The Use of TikTok in Learning English as a Second Language Nurul Huda Ibrahim

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The Use of TikTok in Learning English as a Second Language

Nurul Huda Ibrahim^1*, Suhaniz Ayuni Shafie¹, Intan Noorazlina Abdul Rahim¹

1General Studies Department, Kolej Poly Tech MARA Kuantan, Kuantan, Malaysia

*Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Received: 28 April 2023 | Accepted: 5 July 2023 | Published: 30 July 2023

DOI:https://doi.org/10.55057/ajress.2023.5.2.35 __________________________________________________________________________________________

Abstract: The use of social media platforms such as TikTok has become increasingly popular in recent years, and it is not limited to entertainment purposes only. This paper explores the potential benefits of using TikTok as a tool for learning the English language. The study analyses how TikTok can enhance language learning by providing learners with exposure to authentic language use, opportunities to practise language skills, and engagement with a community of language learners. The qualitative method was used in conducting this study.

The findings suggest that TikTok can be an effective supplement to traditional language learning methods, providing learners with a fun and engaging way to develop their language skills. However, further research is needed to determine the full extent of TikTok's potential as a language-learning tool.

Keywords: TikTok, English language, social media, education

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1. Introduction

The emergence of social media platforms has opened up new opportunities for language learners to practise their skills and engage with a global community of language learners. One such platform that has gained significant popularity in recent years is TikTok. TikTok is a social media platform that allows users to create and share short videos, with a focus on music, dance, and comedy. While TikTok is often associated with entertainment, it also has the potential to be a powerful tool for language learning. This makes it an ideal tool for language learning because it provides learners with exposure to authentic language use in real-world contexts. By watching videos created by native speakers of English, learners can improve their listening and comprehension skills and learn new vocabulary and expressions. TikTok also allows users to create videos, which can be used as a tool for practising language skills such as speaking, pronunciation, and writing. Users can even get feedback from native speakers and other language learners by sharing their videos with the community.

TikTok for language learning is that it provides learners with a sense of community. The platform has a large and active community of language learners who share tips and resources, provide feedback, and offer support to one another. This can help learners feel more motivated and engaged in their language-learning journey. While TikTok shows promise as a language learning tool, further research is needed to determine its full potential. Some challenges may arise, such as the quality of the content and potential distractions from other entertainment content. However, the findings suggest that TikTok can be an effective supplement to traditional language learning methods, providing learners with a fun and engaging way to develop their language skills.

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TikTok has been a pop culture phenomenon, which has garnered one million active users per month worldwide (Doyle, 2023). The app's widespread use represents a new form of communication that makes use of videos to convey information in fun and engaging ways.

Language learning educators are beginning to recognize TikTok's potential to revolutionise teaching and learning experiences. TikTok offers a new and innovative way of creating and sharing educational content that caters to the needs and preferences of learners. Moreover, using TikTok in classrooms has proved to promote digital literacies, cultural exchange, and collaborative learning.

On the other hand, English is considered the most widely spoken language in the world, and learning it provides a lot of opportunities for personal growth, and academic, and professional advancement. However, learning English as a second language (ESL) is not always easy, especially for non-native speakers. Many students face challenges in acquiring fluency, pronunciation, vocabulary, and comprehension, as they struggle to find studies that are engaging and effective. The advancement of technology and the ubiquity of social media have resulted in new possibilities for language learning. TikTok, a short-form video-sharing app, has been at the forefront of these developments.

2. Background of the Study

This paper aims to investigate the effectiveness of using TikTok as a tool for learning the English language. The English language is widely recognized as a global language and is used for communication in various fields such as business, education, and technology. In recent years, social media platforms such as TikTok have gained immense popularity among people of all ages, particularly among the youth. Tik-Tok is a video-sharing app that allows users to create short videos and share them with a global audience. The app has become a popular source of entertainment and a platform for creative expression.

Given the popularity of TikTok and the importance of English proficiency, it is worth exploring the potential of TikTok as a tool for English language learning. TikTok provides a unique opportunity to engage learners interactively and engagingly. The app's short video format can be used to teach English vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation, and other language skills.

Additionally, TikTok's algorithm can be used to personalise learning by recommending content based on learners' interests and learning preferences.

