This study aimed to examine the overseas employment preferences of both university students and working adults in Malaysia. However, salary and benefit have no significant relationship with overseas employment preferences of university students and working adults. The research project was conducted to investigate the significant relationship of factors influencing overseas employment preferences of university students and working adults in Malaysia.
Therefore, this research project can help the entrepreneurs and recruiters in assessing the work abroad preferences of university students and working adults to gain more insight to retain the talent in the company.
RESEARCH OVERVIEW
- Introduction
- Research Background
- Problem Statement
- Research Objectives
- General Objectives
- Specific Objectives
- Research Question
- Hypothesis of the Study
- Significance of Study
- Chapter Layout
- Conclusion
To investigate the relationship between salary and benefits, job security and career development and overseas employment preference of Malaysia among university students. H1a: Salary and benefits have a positive relationship with the overseas employment preference of Malaysia among university students. H1b: Job security has a positive relationship with the overseas employment preference of Malaysia among university students.
H1c: Career advancement is positively related to work abroad preference of Malaysians among university students.
LITERATURE REVIEW
- Introduction
- Review of Literature
- Overseas Employment Preference
- Salary and Benefits
- Job Security
- Career Development
- Proposed Theoretical Framework
- Hypothesis Development
- Relationship between Salary & Benefits with
- Relationship between Job Security and Overseas
- Relationship between Career Development and
This chapter will also include the problem statement, the significance of the study and hypotheses of the study to enable readers to have a better understanding of the research topic.
METHODOLOGY
Introduction
Research Design
Data Collection Method
- Primary Data
- Secondary Data
Sampling Design
- Target Population
- Sampling Frame and Sampling Location
- Sampling Technique
- Sample Size
Research Instrument
Construct Measurement
- Independent Variables
- Dependent Variable
Data Processing
- Data Editing
- Data Coding
- Data Transcribing
Data Analysis
- Descriptive Analysis
- Reliability Test
- Inferential Analysis
- Multiple Regression Analysis
Conclusion
DATA ANALYSIS
Introduction
The remaining 301 sets of data will be presented by 150 university students and 151 working adults respectively through the descriptive analysis, reliability test and inferential analysis. Furthermore, in order to easily understand the findings, some findings will be presented with graphical illustration, such as the use of the chart.
Descriptive Analysis
- Respondent’s Demographic
In a comparative study with a group of working adults, the marital status of the group of students is 100 percent single (n=150). In terms of the university student context, 136 students are still pursuing a bachelor's degree, 5 students are pursuing a master's degree, students who have attained the highest level of education in SPM, STPM and A-Level are 4, 3 and 2 respectively. While the respondents in the context of working adults are 4 PhD graduates, 15 MA graduates, 78 Diploma graduates, 10 A-Level graduates, 13 STPM graduates and 3 1 SPM graduates.
Regarding the intention to work abroad, the majority of respondents from the group of university students and working adults have the intention to work abroad, 61.3 percent (n=92) and 69.5 percent (n=105), respectively. Of the 150 responses received in the context of university students, the majority (n=95) are university business students. Followed by 25 students of the accounting course, 11 students of the engineering course, 11 students of the information technology course, 1 student only of the healthcare and medical course, and 8 students of other courses, such as the economics course and the property management course.
On the other hand, our responses from working adults are evenly distributed across the work field. There are 23 adults working in the accounting field, 16 adults working in the healthcare and medical field, 24 adults working in the technical field, 24 adults working in the information technology field, 17 adults working in the business administration field, and 47 adults coming from other fields such as marketing and hotel management.
Scale Measurement
- Reliability Test
Furthermore, the result in table 4.9.2 (Working Adults) shows that the Cronbach's Alpha value for dependent variable, overseas employment preference is 0.765. For independent variable, career development has the strongest reliability with alpha value 0.779, followed by job security with alpha value 0.755 and salaries and benefits with alpha value 0.732. To conclude the overall results obtained, all the constructs of independent variables and dependent variables for this research are satisfactory and reliable as all its alpha value is more than 0.7.
Inferential Analysis
- Multiple Regressions
- Test of Significant (University Students)
- Test of Significant (Working Adults)
H1a: Salaries and Benefits have a positive relationship with the overseas employment preference of Malaysia among university students. Therefore, it can be concluded that job security has no relationship with the overseas employment preference of Malaysia among university students. Based on the educational background (Table 4.5.1) of university students from demographic analysis, the majority of university students study a bachelor's degree.
