HALF-BRIDGE POWER SUPPLY TO CONTROL 180 V DC MOTOR
MERSHARIF BIN SAGARAN
SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL SYSTEM ENGINEERING UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS
2011
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HALF-BRIDGE POWER SUPPLY TO CONTROL 180 V DC MOTOR
by
MERSHARIF BIN SAGARAN
Report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
of Bachelor of Engineering
MEI 2011
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i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Assalamualaikum w.b.t,
First and foremost, I am very grateful to the almighty Allah SWT the most gracious and most merciful, for giving me this opportunity to accomplish my Final Year Project.
I would like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude thanks to my Final Year Project supervisor, Mr. Abdul Rahim bin Abdul Razak who expressed his concern and positive response and support, patient and invaluable advice, comments and guidance during the research. Facing a project without supervisor is like no direction. I also want to extend my appreciation to all UniMAP staff who were involved during the completion of my final year project.
Thanks to Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) for giving me opportunity to do my degree here. I want to thank the School of Electrical System Engineering (PPKSE) for giving me permission to commence this project in the first instance, to do the necessary research and work and to use departmental equipment.
Last but not least, I want to give my special thanks to my family members especially my parents and also not forgetting all that were involved direct or indirectly in helping me with this project. Your co-operation and your help will not be forgotten.
Wassalam.
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iii APPROVAL AND DECLARATION SHEET
This project report titled Half-Bridge Power Supply To Control 180V DC Motor was prepared and submitted by Mersharif Bin Sagaran (Matric Number:
071090370) and has been found satisfactory in terms of scope, quality and presentation as partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Bachelor of Engineering (Electrical System Engineering) in Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP).
Checked and Approved by
_______________________
(Mr. Abdul Rahim Bin Abdul Razak) Project Supervisor
School of Electrical System Engineering Universiti Malaysia Perlis
Mei 2011
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iv BEKALAN KUASA TETIMBANG SEPARUH UNTUK MENGAWAL MOTOR
ARUS TERUS 180V.
ABSTRAK
Projek ini adalah mereka bentuk satu bekalan kuasa tetimbang separuh untuk mengawal motor arus terus 180V. Pada asasnya, kegunaan bekalan kuasa tetimbang separuh ini adalah untuk mengubah arus terus kepada arus ulang-alik, voltan akan di naikkan dengan pengubah injak naik dari 12 V u.a kepada 180V u.a dan di ubah semula kepada arus terus, ini akan di gunakan untuk mengawal kelajuan motor arus terus dengan mengubah dan mengawal frekuensi Gate Mosfet. Umumnya, untuk projek ini menggunakan komponen IC pengayun pelbagai HEF4047 untuk Memacu Tetimbang Separuh serta menghasilkan ayunan. Akan ada dua masukan voltan untuk litar. Satu adalah masukan untuk pengayun pelbagai HEF4047 dan lagi satu adalah masukan untuk motor DC. Voltan masukan adalah 12V a.t. Voltan dan arus untuk motor adalah dikawal oleh MOSFET. MOSFET akan dikawal oleh sebuah litar pengawal yang mana mampu mengawal kelajuan sebuah motor 180V dengan mengawal frekuensinya.
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v HALF-BRIDGE POWER SUPPLY TO CONTROL
180V DC MOTOR
ABSTRACT
This project is to design a Half-Bridge power supply to control 180 V DC motor.
Basically, the usage of this Half-Bridge power supply is to convert DC to AC then step up from 12 V AC to 180 V AC by using step up transformer than convert back to DC, this waveform will be control to adjust the DC motor speed by adjusting or varying the frequency of the Mosfet Gate. Generally, for this project a Monostable/Astable multivibrator HEF4047 use as a Half-bridge driver and to generate oscillation. There will be two inputs for the circuit. One will be the input for the Half-Bridge driver with oscillator and the other one will be the input for the DC motor. The input voltage is 12 V. The voltage and current to the motor is controlled by a MOSFET. The MOSFET is controlled by a circuit controller that is capable of controlling the speed of a 180V motor by controlling the frequency.
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vi TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ACKNOWLEDGMENT i
DECLARATION SHEET ii
ABSTRAK iv
ABSTRACT v
TABLE OF CONTENTS vi
LIST OF TABLES viii
LIST OF FIGURES x
LIST OF SYMBOLS, ABBREVIATIONS OR NOMENCLATURE xi
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.0 Overview 1
1.1 Problem Statement 2
1.2 Project Objectives 3
1.3 Scope of Study 3
1.4 Report Structure 4
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vii CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Half-bridge topology 5
2.2 Shunt DC Motor Operation 6
2.3 Controlling The Speed of a Shunt DC Motor 8
2.4 Multivibrator 9
2.5 Power Switches. 11
2.5.1 MOSFET 12
2.6 Transformer 13
2.6.1 Basic Principle 14
2.7 AC-DC Converter 18
CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.0 Introduction 20
3.1 Research and Theoretical Study 23
3.2 Component Identification 21
3.3 Calculation and Design 22
3.3.1 Theoretical Calculation 23
3.3.2 Complete Circuit Design 28
3.4 Hardware Construction 29
CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.0 Introduction 32
4.1 Results 32
4.2 Discussion 36
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION
5.0 Summary 37
5.1 Recommendation for Future Project 38
5.2 Commercialization Potential 38
REFERENCES 42
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viii LIST OF TABLES
Tables No. Page
2.1 Comparison of power semiconductor devices 4 3.1 Specification of the 180 V DC Motor 22 3.2 Component List 28
4.1 Table of frequency and speed 36
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ix LIST OF FIGURES
Figures No. Page
1.0 Basic construction circuit of the Half-Bridge power
supply to control 180 V DC Motor 2
2.1 Diagram of a DC shunt motor 6
2.2 Typical DC shunt motor 7
2.3 Power vs frequency for different power devices 12 2.4 Internal diagram of MOSFET 13
2.5 Ideal transformer 15
2.6 Ideal transformer as a circuit element 17
2.7(a) During positive half-cycle of the input, D2 and D3 are forward-biased and conduct current. D1 and D4 are
reverse-biased [8] 18
2.7(b) During negative half-cycle of the input, D1 and D4 are forward-biased and conduct current. D2 and D3 are
reverse-biased [8] 19
3.1 Flow chart of designing Half-Bridge power supply 20
3.2 Block diagram for Half-bridge power supply 21
3.3 Frequency Generating Circuit 23
3.4 Astable Square waveform output 23
3.5 Frequency Generating Circuit 25
3.6 Half-Bridge circuit using PSIM software 29
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x 3.7 The hardware construction of oscillator circuit 30 3.8 Oscillator circuit connected with a Half-Bridge driver and
MOSFET also connection to the motor 30
3.9 The hardware construction of the complete circuit 31 3.10 Complete circuit on the veraboard 31 3.11 Complete box of Half-Bridge power supply 32 4.1 Complete circuit with test points shown 34
4.2(a) Output oscillator at f= 50 kHz 34
4.2(b) Output oscillator at f= 500 kHz 35
4.3(a) Waveform obtained from simulation at f = 50 Hz 35 4.3(b) Waveform obtained from TP1 and TP2 at f = 50 Hz 36 4.4 The Graph of speed versus frequency 37
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xi LIST OF SYMBOLS, ABBREVIATIONS OR NOMENCLATURE
Hz Hertz
V Voltage
A Ampere
rpm Revolution Per Minute AC Alternating Current
DC Direct Current
a.u Arus Ulang-alik
a.t Arus Terus