Despite the potential of TikTok as a tool for English language learning, there is a lack of research on its effectiveness. Therefore, conducting a case study on the use of TikTok for English language learning can provide valuable insights into the benefits and limitations of using the app for language learning. The case study can also explore the perceptions and experiences of learners and instructors using TikTok for language learning. Overall, the study can contribute to the development of effective strategies for using TikTok as a tool for English language learning.

3. Literature Review

3.1 Social media

Social media is a term used to describe a group of online platforms and technologies that enable users to create, share, and exchange user-generated content and participate in social networking. Social media platforms are primarily internet-based and may include websites, mobile applications, and other digital communication tools.

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According to Lin et al. (2016), students who utilised social media for foreign language learning exhibited significant enhancements in their motivation and attitudes towards the subject, as well as notable progress in their speaking and listening abilities. Similarly, a sizable study conducted in Malaysia investigated the use of Facebook for learning English at the tertiary level and found that students perceived it as a valuable online platform for improving their language skills (Kabilan et al., 2010).

Social media allows individuals and organisations to connect and interact with each other, share information, and build communities. Users can share a wide range of content, including text, images, videos, and links. Social media platforms also offer features such as commenting, liking, and sharing, which allow users to engage with each other's content and build relationships.

Some popular social media platforms include Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, TikTok, YouTube, and LinkedIn. These platforms have become an integral part of many people's daily lives, providing a way to stay connected with friends and family, stay informed about current events, and engage with communities of interest. Social media has also become an important tool for businesses and organisations to connect with customers and promote their products and services.

According to Sarwar et al. (2019), almost all students, approximately 95%, have access to an internet-connected mobile device, which means only a small fraction of students, less than 5%, may not be able to use mobile technology for educational purposes. As social media is highly prevalent among students, it is crucial to explore its potential for educational use and incorporate media-oriented strategies in the development of educational curricula and technology-based learning resources.

3.2 TikTok as an educational tool

TikTok is a well-known social media platform that focuses on young users sharing brief videos lasting from 3 to 60 seconds. Users can create videos of themselves acting silly or lip-syncing to music or speech recordings, and then modify the content using different visual effects.

Demmy and Fathul (2018) state that TikTok is a newly popular social media platform that allows users to create interesting videos and engage in private chats. The app has simple yet captivating visual effects. One potential productive use of TikTok in the classroom is for students to watch videos created by teachers. In a flipped classroom approach, teachers have produced their own videos to explain complex topics and provide detailed instructions for assignments, which are accessible on their personal websites.

TikTok is primarily known as a social media app for entertainment and creative expression, but it has also been used in educational contexts. Some educators and learners have found TikTok to be a useful tool for teaching and learning such as:

a. Teaching language skills: TikTok can be used to teach language skills such as vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation. Educators can create short videos explaining language concepts, and learners can create videos to practise using the language.

b. Explaining complex concepts: TikTok short video format can be used to explain complex concepts simply and engagingly. Educators can create videos that break down difficult topics into bite-sized pieces, making it easier for learners to understand and remember the information.

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c. Collaborative learning: TikTok can be used to promote collaboration and group learning.

Learners can create videos together on a specific topic or project, and share their videos with their classmates.

d. Personalised learning: TikTok algorithm can be used to personalise learning by recommending content based on learners' interests and learning preferences. Educators can curate a list of relevant videos for their learners, and learners can also explore the app and discover videos that interest them.

e. Creative expression: TikTok can be used as a tool for creative expression and storytelling.

Learners can create videos that demonstrate their understanding of a topic or express their ideas and opinions.

The research was conducted by Chen and Kang (2023) stated that TikTok helps students in becoming more fluent in English. It is probable that students will derive pleasure from novel experiences that have practical applications to their everyday routine, such as utilising social media platforms. Implementing social media tools in education is not a groundbreaking concept. Some researchers have employed social media apps as educational resources, as demonstrated by Herlisya and Alfiawati's (2019) use of Tiktok as a platform for instructing English language writing abilities.

Furthermore, language education through short videos in TikTok has made gaining knowledge more accessible and has also lessened the formality of academic learning. English, being one of the commonly spoken languages, has been the top pick of many video creators and viewers for language education as stated in Duan (2023).

