c^ &*@ *U^?ZZ* 0'^:S*B%
!DD #D 55#65 M#77 720H #27# .5#20CH2.# !90 #27# K7.5#20CH2.#
#CH0#25K7. !#C .#.##7#7 DD# .2H '"KC M#50# .3 27 55#7 K74H#7 !#C 5"0# #27#7 97DH7H#7 #CH0 #C0"5H% <B&*@ &BB &<*
c`*<Z* *&<B7^B7 HSZK [FK I `*70'??ZK ??*<B & =*B* _<&*Bc _*S;
?ES*B 7*:Z% UE?& `<S &<* *U!:S'B>^B7 ^0 7?*<!:SZ<7* *SZ:*<?^B7*B 0??*B ?UU*B% UE U<B& `<S 7*B'EZ:<7Z% &*B UZS*B7*B *`*<U =*B*U `<!:Z<7;
UZ*B Zc*U ^BU*S*S 7Bc*B BZ*SU^!:^B7 ^0 *<B*@ *Z`U >'^BUZ?<!:*SB
*7* c^ U^!:*BK
:^U ^UU 3B&U <Z &*U<S?* ZE GSE_* Z:* GEU<Z<_<Zb E0 Z:* M^&SZ<! 0ES@ 0ES BEZ B*!*UUS<?b BEB;B*7Z<_* @UU &<UZS<^Z<EBUK :<U `E^?& :_* 7<_*B BEZ EB?b @^!: U<@G?*S GSEE0% ^Z *_*B @^!: B<!*S Z:*ES*@K
:* ZS^?b E&& EU*S_Z<EB <U BE` Z:Z ^UU !E^?& *U<?b :_* GSE_*& Z:<U 7*B*S? GEU<Z<_<Zb :<@U*?0 b U<@G?b !E@<B<B7 Z:* =^@G S*?Z<EBU B& Z:*
<BZ*7SZ<EB b GSZU 0ES@^? !<Z*& E_*K ES !E@G?*Z*B*UU E0 Z:<U !?<@% :*S*
S* ^UUR ES<7<B? 0ES@^?Z<EBU E0 Z:*U* ?*@@U$
*B& E0 F4K B >BB &<*U*B `<!:Z<7*B Zc ^!: UE ^U&S'^!>*B$
&*S S*Bc`*SZ: _EB !% *< ^B*B&?<!: B*:@*B&*@ GEU<Z<_*B Z
<UZ !3 3]I83% *< ^B*B&?<!: B*:@*B&*@ B*7Z<_*B Z :<B7*7*B
!3L ]I83% E&*S! 'B&*SZ U<!: c`*<@? UGS^B7U`*<U* ^@3]I83% <B;
&*@ Z^U *<B*@ B*7Z<_*B *SZ:* <B *<B*B GEU<Z<_*B '^*S7*:Z% &U
YYK :* !X\? @<B B*R]* E0 X:* ?<B* E0 GREE0 '*]*?EG*' <B Y[ R*SXS EB X:*
S*?0;*]<'*B!* ^<X: ^:<!: X:* *_<SX*B!* E0 @<B<@\@ ]?\* 0ER<S G*R!*<]*' <@@*;
'<X*?`& S ?EB7 S EB* R*SXR<!XS EB*S*?0 XE X:* :E@E7*B*E\S '<SXR<\X<EBS E0 7<]*B
@SSK 0 X:* S@* S*?0;*]<'*B!* :*?' ^<X:E\X X:<S R*SXR<!X<EB& X:* E]* R7\@*BXS
^E\?' ?*' <@@*'<X*?` XE X:* R*S\?X !! ! $% ! "
! ! ! " !"! ! # $ .
! ! ! " !! #"& <B X:X X:* S*!EB' !EB'<X<EB HYFK I !B X:*B * E@<XX*'K E^*]*R& S<B!* X:<S S*?0;*]<'*B!* <S ?ESX S SEEB S ^*
'REG X:* R*SXR<!X<EB XE :E@E7*B*E\S '<SXR<\X<EBS& ^* R* 0ER!*' XE S*R!: 0ER X:*
SXR<!X GREE0 E0 X:<S @ESX <@GERXBX X:*ER*@ E0 E\R ^:E?* <B]*SX<7X<EB <B SE@*^:X RX<3!<? ^`K
E@* <SXER<!? *@R>S EB X:* ES<X<]<X` E0 E\B'R` BX*7R? G*RXERS
+ K ESX*?
*SUZ*@?% <B&*@Z&*B *SZ: d *SS*<!:Z% ^B& &U c`*<Z*@?% <B&*@ *U
<:B '^*SU!:S*<Z*ZK*
*S* ^UU ^U*U !EES&<BZ*U `:*S* Z:* BES@? Z GE<BZ EB Z:* U^S0!* !E;
<B!<&*U `<Z: Z:* Z a<U B& ! . 9!L `:*S* UZB&U 0ES Z:* U<B7?* ?b*S GEZ*BZ<? `<Z: &*BU<Zb 8$ . * ,B
? `<Z: Z:* U^S0!* *?*@*BZ &O B& Z:*
&<UZB!*L*Z`**B EU*S_Z<EB GE<BZ B& GE<BZ E0 <BZ*7SZ<EBK
]6K U <UZ
) *
*D&O.3 )
KK&
`*BB &U *SUZ* BZ*7S? '^*S &<* 7Bc* ?'!:*% &U c`*<Z* &^S!: &*B 7Bc*B ^@ ^U7*&*:BZ `<S&K)
*S* ^UU &*BEZ*U b K Z:* 7S&<*BZ E0 Z:* GEZ*BZ<? % b Z:* <BZ*S<ES
&E@<B% B& !!8 <U Z:* <BZ*S<ES BES@? &*S<_Z<_*K
* U** Z:Z :* !E^?& :_* &&*& Z:* 0ES@^?U 0SE@ *:SUZc ]6 0ES Z:*
<BZ*S<ES &E@<B B& Z:* !ESS*UGEB&<B7 EB* 0ES Z:* *aZ*S<ES &E@<B <B ES&*S ZE 7*Z `<Z: :*ES*@ F4 H<B `:Z `E^?& :_* **B :<U 0ES@^?Z<EBV :* &<&BRZ
`S<Z* Z:<U% E0 !E^SU*I )
>&O. F 6I
)
KK& 3d
`:*S* Z:* U*!EB& <BZ*7S? <U *aZ*B&*& E_*S Z:* `:E?* UG!*K :<U 7<_*U GEU<;
Z<_<Zb 0ES Bb>% GEU<Z<_* ES B*7Z<_*K Z <U ?UE G:bU<!??b <BZ^<Z<_* H<B *?*!ZSE;
ES @7B*ZEUZZ<! Z*S@U Z:Z `*S* 0@<?<S ZE ^UUI% UZZ<B7 *M^?<Zb *Z`**B Z:* GEZ*BZ<? *B*S7b UZES*& <B Z:* U^S0!* B& Z:* ZEZ? *B*S7b E0 Z:* 3*?&K
* !B EB?b UG*!^?Z* `:b ^UU &<&BRZ `S<Z* Z:<UK Z <U ?UE UZSB7*
Z:Z Z:<U S*U^?Z E^Z Z:* GEU<Z<_<Zb E0 Z:* M^&SZ<! 0ES@ &*3B*& b Z:* FRL
>*SB*?% `:<!: `U% U `* :_* U**B% 0ES@^?Z*& U ^U*0^? B& BEB;ZS<_<? EG*B GSE?*@ <B EB* E0 Z:* @EUZ 0@E^U B& `<&*?b UZ^&<*& GG*SU E0 <ZU Z<@*% &<&
GGS*BZ?b BEZ *!E@* Z:* E=*!Z E0 U*S<E^U UZ^&b 0ES ?EB7 Z<@*K :* S*UEB
