Mental Health of Nurses Treating Patients - OER@UMS Home

Mental Health of Nurses Treating Patients with COVID-19 Infection in Asian Countries

( Malaysia )

PROFESSOR DR. HAMIDAH HASSAN

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SABAH (UMS) MALAYSIA

• Each year of every month of May is a Mental Health Awareness, that raises awareness about mental illness and educates the public about mental health.

• One in five (1:5) people will experience a mental illness during their lifetime because everyone faces challenges in life that can impact their mental health

• The goal is to fight stigma, provide support, educate the public, encourage research, and advocate for policies that support people with mental illness and their families. Erin Brown, MPP

May 15, 2020

Mental Health Awareness Week

.

10^th -16^th May 2021

The Coronavirus Pandemic

has swiped off almost every part of country in the world

Lora Jones BBC 4.3.2020

Global Coronavirus Cases. The updated world map of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus outbreak shows countries with number of confirmed COVID-19 cases (as of 17 April 2020). The actual number of cases is shown below.

In March 11, 2020

WHO has declared the COVID-19 outbreak is a global health emergency.

Cases 249M

Deaths 5.04M

Location Cases Deaths

United States 46.4M 754 K

India 34.3M 460K

Brazil 21.9M 609K

United Kingdom

9.24M 142K

Russia 8.57M 240K

Statistics : New cases and deaths

From Our World in Data · Last updated: 2 days ago (5^th. Nov 2021)

There are over 249 million confirmed cases of COVID- 19 and 5.04 M death across the globe and the entire world is buzzing with uncertainty and questions How long will the pandemic last? What will people’s lives look like once the pandemic is over ?

The Coronavirus is affecting the Whole World

-Global Impact-

Maria Cohut, Ph.D. on April 24, 2020— Fact checked by Paula Field. Medical News Today

The Global Impact Of Coronavirus On World Economy

• A difficult year for job seekers

• Many people have lost their jobs or seen their incomes cut.

• Unemployment rates have increased across major economies.

• Job vacancies still very low in many countries

• Most countries are now in recession

• Travel is far from taking off – commercial flight remain well below normal level

• Hospitality sectors have shut its door worldwide

• The global tourism industry is crumbling

• Huge drop in shoppers

• Pharmaceutical companies among the winners

Another Global Impact Of Coronavirus is on Mental Health Crisis / Disruption

United Nations experts have warned, with many people will be under severe psychological strain and distressed by the physical isolation, social distancing, fear of infection and dying or losing loved ones

^.

Josephine Ma 14.5.2020

One of the heartbreaking Tragedies of Covid 19 Fallout

One of the famous singers in Malaysia lost her life due to

Coronavirus. She had to undergo a Cesarean Section to bring out her baby into life and at the same time she was fighting against the

Covid- 19 until - her last breath

She left behind her 3 children aged between 5-9 years and A newborn baby.

The whole of Malaysian was devastated by her death.

Facing Mental Health Fallout

of Coronavirus

• We as humans are socially-deep creatures….

• even after the disruption comes to an end, history tells us that, the ghost of COVID-19 will stay with us for much longer.

• The repercussion of Mental Heath status on what is happening during this pandemic will bring a lot of problem for many many people today and beyond.

Dr Konstantinos Petsanis, 2020

We just wonder, how do these children of the late singer deal with their feelings of

extreme despondency, over the death and eternal disappearance

of their loved one.

,

The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that as of June 2020

• From March to July 2020 the proportion of participants at risk for clinical depression ranges from 46% to 61%, up to a 90%

increase in depression rates compared to the same population just prior to the pandemic.

• One-third of US adults were suffering from anxiety or depression. The rates are almost two times higher for young adults

• Over 60% of individuals age 18 to 24 years were estimated to be at risk for depression or anxiety

• A quarter reported considering suicide in the previous month.

Osea Giuntella, View ORCID ProfileKelly Hyde, View ORCID ProfileSilvia Saccardo, and Sally Sadoff. PNAS March 2, 2021 118 (9) e2016632118;https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2016632118

The unforeseen challenges caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has taken a

significant toll on people all across the world.

Suicide rising in Malaysia due to hardships amid Coronavirus Pandemic

• Malaysia is also experiencing an

incredible number of suicides compared to before.