Therefore, it can be concluded that career development has a positive relationship with the overseas employment preference of Malaysian university students. H2a: Wages and benefits have a positive relationship with Malaysians' overseas employment preference among working adults. Therefore, it can be concluded that wages and benefits have no relationship with Malaysian workers' overseas employment preference among working adults.
H2b: Job security has a positive relationship with Malaysians' overseas employment preference among working adults. Therefore, it can be concluded that job security has a positive relationship with the overseas employment preference of Malaysian adults among working adults. H2c: Career development has a positive relationship with Malaysians' overseas employment preference among working adults.
Therefore, it can be concluded that career progression is not related to work abroad preference of Malaysians among working adults. Salaries and benefits, job security and career progression had a significant difference in influencing work abroad preference within the model between college students and working adults, as their p-value is less than 0.05.
Conclusion
The main purpose of this research objective is to study the factors that will influence the preference of overseas employment in Malaysia among university students and working adults. Based on the findings of H1b in table 5.1 it has shown that job security has no relationship with the preference of overseas employment in Malaysia among university students. This result is consistent with the research that was done by (Al-Abri & Kooli, 2018), job security has nothing to do with the employment preference of graduate students.
However, H2b findings have shown that job security has a positive relationship with Malaysians' preference for work abroad among university students. Therefore, most Malaysians will express confidence in the foreign labor market and consider job security as the main motivating factor. In contrast, H2c's findings have not supported career progression and are positively related to Malaysians' preference for work abroad among working adults.
The analysis showed that pay and benefits, job security, and career advancement differed significantly between the two groups. In terms of job security, university students will not consider job security as one of the factors for their preference for work abroad. Conversely, working adults will regard job security as the most important factor in their preference for working abroad.
Therefore, job security is the biggest requirement to provide a safer and more stable working environment for Malaysian working adults to work abroad. Retrieved from https://www.quora.com/Whats-more-important-to-a-job-job-security-or-career-potential.
DICUSSION, CONCLUSION AND
Introduction
The implication of this study is being able to understand the impact of variables on individuals' employment preferences in reality. In addition, chapter 5 also shows the limitation and recommendations to address the issues that the research will face.
Summary of Statistical Analysis
Discussion of Major Findings
- Salary and Benefits
- Job Security
- Career Development
- Differences model between University Students and
The data analysis in table 5.1 has a verify H2b p-value of 0.000 and it has lower than 0.05, this result proved that the data supported the relationship between job security and job preference among working adults. The study of (Theodossiou & Vasileiou, 2014) found the positive relationship between job security and employment preferences in the study of Europe experience and it has consistency with the result of H2b. For working adults, job security was an important factor for the employment preference to have a stable and secure future.
The expected slowdown in the Malaysian economy is one of the reasons Malaysians will worry about their job security (Lakshana, 2016). The development of H1c and H2c is expected to confirm that career development will influence the overseas employment preferences of students and working adults in Malaysia. The findings of H1c in Table 5.1 showed that the p-value of 0.001 is lower than 0.05, so the figures support a positive relationship between career development and Malaysians' preference for overseas employment among students.
To stay relevant in the new digital age, Malaysians will foster a learning and growth mindset. Therefore, university students will take career development as the most important factor when choosing a job abroad, because it means that students will have the opportunity to retrain and improve their skills to have more understanding in a new workplace or their future path (SANI, 2019). Compared to other factors, most students will prefer a job with growth potential as an important preference criterion.
From the above analysis, working adults will not consider career development as the basic factor for their overseas employment preferences. Through multiple sets of analyses, differences between Malaysians and Taiwanese were analyzed.
Implication of Study
However, job security provided abroad will be an important issue for foreign employees. Without job security, employees will not be able to know that their job is secure and will be suddenly fired or fired. In terms of career development, university students will be more focused on this as the main factor in choosing a job abroad.
As a university student, understanding the future of working life is very important after graduating. With the career development, students could make the effort and invest their time to find what they were willing to do and the path they will take in the future. Compared to the university students, working adults may not really focus on the career development as their work preference abroad.
Most working adults may have their families, they will live more stable and secure lives. The reason working adults work abroad was also to pursue a better life for them or their family. Therefore, working adults will look for a stable job abroad or work that will give them a better salary instead of finding their own career advancement.
Limitation and Recommendation
Conclusion
Marrë nga https://says.com/my/news/5-graphs-to- help-you-understand-malaysia-s-brain-drain-problem.