!BBEZ * Z:Z Z:* U<@G?* S7^@*BZ E0 &&<B7 Z:* <BZ*S<ES B& *aZ*S<ES S**B 0ES@^?U &<& BEZ E!!^S ZE BbEB*K U B *a@G?*% :*S* <U M^EZ* 0SE@ GG*S []% GK]FX b K Z*>?E_% `S<ZZ*B FCdd <B Z:* `>* E0 E<B!S*RU GG*S ]C K
EUEBU
. F 6I
)
L &O )
*B' E0 F4K B* !B *_GR*SS X:<S <@GERXBX X:*ER*@ ?SE S 0E??E^S% :* ?<@<X E0 0ER <B3B<X*?` '*!R*S<B7 GES<X<]*?<S[4)& ^:*R*S 0ER <B3B<X*?` '*!R*S<B7 B*7X<]* ? <X <S L [4)& ER =\@GS X^<!* ` [4) ^:*B ? GSS*S 0RE@
B*7X<]* ]?\* XE GES<X<]* EB*& X:* 3RSX X<@* ^:*B?R*!:*S X:* ]?\* b& B' X:*
S*!EB' X<@* ^:*B <X 7E*S *`EB' <XK
[6K :*R* :E?'S 0ER@\? E@<XX*' ^:*R* X:* 3RSX <BX*7R? <S *_;
X*B'*' E]*R X:* ^:E?* S\R0!*& X:* S*!EB' EB* E]*R X:* ^:E?* SG!*K
C
?R<BZ*7S?* *ZBZ *Z*B&^* 9 ? U^S0!* HI ZE^Z *BZ<9*S*K BU ?*U U^G;
GEU<Z<EBU 0<Z*U GS SGGESZ 9 HI BE^U GE^_EBU *@G?Eb*S ?* Z:*ES9*@*
!EBB^ &* S**B M^< BE^U &EBB*
) = HE
EZI.&UL) = HE
EZI.&U . )
HE* E@3E$
E@I&O. )
&O 3dF Z*>?E_ Z:*B ^U*U Z:<U ZE GSE_* Z:Z 0ES :S@EB<! 0^B!Z<EB Z:* . BES@
EB Z:* E^B&Sb <U E^B&*& b Z:* &<@*Z*S E0 Z:* E^B&Sb Z<@*U Z:*
U*@<BES@ EB Z:* &E@<BK ^Z :* &E*UBRZ UZZ* Z:<U GEU<Z<_<Zb U B <BZ*S*UZ<B7 S*U^?Z <B <ZU*?0K
B FC[4% ZZE SEUZ@B + 3B??b 0ES@^?Z*& Z:* GEU<Z<_<Zb E0 Z:<U M^&;
SZ<! 0ES@ U Z:*ES*@ <B ES&*S ZE !E@G?*Z* ^UUR GSEE0K ^Z :* !EBU<&*SU Z:* S7^@*BZ ^U<B7 S**BRU 0ES@^? U *Ub ZE U**% ^Z ZEE S*UZS<!Z<_* HGK ]6$ O< ?* GEZ*BZ<*? HB*`ZEB<*BI &*U &*S<_**U !EBZ<B^*U% !*? S*U^?Z* &*=9 &*U 0ES@^?*U &* S**B *Z &* ^UUV *B *1*Z EB &*@EBZS* 0!<?*@*BZK K K PIK * Z:*B 7<_*U BEZ:*S GSEE0 ^U<B7 Z:* !E@GEU<Z<EB GSEG*SZb E0 <*Uc GEZ*BZ<?U EB Z:*
`:E?* UG!* `:<!: U:E`U Z:Z Z:* !EB_E?^Z<EB `<Z: FRL EB , <U !EBUZBZ Z<@*U Z:* UM^S* E0 Z:* !EB_E?^Z<EB `<Z: FRL.K :<U S7^@*BZ H`:<!: !B
*U<?b * _*S<3*& b Z><B7 E^S<*S ZSBU0ES@UI <U 7*B*S?<c*& b SEUZ@B ZE EZ:*S >*SB*?U E0 Z:* 0ES@ FRL`<Z:$ 3dK ES Z:*U* >*SB*?U% :* Z:*B GS*U*BZU
^UUR !E@G?<!Z*& GSEE0 <B Z:* 0S@*`ES> E0 GEU<Z<_* @*U^S*U ^U<B7 Z:*
@a<@^@ GS<B!<G?* U GS<B!<G? ZEE?K
:*% <B E^S _<*`% U<@G?*S B& @ES* 7*B*S? H*!^U* <Z GG?<*U ZE EZ:*S
*M^Z<EBU E0 @Z:*@Z<!? G:bU<!U *U<&*U Z:* G?!* *M^Z<EBI GSEE0 ^U<B7 Z:* *B*S7b <&*BZ<Zb `U BEZ 7<_*B *0ES* BEZ:*S [+ b*SU% <B FCW[ b *&*?*!
B& ?B!:S& ]X K
:* &<1*S*B!* *Z`**B Z:* Z`E !E@G?*Z<EBU Z:Z :_* ZE * G*S0ES@*&
<B ES&*S ZE !E@G?*Z* ^UUR @<B<@<cZ<EB S7^@*BZ <U Z:Z EB EB* :B&%
U SEUZ@B U:E`*&% GEU<Z<_* @*U^S*U S* !E@G?*Z* <B Z:* *B*S7b BES@K :^U <B Z:* `*??;^B&*SUZEE& 0S@*`ES> E0 GEU<Z<_* H&EBI @*U^S*U% Z:*
<B3@^@ <U <B&**& @<B<@^@K B* &E*UBRZ *_*B :_* ZE >BE` *a!Z?b `:Z Z:*
3B<Z*B*UU E0 *B*S7b @*BU 0ES Z:EU* @*U^S*U H@ES* E^Z Z:<U GE<BZ *?E`IV EB* !B _*Sb `*?? @<B<@<c* !E*S!<_* ?E`*S U*@<;!EBZ<B^E^U 0^B!Z<EB? Z:Z <U BEZ *_*Sb`:*S* 3B<Z*K B Z:* EZ:*S :B&% U *&*?*! B& ?B!:S& BEZ<!*&%
Z:* UG!* EZ<B*& b !E@G?*Z<EB E0 `:E?* _*!ZES UG!* HB& BEZ EB?b Z:*
GEU<Z<_* !EB*I <B Z:* *B*S7b BES@ <U Z:* EE?*_ UG!* D.`:<!: <U UG!*
BEZ E0 0^B!Z<EBU ES @*U^S*U% ^Z E0 &<UZS<^Z<EBUK
:^U% `:*S*U Z:* *1ESZU E0 <?*SZ B& EZ:*SU ZE !E@G?*Z* Z:* GSEE0 E0
<S<!:?*ZRU GS<B!<G?* ?*& ZE Z:* <BZSE&^!Z<EB E0 Z:* 0^B!Z<EB UG!*U E0 *GGE
*X 0ER@\? E@<XX*' & X:* <BX*7R? *<B7 *_X*B'*' E]*R X:* *BX<R* S\R0!* HIK
<X: E\R SS\@GX<EBS EB HI ^* !B GG?` X:* >BE^B X:*ER*@ E0 R**B ^:<!: 7<]*S
\S 0ER@\? E@<XX*' K
0 X:* H*^XEB<BI GEX*BX<? :S !EBX<B\E\S '*R<]X<]*S& X:<S 0E??E^S ?R*'`
0RE@ X:* 0ER@\?S E0 R**B B' \SST <B'**' EB* S:E^S *S<?`K K K
E@* <SXER<!? *@R>S EB X:* ES<X<]<X` E0 E\B'R` BX*7R? G*RXERS
Fb K ESX*?