• At least two suicide deaths occurred daily on average from 2019 to May 2020,

• It was recorded 468 suicides in the first five months of 2021

• The three main reasons for suicides, including troubled family relationships, emotional pressure and financial

constraints

Straits Times Times July 12, 2021, 4:09 PM

Talking about the overall of mental health status, we are also concerned about our HCWs who were constantly dealing with Covid-19 patients being in

the front liners ^.

What would be……

Timeline of Covid-19 affecting the Mental Health

Months after months and it has reached to a year, our HCWs had been since in the First Wave until the 4th Wave working in the high-stakes environment of COVID-19 pandemic .

This situation has certainly affected the mental health status and their well-being

Eight out of ten nurses responding to Nursing Standard Survey, their mental health had been affected by the pandemic.

While six in ten said their physical health was suffering.

LynnePearce, Nursing Standards, Jan 2021

A study by mhanational.Org/frontline in June-September 2020

N= 1,119 Results showed

1 Stressed out and stretched too thin

93% Health care workers were experiencing stress 83% Experiencing anxiety

77 % Frustration, exhausted and burnout and overwhelmed.

2 Worried about exposing loved ones

76% Worried about exposing their child to COVID-19,

50% Worried about exposing their spouse or partner and their older adult family member(s).

3 Emotionally and Physically exhausted

82 % Emotional exhaustion ( common answer)

67-70% Trouble with sleep & Physical exhaustion and Too tired work related Feel more tired compared to other healthcare workers

52% -57% Changes in appetite, headache or stomach-ache and higher exposure to COVID-19

Therefore, the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the emotional stress happened in every countries especially the frontliners, particularly healthcare workers and specifically the

Nurses

When Covid 19 hit the entire world, the whole globe experienced almost everything the same. What happened in Malaysia is also happening in Japan

because,

the cause of the incident was due to the same virus.

The only difference is the place or the location and the way we manage the situations.

• The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic had also led to significant emotional stress among the Malaysian frontliners, particularly the nurses.

• Numbers of them showed symptoms of extreme stress and burnout.

• This happens when nurses have to work with a commitment of over 100 per cent for a long period of time.

• This situation has resulted in physical and mental fatigue that disrupt their concentration and productivity in providing services to the community .

WHO, 7 April 2020 Joint News Release Kuala Lumpur

Despite the masks they wear, they also have sense of fear…. But they

determined ………

Our healthcare workers continue to devote their time and energy to contain the pandemic…… . They are actually worried people, like all of us, however, they have to bear their very presence at the expanse of the safety of others and the community.

Together, we will win this battle against COVID-19

Exploring Psychological Stress among Health Care Worker AMID Pandemic

COVID-19 in Malaysia

Abdul Rashid Abdul Aziz1 et.all @2021

The result revealed…

• Malaysia registered a total of 2.5M confirmed cases with infected coronavirus .

• As till this date (10

^th

Nov. 2021) it has 25,349 people lost their life due to the virus

• Malaysia was reported the leading list among Asian countries with highest prevalence of depression (14%), anxiety (14.9%) and PTSD (6.3%). This signifies tremendous strain on healthcare staff and services.

(Abdul Rashid Abdul Aziz1 et.all @2021).

IN MALAYSIA

THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE MENTAL HEALTH STATUS

OF HCWs……

“ WARINESS ”

• “I did not tell my parents that I was working in the Corona ward because they would worry, I only told my brother and my sister.”

• “I left my kids to my mom. My kids still small and my mother suffers from high blood pressure. What will happen if they become infected? I’m afraid of losing them”

• ‘I’m becoming a little obsessive. I constantly wash my hands and disinfect them.’ I’ll take a bath right away before going back. Now my obsession has increased even more.”

“ WORKING ENVIRONMENT”

• There are lacking in equipment and PPE especially. We need to protect our self too’. ‘I need to wear PPE for hours.

• It is so hot inside. I always feel dehydrated; I have frequent headache.

It is very discomfort

• There are too many patients in the ward, I cannot cope with this kind of situation. I feel so my effort is not worth, I feel so guilty when some of them die.

• Every morning, I don’t feel like going to work, I don’t want to do anything. My life is not meaningful anymore’

“ SOCIAL ISOLATION ”

• ‘I used to hang out together with my housemate after working hour.

We used to eat together, cook together and watching movie together at home. Now, my housemate tends to spend most of her time in her room. Worry that I might cause infection to her. ’

• ‘I cannot send my kids to Child care center. They don’t want to accept my kids because I am a frontliner. Other kids might get infection because of them ( my children) ’

How did the Malaysian Nurses

and Healthcare Workers

They Need

The Psychological Support

• We don’t know how to cope with current situation . . . I feel like consulting an expert, so it would be much better if there are psychologist or counsellor that can help us.