It is undeniable that TikTok has the potential to serve as an effective educational tool, particularly in enhancing one's listening skills. According to Adnan, Ramli and Ismail (2021), students should be offered a range of options to choose from, based on their individual learning styles and interests, while also encouraging the use of autonomy-supportive behaviours and increasing its usage.

3.3 English language in education

The English language is an important aspect of education, as it enables individuals to communicate effectively, access information, pursue higher education, and advance their careers. The English language plays a vital role in education, especially in today's globalised world. English is the most widely spoken language in the world, and it is used as a common language for international communication in business, science, technology, and diplomacy.

Therefore, a good command of English is necessary for effective communication with people from different countries and cultures. Other than that, English can open up a world of career opportunities in fields such as international business, tourism, and education. Many multinational companies require employees who can communicate effectively in English, and English language skills are often a prerequisite for employment in certain industries. English language proficiency can be particularly valuable when employees need to work with clients and partners from different countries and cultures. Mastery of the English language can provide individuals with a range of benefits and advantages in today's globalised world.

4. Methodology

Methodology is a critical component of any research study as it provides a systematic approach to ensure that the research is conducted in a valid, reliable, and ethical manner. In this section,

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the researcher will explain the overall methodology process in this study such as sample size, data analysis, data collection and research procedure.

4.1 The purpose of the study

The purpose of this study is to investigate the use of TikTok in learning English as a second language. This study aims to achieve the following objectives:

i. To explore the student's perception of using TikTok in learning the English Language.

ii. To enhance the language skills among students by using TikTok in learning iii. To compare the used of TikTok and traditional textbook

4.2 Respondents of the case study

For this study, the population of the respondents is semester two students. The researcher targeted the Business Management students at Kolej Poly Tech MARA Kuantan. A total number of 23 students will be selected as a respondent for the semi-structured interview session. The researcher only focuses on a specific group of students at a particular program and uses a small sample of individuals to gather data about the effectiveness of TikTok as an English language learning tool.

4.3 Data collection and analysis

In this research, the researcher used the qualitative method. In conducting the qualitative research, the researcher chooses to conduct the case study method to answer the research objectives. By using a case study method, the researcher was able to gather detailed and nuanced information about the experiences of the students using TikTok for English language learning. This allowed them to gain a deeper understanding of the effectiveness of TikTok as a language learning tool and how it was being used in a specific context.

At the end of the case study, the researcher will interview the respondent to collect their response regarding this study. A semi-structured interview is used to conduct the interview. A semi structured method is a method of gathering information where predetermined themes guide the questioning, but the questions themselves are not strictly structured. In this particular study, the interview was fully recorded to ensure the researcher could concentrate on the interviewees and maintain the precision of the data collection. The purpose of this interview is to gather feedback from the respondent on the accuracy and completeness of the information collected during the study. The respondent can also provide their thoughts and insights on the research objectives and provide additional context or information that may have been missed during the initial data collection. The researchers conducted analysis using the data interpretation. Data interpretation is interpreting the findings by drawing conclusions and making connections between the themes and patterns identified in the data. Table 1 indicated the interview question adapted from Mei and Aziz (2022)

Table 1: Interview question No Interview Questions

1 Do you have a TikTok account?

2 How often do you use TikTok?

3 How long would you use TikTok in a day?

4 What do you think about using TikTok to support English language learning?

5 How can Tik-Tok be used to assist you in English language learning?

6 What are the differences between learning English using TikTok & text book?

7 What are the advantages of using TikTok in English language learning?

8 What is your perception of using TikTok in English language learning?

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5. Results and Analysis

The main subject of this chapter is the outcomes of collecting interview data. The goal of the research is to assess the perception of TikTok as an English language learning instrument by 23 students. The chapter starts by analysing the students’ demographics and proceeds to present the primary results of the study.

5.1 Respondent’s Demographic Details 5.1.1 Respondent’s Gender

Table 2 indicated a total of 23 students participated in the study. The group consisted of six males and 17 females, whose ages are also listed. All participants were enrolled as full-time students of Diploma in Business Management at Kolej Poly- Tech MARA Kuantan. The interview session with the 23 students was conducted entirely in English, and the results are analysed based on previous research. The following section presents a summary of the results, which are described in accordance with the students’ responses to the interview questions.