*_< B& EE?*_ ?S*&b <B Z:* *7<BB<B7 E0 Z:* ]dZ: !*BZ^Sb H!S^&*?b UZZ*&$
<U U^UG!* E0.% Z:*S*0ES* UG!* E0 0^B!Z<EBU% EB!* **U7^*RU BEZ<EB E0 0^B!Z<EB <U &EGZ*&I% Z:* *B*S7b UG!* B**&*& 0ES ^UUR E^B&Sb <BZ*7S?
0ES@ E0 Z:* <S<!:?*Z GS<B!<G?* !E^?& EB?b * !EBUZS^!Z*& 0Z*S Z:* <BZSE&^!Z<EB E0 !:`SZcR &<UZS<^Z<EBU B& EE?*_ UG!*U E0 0S!Z<EB? B& B*7Z<_* <B&*aK :*S* <U 7?<@GU* E0 Z:<U &<2!^?Zb <B *BS< SZBRU `ES>U <B FC6F B&
FC64$ B ] :* GS*U*BZU GSEE0 E0 SEUZ@BRU Z:*ES*@ EB Z:* !E@G?*Z*B*UU E0 GEU<Z<_* @*U^S*U E0 3B<Z* *B*S7b H<B 0!Z 7S*Z?b 7*B*S?<c*& _*SU<EB Z:*S*E0I% ^Z E0 Z:* M^*UZ<EB E0 !E@G?*Z*B*UU E055 U<7B*& @*U^S*U E0 3B<Z*
*B*S7b% :* UbU HGKCdI OR*UZ G*^ GSE?*KP 3K B Z:* GG*S [ :* 7<_*U
!E^BZ*S*a@G?* HGK+WI U:E`<B7 Z:Z <Z <U% <B&**&% BEZ !E@G?*Z*K
B _E<Z M^R*B O!E@G?*ZBZP ?R*UG!* GE^S !*ZZ* BES@*% EB E;
Z<*B&S<Z ^B *UG!* &* <?*SZK B _*S<3* UBU G*<B* M^* ?^<;@#*@*
7B#DH ;D 96;5#H <=K
^Z :* &E*U BEZ `BZ ZE M^<Z Z:* 0S@*`ES> E0 @*U^S*U H`:<!: :* ?UE !??U O&<UZS<^Z<EBUPI ZE <B_*UZ<7Z* Z:* BZ^S* E0 Z:<U <?*SZ UG!*K
E^?& <Z * Z:Z ^UU ?S*&b :& UE@* <BZ^<Z<EB E^Z Z:* &<1*S*BZ BZ^S* E0 Z:* @<B<@<c<B7 E=*!ZU Z:Z `E^?& GG*S `:*B Z:* !EB&<Z<EB E0 BEB;B*7Z<_<Zb `U &SEGG*&N * !B EB?b UG*!^?Z*K
E 3B<U: Z:<U GS7SG:% :*S* <U BEZ:*S :<UZES<! !^S<EU<Zb S*?Z*& ZE @*;
U^S*U B& Z:*<S *B*S7b$ U <U `*??;>BE`B <B Z:* Z:*ESb E0 Z:* ?E7S<Z:@<! U<B7?*
?b*S GEZ*BZ<? <BZ*7S? *M^Z<EB <B Z`E &<@*BU<EBU% Z:* GEU<Z<_<Zb <U ZS^* Z:*S*
EB?b ^B&*S B &&<Z<EB? !EB&<Z<EB EB Z:* E^B&Sb$ ZU !G!<Zb :U ZE *
?*UU Z:B EB*K Z <U ?UE !?UU<!? S*U^?Z Z:Z Z:* ?E7S<Z:@<! !G!<Zb E0
!E@G!Z U*Z <B.<U <&*BZ<!? ZE <ZU ZSBU3B<Z* &<@*Z*S B& ?UE ZE <ZU *aZ*S<ES
!EB0ES@? S&<^U HEZ:*S B@*U S* :*bU:*_ !EBUZBZ ES E<B !EBUZBZIK :<U `U `*?? >BE`B ZE SEUZ@B <B FC[4% B& Z:* <&*BZ<Zb E0 ZSBU3B<Z* &<;
@*Z*S B& *aZ*S<ES @GG<B7 S&<^U 0ES S*7^?S U*ZU `U ?S*&b GSE_*& b c*7'E <B FC]6 [C K E` Z:* UZB&S& S*0*S*B!* HB& Z:* EB?b _<??* S*0*S;
*B!* <B EE> 0ES@% U 0S U !B Z*??I 0ES !E@G?*Z* GSEE0 E0 Z:<U *M^<_?*B!*
S*U^?Z <U Z:* EE> FW b <BS <??*K <??* 7<_*U &*Z<?*& GSEE0 E0 ?? Z:*
*M^<_?*B!*U% <B GSZ<!^?S H:*ES*@ FXK6K6 GK]+6I GSEE0 E0 Z:* *M^?<Zb E0 ZSBU3B<Z* &<@*Z*S B& ?E7S<Z:@<! !G!<Zb b !EBUZS^!Z<B7 @<B<@<c<B7
@*U^S*K * 7*ZU Z:<U @*U^S* U ?<@<Z E0 GE<BZ @*U^S*U U^GGESZ*& b Z:*
*>*Z* GE<BZUK :<U <U ?UE ESE??Sb F HGK ]+4I$
ESE??Sb FK :* *M^<?<S<^@ &<UZS<^Z<EBAHOI E0 <U Z:* `*> ?<@<Z E0 Z:* U*M^*B!* E0 GE<BZ &<UZS<^Z<EBU?4HI UUE!<Z*& `<Z: Z:* c*SEU E0 Z:* *>*Z* GE?bBE@<?U4H]VIK
B0ESZ^BZ*?b% <B Z:* GSEE0 <Z <U ^U*& Z:Z Z:* *B*S7b E0?4 <U 3B<Z* HB& !B
*_*B * 7<_*B b U<@G?* 0ES@^?I% `:<!: <U BEZ Z:* !U* HE<BZ @*U^S*U S*
:<S <S BEX ]*R` ?<>*?`K
B* S**S X:X ` O!E@G?*X<B7P X:* SG!* <B X:<S BER@& EB* ^E\?' EX<B
<?*RX SG!*K B* ]*R<3*S ^<X: *S* X:X <XS*?0 ! !K
FF BEZ <B D.IK :^U Z:* UZB&S& S*0*S*B!* 0ES Z:<U U<! HB& `*??;>BE`B ZS^*I S*U^?Z :U :E?* Z:Z @<7:Z UZ<?? * EG*B 0Z*S @ES* Z:B 6d b*SU/
7 *$(2 ( 6" *9& =2 *6(6$&
0Z*S ^UUR `ES> EB Z:* 3SUZ ><B& <BZ*7S? *M^Z<EB E0 Z:* U<B7?* ?b*S GEZ*B;
Z<?% Z:* B*aZ @=ES GSE7S*UU !@* `<Z: S? *^@BBRU `ES> EB Z:* &E^?*
?b*S GEZ*BZ<?K 0 :<U B^@*SE^U G^?<!Z<EBU EB Z:* U^=*!Z E0 :<U O*Z:E&*
&*U S<Z:@*Z<U!:*B <ZZ*?UP% `* !<Z* Z:* EE> ]W 0SE@ F+WW `:<!: <U _<??*
EB?<B* 0SE@ Z:* ??<! GSE=*!Z E0 Z:* K
ES !EB_*a &E@<BU% *^@BB GSE_*U Z:* !EB_*S7*B!* E0 Z:* @*Z:E& E0
<Z*SZ<EBU `:<!: ?*&U ZE Z:* UE?^Z<EB E0 Z:* U*!EB& ><B& <BZ*7S? *M^Z<EB b Z:* *^@BB U*S<*UK :* ZEE? :*S* <U BEZ GEU<Z<_<Zb% ^Z Z:* !EBZS!Z<EB GSEG*SZb E0 Z:* <BZ*7S? EG*SZES <B Z:* @a<@^@ BES@K EU<Z<_<Zb !E@*U <B Z:SE^7: Z:* !EB_*a<Zb E0 Z:* &E@<B `:<!: @*BU Z:Z Z:* @*U^S* &*3B*&
b Z:* &E^?* ?b*S >*SB*?