• We really need some sort of support, because we are

under a lot of pressure’.

They need

Sharing Thoughts, Expressing feelings of Work Related Stress

• ‘I feel so relieved after crying. I feel like all my problems are going away’ and I always make online phone call with my mom. I share everything with her. I feel calmer’

This aspect may seem trivial, but by making it easier for them

to contact their loved ones, will provide strength and peaceful

of mind for them to continue fighting against the virus.

They need

Resources and Managerial Supports

‘I’m so grateful that Malaysian Ministry of Health introduced a shift system. No more overcrowded situation in managing the patients in the Covid -19 wards

‘We received a lot of help from NGOs and other

community volunteer members. There is no more

problem with shortage of PPE and other equipment’.

They nurses need

Spiritual Practices : As Source of Comfort

Among Malaysian nurses they deemed the spiritual practices as an important value to cope with stressful work demand.

Nobody really understands the emotions and turmoil that they faced in dealing and treating

the Covid-19 patients. Only God Knows

What do we still have to learn after one year of COVID-19?

It is a lesson learned. We hope this is the last time a pandemic occurs. No more pandemics. However,

The COVID-19 pandemic has opened a window of opportunity for us to rethink the way we should prepare for future crises and mental health of the public…

entirely.

THANK YOU

Reference

Factors Associated With Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019 Jianbo Lai, MSc¹;Simeng Ma, MSc²;Ying Wang, MSc²;et

alZhongxiang Cai, MD²;Jianbo Hu, MSc¹;Ning Wei, MD¹;Jiang Wu, MD³;Hui Du, MD⁴;Tingting Chen, MD⁵;Ruiting Li, MD²;Huawei Tan, MD²;Li jun Kang, MSc²;Lihua Yao, MD²;Manli Huang, MD¹;Huafen Wang, BD⁶;Gaohua Wang, MD²;Zhongchun Liu, MD²;Shaohua Hu, MD¹

Author AffiliationsArticle Information

Psychological distress, fear and coping among Malaysians during the COVID-19 pandemic. Ahmed Suparno Bahar Moni ,Shalimar Abdullah,Mohammad Farris Iman Leong Bin Abdullah,Mohammed Shahjahan Kabir,Sheikh M. Alif,Farhana Sultana,Masudus Salehin,Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam,Wendy Cross,Muhammad Aziz Rahman PLOS –ONE

Dr Konstantinos Petsanis, Permanence La Volta, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Canton de Neuchâtel, 2020 May Dr Sandro Galea, Dean of the Boston University School of Public Health, on how to move toward this goal Maura GallettaORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Public Health, 26 May 2021 |https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.566700 Lene E. SøvoldPERSPECTIVE article

Front. Public Health, 07 May 2021 |https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.679397

Dr. Aiysha Malik, technical officer in WHO´s Department of Mental Health gave some advice at the WHO briefing last week How COVID-19 is affectingnurses’mental health, and what to do about it

There are so many reasons to feel anxious about coronavirus, but help is out there Lynne Pearce

Posted 22 January 2021 - 11:01. Nursing standard

Factors Associated With Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019

Jianbo Lai, MSc¹; Simeng Ma, MSc²; Ying Wang, MSc²; et

alZhongxiang Cai, MD²;Jianbo Hu, MSc¹;Ning Wei, MD¹;Jiang Wu, MD³;Hui Du, MD⁴;Tingting Chen, MD⁵;Ruiting Li, MD²;Huawei Tan, MD²;Li jun Kang, MSc²; Lihua Yao, MD²; Manli Huang, MD¹; Huafen Wang, BD⁶; Gaohua Wang, MD²; Zhongchun Liu, MD²; Shaohua Hu, MD¹

Author Affiliations Article Information

JAMA Netw Open.2020;3(3):e203976. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976

Abdul Rashid Abdul Aziz1*;2020.Exploring Psychological Stress among Health Care Worker AMID Pandemic COVID-19 in Malaysi THE IMPACT ON MENTAL HEALTH DURING A PAND,Erin Brown, MPP, May 15, 2020

Businessware, jan 26. 2021 86% of Doctors Believe Mental Health Issues, Depression Will be the Biggest non-COVID-19 Issue as a Result of the Pandemic