Table 2: Respondents Demographic Details

Participant Gender Age Semester

R.1 Female 19 Semester 2

R.3 Male 19 Semester 2

R. 11 Male 19 Semester 2

R. 12 Male 19 Semester 2

R. 13 Female 19 Semester 2

5.1.2 Respondent’s average time spent on TikTok

Table 3 exhibited the average time spent by the respondents on TikTok. The highest number of participants, a total of 8 respondents, spent an average of 1-2 hours daily on TikTok. 6 other respondents dedicated 3-4 hours, and 4 respondents devoted 5-6 hours daily to TikTok.

Interestingly, 5 respondents, representing 21.7% of the total, indicated that they spend more than 6 hours on TikTok daily.

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Table 3: Average time spent on TikTok

Hour/ day Total

1-2 hours 8

3-4 hours 6

5-6 hours 4

More than 6 hours 5

Total 23

5.2 Research objective 1: To explore the student's perception of using TikTok in learning the English Language

Table 4: Students’ perception of Using TikTok

Responses Respondents Total number of respondents

Interesting tools of learning R1, R2, R6, R7, R13, R19, R21 7

Easy to understand R3, R15, R18, R22 4

Sources of information R4, R5, R8, R11, R16, 5

Distraction R9, R10, R14, R17, R20, R23 6

Save money R12 1

Table 4 showed the students' perceptions of using TikTok as a tool for learning the English language. Seven respondents found TikTok to be an interesting way of learning English.

Additionally, 4 respondents stated that they find it easy to understand English through TikTok, while another 5 respondents reported using TikTok as a source of information for learning English. In contrast, 6 respondents asserted that TikTok is a distraction for them when it comes to language learning. Only one respondent claimed that learning English through TikTok could save money as they do not need to purchase textbooks.

The reason why different students have different opinions about using TikTok as a tool for learning English is because everyone learns in their own unique way. Some students may enjoy using TikTok to learn English, while others may find it distracting. Additionally, the quality of the content on TikTok can also vary, which can affect how useful students find it for learning English. Finally, the way in which students are using TikTok for language learning can also affect their perceptions. Students who use TikTok as a supplement to traditional classroom learning may view it more positively than those who rely solely on TikTok for language learning.

It is important for educators to consider the different needs and preferences of their students and use a variety of teaching methods and resources to cater to their learning styles. They should also curate the content carefully and ensure that it aligns with the learning objectives and standards. By doing so, educators can help students maximize the benefits of using TikTok and other tools for learning English.

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5.3 Research objective 2: To enhance the language skills among students by using Tik- Tok in learning

Table 5: Enhance language skills Agree R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R10,

R11, R12, R13, R14., R15, R16, R17, R18, R19, R20, R21, R23

Reason

Improve grammar Improve language skill

Confident in communicate in English

The video can be repeated to improve English Can learn through famous influencer

Not agree R8, R9, Distraction

Choose another video than English video

Table 5 demonstrated the potential of TikTok to improve the language skills of English language learners. 21 out of 23 respondents agreed that TikTok can enhance their understanding of the language. They reported that TikTok had improved their grammar and language skills, boosted their confidence in communicating in English, and enabled them to learn from famous influencers. Additionally, they appreciated the ability to replay videos repeatedly to improve their comprehension. However, 2 respondents stated that TikTok could be a distraction for them in learning English, as they often opted for videos that did not use English while using the app. The need for educators and learners to be mindful of the potential for distractions on TikTok and to carefully curate content is an important consideration.

TikTok is a social media platform that features a wide variety of content, and not all of it is related to language learning. As a result, learners may be tempted to watch videos that are not helpful for their language learning goals. For example, learners may spend more time watching entertaining or popular videos, rather than videos that can help them improve their language skills.

Therefore, educators and learners need to carefully select and curate content that is relevant and beneficial to language learning. This means choosing content that aligns with the learning objectives and standards, and is appropriate for the learners’ proficiency level. Additionally, educators can guide learners to select appropriate videos that are useful for language learning, and discourage them from watching videos that may be distracting.