&VLH\I . F 6I
@H\I8H\3ZI
Z3\, &OH\I HFI
<U GEU<Z<_* @*U^S* E0 ZEZ? @UU FK :* <&* Z:Z <BZ*7SZ<EB 7<BUZ U^!:
@*U^S* U:E^?& UE@*:E` ?*_*? 0^B!Z<EBU E^Z B& @>* <Z*SZ<EBU !EB_*S7* ZE
!EBUZBZ 0^B!Z<EB U**@U ZE :_* **B <BZ^<Z<_* ZE G:bU<!<UZU *0ES* *^@BBK B GG*S 0SE@ F+4X% M^EZ*& <B <ZU *BZ<S*Zb b *^@BB <B :<U EE> H:GZ*S XI% Z:* G:bU<!<UZ **S ^U*& B <Z*SZ<_* @*Z:E& 0ES Z:* U*!EB& ><B& <BZ*7S?
*M^Z<EB E0 Z:* BES@? &*S<_Z<_* E0 Z:* U<B7?* ?b*S GEZ*BZ<? HZ:* &=E<BZ
*M^Z<EB ZE *^@BBRUIK * 0ES@^?Z*U
*< ?*^!:Z*Z *<B% &UU - `*?!:*U <BB*S:? Q c`<U!:*B &*@
7S'E8Z*B ^B& >?*<BUZ*B *SZ:* ?<*7Z% &*B &<* ^B>Z<EB^0 &*S ?'!:*
QU*?UZ BB<@@Z - <@ ??7*@*<B*B.5#20'"9C62.#C ?U _*S?'^0ZK . B 0EEZBEZ*% *^@BB S*@S>U Z:Z **S &E*U BEZ E1*S Bb GSEE0% B&
Z:Z Z:* !?<@ <U BEZ ZS^*% <B 7*B*S?% ^B?*UU Z:* @*U^S* @*BZ<EB*& E_* <U GEU<Z<_*% Z:Z <U% ^B?*UU Z:* &E@<B <U !EB_*aK
*^@BBRU GSEE0 E0 :<U S*U^?Z HB& U !ESE??Sb ?UE E0 **SRU S*U^?ZI ^U*U :<7:?b BEB;ZS<_<? 7*E@*ZS<! B& @*U^S*;Z:*ES*Z<! S7^@*BZU Z:Z !EBUZ<Z^Z*
EB* E0 Z:* *S?b *a@G?*U E0 O:S&P B?bU<U <B GEZ*BZ<? Z:*ESbK U !EB;
U*M^*B!*% U^U*M^*BZ 7*B*S?<cZ<EBU E0 :<U Z*!:B<M^*U `*S* !EB3B*& ZE :S&
:S@EB<! B?bU<U% ZEE% U** ]6 B& ]4 0ES E_*S_<*`UK
*^@BBRU @*Z:E& E0 Z:* S<Z:@*Z<! @*B *!@* 0@E^U% *!^U* <Z
`U Z Z:* Z<@*% *U<&*U !:`ScR ?Z*SBZ<B7 @*Z:E& B& E<B!S*RU ?;
b7* @*Z:E&% Z:* EB?b S<7ESE^U `b E0 GSE_<B7 *a<UZ*B!* 0ES Z:* <S<!:?*Z
*R* <X <S !?*R X:X- ^:<!:& <BS<'*:& ?<*S *X^**B X:* ?R7*SX B' S@??*SX ]?\* X:X X:* 0\B!X<EB X>*S EB X:* S\R0!* : <XS*?0 - *:]*S <B 7*B*R?
"% X:BK
E@* <SXER<!? *@R>S EB X:* ES<X<]<X` E0 E\B'R` BX*7R? G*RXERS
F[ K ESX*?
GSE?*@ B& 0ES ?? Z:* <@GESZBZ Z:*ES*@U U*& EB <Z ?<>* Z:* <*@BB
@GG<B7 Z:*ES*@K B &&<Z<EB% <Z ?EE>*& ?<>* <Z `U U<@G?*S ZE GG?b B& @ES*
!EBUZS^!Z<_* Z:B Z:* EZ:*S Z`E @*Z:E&UK ^Z Z:* S*UZS<!Z<_* UU^@GZ<EB E0
!EB_*a<Zb E0 Z:* &E@<B `U @Z:*@Z<!? !:??*B7*% B& <B F+C4 *BS<
E<B!S* G^?<U:*& GG*S ]C E^Z *^@BBRU @*Z:E& `:<!: <BZSE&^!*&
M^<Z* &<1*S*BZ S7^@*BZ 0ES GSE_<B7 Z:* !EBZS!Z<_<Zb Z:Z &<& BEZ B**&
!EB_*a<Zb E0 Z:* &E@<BK :* B*` @*Z:E& `U U*& EB GEU<Z<_<Zb B& *B*S7b
<&*BZ<Z<*UK
B Z:<U GG*S% E<B!S* GS*U*BZU B UZEB<U:<B7 !E??*!Z<EB E0 Z*!:B<M^*U Z:Z `*S* B*` Z Z:* Z<@* B& Z:Z @&* Z:* GG*S 0@E^U% Z ?*UZ 0ES UE@* b*SUK E<B!S* ^U*& Z:<U @*Z:E& EB?b <B EB* 0^SZ:*S `ES> [d % U@??
GG*S EB 7*B*S?<cZ<EBU ZE *?UZ<!<Zb Z:*ESb `:<!: :* :<@U*?0 !:S!Z*S<c*U U
<B!E@G?*Z*K ^Z EZ:*SU !EBZ<B^*& B& &*_*?EG*& :<U <&*U <B _S<E^U &<1*S*BZ
&<S*!Z<EBU% <B GSZ<!^?S SZ:^S ESB FC% ]F% ]]% ][ % ?&<@<S Z*>?E_ []%
[[% [X% [W% [+ B& ZB<U?` S*@ 6F% 6]% 6[ K ESB B& Z*>?E_ 0ES UE@*
Z<@* *B77*& <B ><B& E0 S!* [6% ]d% [4 K *S* <U M^EZ* 0SE@ ]d HE^S S*0*S*B!* B^@*SUI$
BU ^B* BEZ* [6 DKC 5 6#H09!# !# #K677 #H 5# ;C95/#6# !#
2C205#H% K K Z*>?E1 *UZ SS<_* 9 ^B* &*@EBUZSZ<EB &* ? @*Z:E&*
&* ? @Eb*BB* S<Z:@*Z<M^* &* K *^@BB% M^< *UZ 9 G*^ GS9*U ?
@#*@* M^* !*??* M^* =R< G^?<** <? b ^B B &BU @EB E^SU U^S
? Z:*ES<* &^ GEZ*BZ<*? FC K &*@EBUZSZ<EB% !E@@* !*??* &* K Z*>?E1% GE^S U* ?* *@E<S* <B7*B<*^a ]C &* K E<B!S*% *Z BE^U _EBU *?<@<B* ZE^U ?*U &*^a &* ? @#*@* @B<9*S* ? S*UZS<!Z<EB &* K E<B!S*% M^* ?R*a<UZ*B!* &R^B* UE?^Z<EB UE<Z GS*??*@*BZ *Z?<*K , :* O0EB!Z<EBU 0EB&@*BZ?*UP @*BZ<EB*& <B Z:* Z<Z?*U E0 UE@* E0 Z:*U* G;
G*SU% ?UE !??*& O^B<_*SU*??* ^B>Z<EB*BP b ESB% S* GEZ*BZ<?U 7*B*SZ*&
b *<7*B0^B!Z<EBU E0 *^@BBRU <BZ*7S? EG*SZES ES ?UE b <ZU &=E<BZ% UE@*;
Z<@*U ?UE Z:* *<7*B0^B!Z<EBU E0 `:Z <U >BE`B U Z*>?E_ *<7*B_?^* GSE?*@%
ES *<7*B0^B!Z<EBU E0 Z:* E<B!S*-Z*>?E_ EG*SZESK
:*U* GG*SU !EB!*BZSZ*& EB *<7*B0^B!Z<EB *aGBU<EBU B& *<7*B_?^* *U;
Z<@Z*U EZ<B*& b @<B;@a GS<B!<G?*U U UZ^&<*& b E<B!S* 0ES Z:* !U*
E0 Z:* *<7*B_?^* GSE?*@ 0ES Z:* G?!* EG*SZES `<Z: <S<!:?*Z E^B&Sb
!EB&<Z<EBU <B :<U *S?<*S <@GESZBZ GG*S ]+ K E GSE_* *a<UZ*B!* E0 Z:* *<7*B;
0^B!Z<EBU% S*7^?S<Zb E0 Z:* E^B&Sb :& ZE * UU^@*&% B& 0Z*S `ES>U b 'E?&*S B& bG^BE_% 'E?&*S !EBZ<B^E^U 0^B!Z<EBU EB bG^BE_ U^S0!*U
*!@* Z:* UZB&S& 0S@*`ES>K ^S<B7 Z:* U@* Z<@*% Z:* B*` GE`*S0^?
S*&:E?@ @*Z:E& 0ES ZS*Z<B7 <BZ*7S? *M^Z<EBU *!@* `<&*?b !!*GZ*&%
B BEX* Y6 " ! ! ! & R K X*>?E1
RR<]*' X GREE0 E0 R *\@BBQS @*X:E' E0 X:* R<X:@*X<! @*B ^:<!: <S @ER* ER
?*SS X:* S@* S X:* EB* X:X :]* G\?<S:*' `*R 7E <B @` E\RS* EB EX*BX<?
:*ER` FC K ` GREE0& S X:* EB* E0 R X*>?E1& <S S*' EB X:* <B7*B<E\S GG*R [C
` R E<B!R*& B' ^* :]* EX: *?<@<BX*' <B X:* S@* @BB*R X:* R*SXR<!X<EB E0 R E<B!R* X:X X:* *_<SX*B!* E0 SE?\X<EB S:E\?' * *SX?<S:*' *0ER*:B'K
FY B& <?*SZ G^?<U:*& :<U EE> EB <BZ*7S? *M^Z<EBU `:<!: :& Z:* @<;
Z<EB ZE U^U^@* ?? >BE`B S*U^?ZU E^Z <BZ*7S? *M^Z<EBUK <?*SZ B& :<U 7SE^G @&* <7 =^@GU 0ES`S& b <BZSE&^!<B7 Z:* <&* E0 0^B!Z<EB UG!*U B& BES@U B& &*_*?EG<B7 Z:* U<!U E0 @E&*SB 0^B!Z<EB? B?bU<U `<Z: Z:*
UG*!ZS? Z:*ESb E0 E^B&*& B& <B GSZ<!^?S !E@G!Z U*?0&=E<BZ EG*SZESU <B
<?*SZ UG!*UK
@*BZ<EB ?? Z:<U `*??;>BE`B :<UZESb U B *aG?BZ<EB 0ES Z:* !^S<E^U 0!Z Z:Z Z:* U<! <&* E0 E<B!S*RU GG*S EB *^@BBRU @*Z:E&% B@*?b ZE !EB;
U<&*S Z:* !EB_*S7*B!* E0 Z:* *^@BB U*S<*U <B Z:* *B*S7b BES@% &<UGG*S*&
GS*ZZb @^!: !E@G?*Z*?b 0SE@ Z:* &<U!^UU<EBK <U *UZ<@Z*U `*S* EB?b ^U*& 0ES
*UZ<@Z<B7 Z:* *<7*B_?^*U E0 Z:* E^B&Sb <BZ*7S? EG*SZESU !EBU<&*S*& U
!E@G!Z EG*SZESU !Z<B7 <B UG!*U E0 !EBZ<B^E^U ES 'E?&*S !EBZ<B^E^U 0^B!;
Z<EBU% B& Z:<U S*@<B*& Z:* UZB&S& 0ES ?EB7 Z<@*% U** 0ES *a@G?* ]4%
:@ F]% GK F66 K B* E0 Z:* @<B &_BZ7*U E0 E<B!S*RU @*Z:E&% B@*?b
<ZU *Ub GG?<!<?<Zb ZE EZ:*S *??<GZ<! GSE?*@U :_<B7 GEU<Z<_* *B*S7b% U^!:
U ?<B*S *?UZ<!<Zb% S*@<B*& GS*U*BZ% ^Z Z:* EZ:*S &_BZ7*% B@*?b Z:Z <Z U<!??b EB?b ^U*U S**BRU 0ES@^? B& <U Z:*S*0ES* _?<& 0ES 7*B*S? <GU!:<Zc
&E@<BU% U**@U ZE :_* **B 0ES7EZZ*BK
B?b _*Sb S*!*BZ?b U<@<?S GE<BZ E0 _<*` :U **B &EGZ*& <B Z:* GG*S b Z*<B!: B& *B&?B& [F `:*S* Z:* !EBZS!Z<EB GSEG*SZb E0 *^@BBRU EG*SZES <B BES@ S*?Z*& ZE Z:* *B*S7b BES@ `U GSE_*& 0ES Z:* 3SUZ Z<@*
0ES SZ:*S 7*B*S? GEU<Z<_* U*!EB& ES&*S *??<GZ<! UbUZ*@U EB <GU!:<Zc &E@<BUK E<B!S*RU E`B *UZ<@Z*U S* *<B7 S*_<U<Z*& B& &GZ*& ZE @E&*SB UZB&S& <B Z:* _*Sb S*!*BZ GG*S F+ `:<!: ZS*ZU Z:* U@* 0S@*`ES> U E<B!S* &<&% B@*?b Z`E; B& Z:S**;&<@*BU<EB? GEZ*BZ<? Z:*ESb EB U@EEZ:
&E@<BUK :* 0^?? GEZ*BZ<? E0 E<B!S*RU @<B <&* `:<!: *U<?b 7*B*S?<c*U ZE EZ:*S GEU<Z<_* *??<GZ<! EG*SZESU B& ZE &E@<BU `<Z: EB?b <GU!:<Zc !EBZ<B^E^U E^B&Sb% &E*U BEZ U**@ ZE :_* **B *aG?E<Z*& <B @E&*SB !EBZ*aZ b*ZK *
`<?? &*U!S<* UE@* E0 Z:<U <B Z:* B*aZ U*!Z<EBK
*S* <U Z:* U<! *UZ<@Z* 0SE@ ]C% :GZ*S ] <B BEZZ<EB U<@<?S ZE E<B!S*RU E`B BEZZ<EB$ ES E^B&*& &E@<B<B, ?*Z * 0^B!Z<EB :S@EB<! <B Z:* &E@<B B& <B Z:* *aZ*S<ES &E@<B .,% _B<U:<B7 Z
<B3B<ZbK ^BZ<Z<*U S*?Z*& ZE Z:* *aZ*S<ES &E@<B S* <B&<!Z*& b GS<@*K
*Z B& &*BEZ* Z:* <BZ*S<ES B& *aZ*S<ES <S<!:?*Z <BZ*7S?U E0 $ .