By carefully curating content and guiding learners to select appropriate videos, educators can help learners maximize the benefits of using TikTok for language learning. This will ensure that learners are engaging with relevant and beneficial content that will help them achieve their language learning goals.

5.4 Research objective 3: To compare the used of TikTok and traditional textbook

Table 6: TikTok and Textbook Comparison

TikTok Textbook Respondents

Interesting (video, background, animation, graphic)

Reader easy to get bored and sleepy Too many words

R1, R3, R5, R6, R9, R14, R15, R16, R17, R20, R21, R22, R23 Can learn English everywhere

(compact and easy to bring)

Not convenient because textbook hard to bring

Only can learn in class

R2, R4, R7, R8, R19

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Easy to understand Complicated R10, R11, R12, R13

Easy to remember Hard to remember fact R18

Table 6 compared the effectiveness of using TikTok and a textbook for learning English language. Only one respondent found it easier to remember what they learned from TikTok, compared to facts from a textbook. However, 13 respondents commented that learning English from TikTok was more interesting than from a textbook due to the use of animations and graphics in the videos. Additionally, five respondents agreed that TikTok made it easier for them to learn from anywhere since they could bring their devices with them, while carrying a textbook was cumbersome. Another four respondents found it challenging to understand English language through reading a textbook, but found it easier to learn through TikTok.

TikTok videos often make use of animations, graphics, and other visual elements that can make the learning experience more engaging and interactive. For instance, a TikTok video may use animations to demonstrate the correct pronunciation of a word or the use of a particular grammar rule. These visual aids can be particularly helpful for learners who are visual or kinesthetic learners, as they can help to reinforce concepts and improve retention. On the other hand, TikTok has the potential to help learners fit learning into their busy schedules and make more progress in less time.

TikTok, as a mobile app, provides an accessible and convenient platform for learners to engage in language learning anytime, anywhere. This flexibility can be particularly advantageous for busy individuals who may struggle to find dedicated time for language learning. With TikTok, learners can access short, bite-sized language learning content that can be consumed quickly and easily, without the need for structured class time or a dedicated study schedule.

Furthermore, the engaging nature of TikTok's content, which often includes animations, graphics, and interactive elements, can help learners stay motivated and focused on their language learning goals. This can lead to more efficient and effective learning, allowing learners to make progress in less time.

However, it is important to note that TikTok should not replace traditional language learning methods entirely. It should be viewed as a supplement to a more comprehensive language learning curriculum, which includes structured learning and practice opportunities.

Additionally, learners should be mindful of potential distractions and carefully curate content that is relevant and beneficial to language learning.

6. Conclusion

TikTok can be a valuable tool for learning English as a second language. The platform's short- form videos and unique style of communication can provide an engaging and entertaining way for language learners to practise their skills.

Users can find a variety of English language content on TikTok, including instructional videos, language challenges, and conversations between native and non-native speakers. Additionally, the app's algorithm can be customised to provide more English language content for users who express an interest in learning the language.

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However, it is important to note that TikTok should not be used as the sole method of language learning, as it may not provide a comprehensive understanding of grammar and vocabulary. It should be used in conjunction with other language learning resources, such as textbooks, courses, and language exchange programs. Furthermore, TikTok's short-form video format offers a unique and engaging way to learn English language. Unlike traditional learning methods, TikTok's videos can be more immersive, interactive, and visually stimulating, which can make the learning process more enjoyable and effective for many learners.

TikTok's videos can be replayed multiple times, allowing learners to review and reinforce their understanding of the content. This feature provides a more dynamic and interactive learning experience than traditional textbooks or lectures, as learners can engage with the content actively and at their own pace. The ability to replay videos also provides an opportunity for learners to focus on specific language skills or concepts they need to improve, enabling them to customize their learning experience. By providing an immersive and engaging learning experience, TikTok has the potential to motivate learners to continue learning and practicing English language skills. This can lead to more effective learning outcomes, such as improved grammar, pronunciation, and vocabulary.

In conclusion, while TikTok can be a helpful tool for language learners, it should not be relied upon as the sole means of learning the English language. With a combination of traditional language learning resources and the unique engagement and entertainment value of TikTok, language learners can improve their English language skills while enjoying the app's unique style of communication.

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