)
5 .&ZV . )
5 .&Z F
$66 :>0#C# 2D 97DH7H ?!#;#7!27. 975O 97 H0# !9627 DK0 H0H
<2= ' 2D !9K5# 5O#C ;9H#7H25 H0#7
0 ? 7! 0 ? F H]I
<22= ' 2D D27.5# 5O#C ;9H#7H25 H0#7 0 ? 7! 2'
)
9
&O. d) H0#7 0 ? F H[I
E@* <SXER<!? *@R>S EB X:* ES<X<]<X` E0 E\B'R` BX*7R? G*RXERS
F6 K ESX*?
*S* &E^?* B& U<B7?* ?b*S GEZ*BZ<?U S* &*3B*& b Z:*<S =^@G GSEG*SZ<*U$
<B7?* ?b*S GEZ*BZ<?U S* !EBZ<B^E^U !SEUU Z:* U^S0!*EB& :_* =^@G <B Z:*<S BES@? &*S<_Z<_*U% `:*S*U &E^?* ?b*S GEZ*BZ<?U :_* =^@G !SEUU Z:* U^S0!*% ^Z Z:*<S BES@? &*S<_Z<_*U 0SE@ Z:* <BZ*S<ES B& Z:* *aZ*S<ES
!E<B!<&*K :* &<1*S*B!* *Z`**B U<B7?* B& &E^?* ?b*S GEZ*BZ<?U <B Z:*
UZZ*@*BZ <U !^U*& b &<1*S*BZ *:_<ES E0 GEZ*BZ<?U `<Z: _B<U:<B7 <S<!:?*Z
<BZ*7S?U H!EBUZBZUI$ ES &E^?* ?b*S GEZ*BZ<?U% <0 <U !EBUZBZ <B Z:*
<BZ*S<ES &E@<B% <Z <U ?UE !EBUZBZ Hc*SEI <B Z:* *aZ*S<ES B& _<!* _*SU% UE Z:Z B& EZ: _B<U: <0 EB* E0 Z:*@ _B<U:*UK ES U<B7?* ?b*S GEZ*BZ<?U%
_B<U:<B7 <B Z:* *aZ*S<ES <@G?<*U _B<U:<B7 <B Z:* <BZ*S<ES% UE Z:Z . d
<@G?<*U. d% ZEE% ^Z Z:*S* *a<UZU Z:* BEB;ZS<_<? *M^<?<S<^@ &*BU<Zb HE<B
&*BU<ZbI `:<!: :U GEZ*BZ<? F <B Z:* <BZ*S<ES B& BEB;!EBUZBZ GEZ*BZ<? <B Z:*
*aZ*S<ES% UE Z:Z !B * E^B&*& b EB?b EB U^UG!* E0 !E&<@*BU<EB EB*K
B FCdd% Z*>?E_ []% GK]]6 % 0Z*S UZZ<B7 Z:* E_* *UZ<@Z* 0ES U<B7?*
?b*S GEZ*BZ<?U% 7*ZU M^<Z* *BZ:^U<UZ<! B& `S<Z*U H:<U *@G:U<UI$
E^U GG*??*SEBU !* Z:*ES9*@*H0#9C/#6# '97!6#7H5K K K K
E^U _*SSEBU &BU !* M^< _ U^<_S*% M^* 5 D95KH297 !# H9KD 5#D
;C95/#6#D '97!6#7HKN !# 5 0OD2?K# 6H0#6H2?K# D# C6/#7# / 5 !#697DHCH297 96;5/#H# !K H0#9C/#6# '97!6#7H5K
S<Z<B7 Z:<U <B b*S `:*B ?B!> <BZSE&^!*& :<U M^BZ^@ !EBUZBZ B&
E<B!S* `U ?S*&b `ES><B7 EB Z:* Z:*ESb E0 S*?Z<_<Zb U**@U% <B :<B&;
U<7:Z% U?<7:Z?b *a77*SZ*&% ^Z <Z ^B&*S?<B*U Z:* <@GESZB!* E0 Z:*U* *UZ<@Z*U 0ES GEZ*BZ<? Z:*ESb B& 0ES S*?Z*& @E&*?U E0 !?UU<!? @Z:*@Z<!? G:bU<!U
?<>* *?UZ<!<Zb% :*Z !EB&^!Z<EB% !E^UZ<!U% *?*!ZSEUZZ<!U B& *?*!ZSE&bB@<!U%
5^<& &bB@<!U B& UE EBK ^!: GG?<!Z<EBU `*S* UZ^&<*& b Z*>?E_% ESB%
S*@ B& EZ:*SU% `:E ?UE `ES>*& EB S*@E_<B7 UE@* E0 Z:* :bGEZ:*U*U E<B!S* :& ZE @>* <B ES&*S ZE GSE_* *@@ FK :*b GSE_*& Z:* ?*@@
*UU*BZ<??b 0ES S<ZSSb !EBB*!Z*& bG^BE_ H<K*K I U^S0!*UK
E<B!S* GSE_*& Z:* ?*@@ ^B&*S Z:* !EB&<Z<EB Z:Z Z:* &E@<B <U &<0;
0*E@ESG:<! ZE ?? H!Z^??b 0ES U<@G?b !EBB*!Z*& U@EEZ: E^B&SbV Z:*
M^*UZ<EB E0 Z:* *a<UZ*B!* E0 &<1*E@ESG:<U@ ZE Z:* ?? <U 3SUZ U<@G?* !U*
E0 Z:* 0@E^U E<B!S* !EB=*!Z^S*I% B& :* ^U*& Z:* &<1*E@ESG:<U@ ZE S*;
&^!* Z:* *UZ<@Z*U ZE Z:* !U* E0 ?? `:*S* :* !E^?& U:E` Z:*@ *aG?<!<Z?b b *aGBU<EB <B UG:*S<!? :S@EB<!UK
E`&bU% Z:* ?*@@ <U *Ub ZE GSE_* *_*B 0ES <GU!:<Zc U^S0!*U b BEZ<!;
<B7 Z:Z Z:* U*@<BES@ E0 :S@EB<! 0^B!Z<EB EB Z:* <BZ*S<ES ES *aZ*S<ES
&E@<B <U *M^<_?*BZ ZE EZ: Z:* D. U*@<BES@ E0 <ZU ZS!* B& Z:* D.
BES@ E0 <ZU BES@? &*S<_Z<_* EB Z:* E^B&SbK :<U *M^<_?*B!* <U U**B <@;
@*&<Z*?b <B EB* &<S*!Z<EB 0SE@ Z:* UZB&S& ZS!* Z:*ES*@ HUE@*Z<@*U !??*&
* S:?? !?? X:<S X:*ER*@ X:*"! !KK K K * S:?? S** <B X:* 0E?;
?E^<B7 X:X! "! ! "! !! %
" ! ! ! "! !K
F4 7?<S&ERU ZS!* Z:*ES*@ <B Z:* !U* E0 @*S*?b <GU!:<Zc !EBZ<B^E^U E^B&;
SbI G?^U E<B!S*RU <B*M^?<Zb HZ:* EB* *UZ<@Z<B7 Z:*. BES@ @E&^?E !EB;
UZBZU b Z:* U*@<BES@I B& Z:* `*> &*3B<Z<EB E0 Z:* BES@? &*S<_Z<_*%
B& <B Z:* EZ:*S &<S*!Z<EB 0SE@ Z:* _S<Z<EB? UE?^Z<EB E0 Z:* <S<!:?*Z B&
Z:* *^@BB GSE?*@UK ^Z EB* U:E^?& >**G <B @<B& Z:Z `<Z:E^Z Z:* <B;
ZSE&^!Z<EB E0 Z:* 0S!Z<EB? EE?*_ UG!* D.EB Z:* U^S0!*% `:<!: Z 3SUZ U**@U ?<>* E_*S><?? 0ES GSE_<B7 UZZ*@*BZ @*BZ<EB<B7 EB?b <S<!:?*Z <BZ*7S?U%
EB* :U BE `b E0 UZZ<B7 ES GSE_<B7 Z:Z Z:* ZS!* UG!*U 0SE@ Z:* *aZ*S<ES B& 0SE@ Z:* <BZ*S<ES S* Z:* U@*% `:<!: <U EB* E0 Z:* !S^!<? GE<BZU <B Z:<U S7^@*BZK B 0!Z% EB* !B !EBU<&*S E<B!S*RU GSE!*&^S* E0 ^U<B7 &<1*E;
@ESG:<U@ ZE Z:* UG:*S* B& *UZ<@Z<B7 Z:* !E*2!<*BZU E0 Z:* *aGBU<EB <B UG:*S<!? :S@EB<!U U B *S?b &*3B<Z<EB E0 Z:* UG!* D.% ?Z:E^7: Z:* <&*
E0 0^B!Z<EB UG!*U B& BES@U `U BEZ *aGS*UU*& <B Z:Z GG*SK
E<B!S* ^U*U Z:* *UZ<@Z*U <B *@@ F ZE GSE_* Z:* !EBZS!Z<EB GSEG*SZb E0 *^@BBRU EG*SZES <B Z:* *B*S7b BES@% B& `<Z: Z:<U Z:* !EB_*S7*B!*
E0 *^@BBRU U*S<*U UE?^Z<EB 0ES Z:* <S<!:?*Z GSE?*@ <B Z:* U@* BES@K * Z:*B U:E`U ZS!* *UZ<@Z*U% 3SUZ 0ES Z:* E^B&Sb. BES@ @E&^?E !EBUZBZU H:GZ*S 6I% B& Z:*B H:GZ*S 4I 0ES Z:*BES@ E0 Z:* &E^?* ?b*S EG*S;
ZES GG?<*& ZE Z:* ZS!* EB Z:* E^B&SbK :* ?ZZ*S *UZ<@Z* ^U*U &<2!^?Z 7*E@*ZS<! !EBUZS^!Z<EBU% <U BEZ b*Z EGZ<@?% B& <U U^U*M^*BZ?b 7*B*S?<c*& b Z:* E_*;@*BZ<EB*& ^Z:ESU B& EZ:*SU ?<>* **U7^*% ?*@*?= B& &EB%
EB* 0@E^U ?Z*S EU*S_Z<EB *<B7 Z:Z `:*S*U *^@BBRU EG*SZES <U BEZ
!EBZS!Z<EB <B Z:*BES@ `:*B Z:* &E@<B <U BEZ !EB_*a% Z:* UM^S* E0 Z:*
EG*SZES <U !EBZS!Z<EB% Z ?*UZ `:*B Z:* &E@<B <U U@EEZ:K B Bb !U*%
E<B!S* !E@G?*Z*U Z:* GSEE0 E0 Z:* ^B<0ES@ !EB_*S7*B!* <B Z:* `:E?* UG!*
E0 *^@BBRU U*S<*U 0ES 7*B*S? U@EEZ: &E@<BUK
*^@BBRU EG*SZES% U &*3B*& b *^@BB :<@U*?0 B& <B Z:* U@* `b b E<B!S*% <U Z:* @GG<B7 0SE@ Z:* &<1*S*B!* E0 Z:* E^B&Sb ZS!*U E0
&E^?* ?b*S GEZ*BZ<? ZE Z:* U^@ E0 Z:* ZS!*UK 0 `* &*BEZ* Z:* <BZ*S<ES B&
*aZ*S<ES ZS!*U E0 Z:* &E^?* ?b*S GEZ*BZ<? b B& % S*UG*!Z<_*?b%
Z:*B *^@BBRU EG*SZES @GU 3 ZE L % `:<!: !ESS*UGEB&U <B E^S BEZZ<EB E0 Z:* B*aZ U*!Z<EB *?E` ZE
. 3] F
:* GSE?*@ UZ^&<*& b E<B!S* H:<U *M^Z<EB HFII <U `S<ZZ*B BEZ U B <BZ*;
7S? *M^Z<EB% ^Z U ZSBU@<UU<EB GSE?*@ `<Z: GS@*Z*S;$
3 . ;H L I L ] F H6I
:* !:E<!* E0 ; . F !ESS*UGEB&U ZE Z:* *aZ*S<ES <S<!:?*Z GSE?*@% B&
;.3F ZE Z:* <BZ*S<ES <S<!:?*Z GSE?*@K E<B!S* GSE_*U !EB_*S7*B!* H@E&;
^?E !EBUZBZ 0^B!Z<EBUI E0 Z:* *^@BB U*S<*U UE?^Z<EB E0 H6I 0ES ;< 3$ 3 %
`:*S* ?<U Z:* !EBUZBZ 0SE@ *@@ FK
E@* <SXER<!? *@R>S EB X:* ES<X<]<X` E0 E\B'R` BX*7R? G*RXERS
FV K ESX*?
u ,£|¬|µc °]F¡¸ ¬cv¡F #c¡F¬¡£ F] ¬yc
µc¡vcVc n !c°F £ 2c¡|c£
B Z:<U U*!Z<EB `* `<?? 7<_* @E&*SB *aGS*UU<EB E0 E<B!S*RU <&* Z:Z Z:*
*UZ<@Z* H]I E0 *@@ F <@G?<*U Z:Z *^@BBRU EG*SZES <U !EBZS!Z<EBK
* UZSZ b B UZS!Z EU*S_Z<EB `:EU* U<@G?* GSEE0 `* ?*_* ZE Z:* S*&*SK E ZEE?U @ES* &_B!*& Z:B Z:* ^!:b;!:`Sc <B*M^?<Zb S* S*M^<S*& 0ES Z:* GSEE0K
$66 J>#H 7! # 9K7!#! D#5'!3927H 9;#CH9CD 97 25#CH D;#
! DH2D'O27. L . M0#C# 2D H0# 2!#7H2HO 9;#CH9C>
<2= ' 3 2D 97HCH297 H0#7 7! C# 97HCH297D M2H0 79C6D 9K7!#! O HF L 3 IR]> 0# 27L#CD# 7 # C#;C#D#7H#! 27 HM9
!2(#C#7H MOD O 97L#C.#7H #K677 D#C2#D
.
=
13
1 . ]
=
13
H3I1F H4I
<22= ' 2D ;9D2H2L# !#*72H# 7! ;9D2H2L# D#62!#*72H#
*$ 3d)*& +d $ AW'! $ HW) WI+$ W .V HW) WI+& W .) H0#7 2D 97HCH297 M2H0 79C6 0F3$> ' 27 !!2H297 & 3 d H0#7 3 2D 97HCH297 M2H0 79C6 3 0@a!F3]$)F3]&">
U<Z^Z<EB `:*S* Z:<U ?*@@ !B *U<?b * GG?<*& <U Z:* 0E??E`<B7$
$66 H>#H#7!%# DO66#HC2 2527#C '9C6D 97 L#H9C D;#!3> # DDK6# H0H# 7!%C# ;9D2H2L# D#62!#*72H# 7! H0H #2D 7971!#.#7#CH#
AW'!3 $ #HW) WI3d 2' W6. d V %HW) WI+dF
#H! # H0# 25#CH D;# 96;5#H297 9'!3 M2H0 C#D;#H H9 H0# 277#C ;C9!KH HW) XI . #HW) XI L%HW) XI
7! 5#H 7! # H0# 9;#CH9CD 97! !#*7#! O H0# 2527#C '9C6D#7!%>
' H0#C# #N2DHD? 3d DK0 H0H
AW'!3 $ %HW) WI 0 ? #HW) WI)
H0#77! DH2D'O H0# 0O;9H0#D2D 9' *@@ ] H<<IM2H0 $. 3$ >
7 ;CH2K5C 2D 97HCH297 M2H0 79C6 0 3$ 3 > ' 27 !!2H297 AW'!3 $ #HW) WI 0 ? %HW) WI)
H0#73 2D 97HCH297 M2H0 79C6 3 0 3 3$ >
FU EZ* Z:Z Z:* <*Uc S*GS*U*BZZ<EB Z:*ES*@ <@G?<*U Z:Z Z:* *a<UZ*B!* E0 B
*UZ<@Z* %0?#<U *M^<_?*BZ ZE Z:* GEU<Z<_* &*3B<Z*B*UU E0#EB Z:* <?*SZ UG!*!K
BEZ:*S S*@S> `:<!: <U *Ub ZE _*S<0b <U Z:Z Z:* BEB;&*7*B*S!b E0 #
?EB* <U U^2!<*BZ ZE U:E` Z:Z ??#2.#7L5K#DE03B& E0S* E0 UE?^Z*
_?^* UZS<!Z?b ?*UU Z:B FK B* &E*U BEZ B**& Z:* *UZ<@Z*%0?#0ES Z:<U% ^Z EB* ?UE &E*U BEZ 7*Z Z:* !EBZS!Z<_<Zb 0SE@ <ZK 0% :E`*_*S%3:U G^S*
GE<BZ UG*!ZS^@% 0ES *a@G?* <0 <Z <U !E@G!Z% Z:*B Z:* !EBZS!Z<_<Zb 0E??E`UK :<U @b GSE_<&* GSZ<? *aG?BZ<EB `:b E<B!S*RU @^Z^? *UZ<@Z*U E0 Z:* <BZ*S<ES B& *aZ*S<ES *B*S7<*U `*S* ?Z*S 0ES7EZZ*B$ 0 Z:* S*&:E?@;<*Uc Z:*ESb !B * GG?<*& U <U Z:* !U* 0ES *^@BBRU EG*SZES EB U@EEZ:
U^S0!*% Z:*B Z:*b S* BEZ B**&*&K :*b S* Z:*B% <B 0!Z% !EBU*M^*B!* E0 Z:* S*&:E?@ ?Z*SBZ<_*$ 0#<U GEU<Z<_* U*@<&*3B<Z* B& BEB;&*7*B*SZ* B&
Z:* !ESS*UGEB&<B7 EG*SZES<U S*&:E?@% Z:*B#<U GEU<Z<_* &*3B<Z*K B Z:* 0E??E`<B7% `* GS*U*BZ UE@* GG?<!Z<EBU E0 Z:*U* U<@G?* *UZ<@Z*UK B
?? !U*U% Z:* M^&SZ<! 0ES@U #B&%`<?? !ESS*UGEB& ZE Z:* *B*S7b <BZ*7S?U
<B Z:* *aZ*S<ES B& <BZ*S<ES &E@<BU% S*UG*!Z<_*?b% UE Z:Z Z:* <?*SZ UG!*!
`<?? * *B&E`*& `<Z: Z:* BES@ E0 Z:* ZEZ? *B*S7bK :<!: !EB!S*Z* E^B&Sb
<BZ*7S? EG*SZESU !ESS*UGEB& ZE Z:* UZS!Z EG*SZESU B& !B _Sb%
:E`*_*S% !!ES&<B7 ZE :E` Z:* UZS!Z _*!ZES UG!* !3 <U S*GS*U*BZ*& b
!EB!S*Z* 0^B!Z<EB UG!*K
* !:EEU* Z:* U@* 7*B*S? U<Z^Z<EB U !EBU<&*S*& <B Z:* GG*S [F b Z*<B!: B& *B&?B&K :<U !E_*SU UE@* E0 Z:* @EUZ <@GESZBZ GG?<!Z<EBU U^!: U GEZ*BZ<? Z:*ESb B& *?UZ<!<Zb Z:*ESb HU<!??b O*_*Sb 0^B&@*BZ?
GSE?*@ E0 @Z:*@Z<!? G:bU<!UP <B Z:* U*BU* E0 Z*>?E_ M^EZ*& E_*IK :* U@* <&*U 0ES GSE_<B7 Z:* !EBZS!Z<EB GSEG*SZb E0 U*!EB& ><B& E^B&;
Sb <BZ*7S? EG*SZESU !E^?& * GG?<*& ZE :<7:*S ES&*S UZSEB7?b *??<GZ<! GSZ<?
&<1*S*BZ<? EG*SZESU Z:Z :_* GEU<Z<_* *B*S7b 0ES@ <B Z:* 0S@*`ES> UZ^&;
<*& <B W % ES ZE EZ:*S U<Z^Z<EBU `:*S* GEU<Z<_<Zb E0 3SUZ ><B& <BZ*7S? EG*SZESU :U **B U:E`B b ^U<B7 S**BRU 0ES@^?U ?<>* 0ES GSE?<! GSE?*@U <B 4 K B Z:<U GG*S `* `<?? UZb `<Z:<B Z:* 0S@*`ES>
