Significant growth improvement was observed on seedlings compared to the control treatment (Puspita et al., 2019). Another in vitro screening of actinomycetes from rhizosphere of oil palm was done by Shariffah- Muzaimah et al.
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ASSOCIATION OF DIETARY FATS WITH GUT MICROBIOTA PROFILE: HOW DOES PALM OIL
FIT IN?
The effects of a high fat content of plant or animal origin on the composition of the gut microbiota have been summarized in two general pathways (Valdes et al., 2018). The remaining fatty acids reach the colon, where they are metabolized by the gut microbiota community (Bauer et al., 2005).
NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE PHYLOGEOGRAPHY OF THE OIL PALM PEST, Metisa plana TOWARDS
ITS MANAGEMENT CONTROL
A combination of mtDNA (COI and Cytb) and nuclear data (28S) was used for phylogenetic analysis. Phylogeny of the Nasonia species complex (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) inferred from internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) and 28S rDNA sequences.
DETERMINATION OF RELIABLE REFERENCE GENES FOR REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION
QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME PCR FROM OIL PALM TRANSCRIPTOMES
Validation of reference genes for gene expression studies in peanut by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Validation of reference genes for gene expression analysis in chicory (Cichorium intybus) using quantitative real-time PCR.
ANTIFUNGAL AND ANTIOXIDANT PEPTIDES FROM OIL PALM MESOCARPS
Meanwhile, peptide 5, a proline-rich peptide, was found to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive bacteria) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (Gram-negative bacteria) (Dolashka et al., 2011). Many antimicrobial peptides are known to also exert antioxidant bioactivity (Memarpoor-Yazdi et al., 2012).
EFFECTS OF Phoma herbarum AS A BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT OF GLYPHOSATE RESISTANT
Phoma herbarum Westend is a ubiquitous saprobic and toxigenic pathogen of plants and animals (Hamayun et al., 2009). Phoma herbarum (PH81) DNA was isolated using the modified cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) method described by Manicom et al. Hynes (2018) stated that the ubiquitous genus Phoma has been widely reported as a fungus responsible for saprophytic, phytopathogenic and, more recently, bioherbicidal activity, so it is not surprising that P. herbarum can also control resistant E.
This is the first report of P. herbarum as a potential biological control agent of resistant E. 2006) identified a particular toxin 3-nitro-1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid (3-natrophthalic acid) from P. Phoma species have also previously been associated as biological control agents for many invasive weeds such as Canadian thistle (Guske et al., 2004) and dandelion (Neumann and Boland, 2002).
NUTRITIONAL POTENTIAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUID-EXTRACTED PALM FRUIT
Tocopherol and tocotrienol content of the oils was determined according to the method of Che et al. TFC of the oil extracts was determined according to the aluminum chloride (AlCl3) colorimetric method described by Radhia et al. 2017) where rutin hydrate was used as the standard. H2O2 scavenging activity of the phenolic extracts was determined according to the method of Keser et al.
The FIC activity of the extracts was determined according to the method described by Mah et al. FRAP of the extracts was performed according to the protocol of Mah et al. 2017) using ascorbic acid as standard drug.
FEASIBILITY STUDY OF OIL PALM
HARVESTING USING PULSE FIBRE LASER SYSTEM WITH DIFFERENT LENSES
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In this study, pulse fiber laser was investigated as a possible mechanism to cut oil palm leaves. In this work, the absorption spectrum of the oil palm leaves was captured using the experimental setup shown in Figure 2. The working principle of lasers on oil palm leaves is by initiating a laser beam on the surface of the material and linear movement of the laser. .
Further assessment of the laser cutting performance of the oil palm fronds using the 63 mm focal lens was carried out by examining its ability to make complete frond cuts. The cutting time recorded varied from one another due to the shape of the oil palm fronds which taper from the base to both ends.
CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTALS DERIVED FROM OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH REINFORCED
All samples were designated as CNC/NRL XY, where X was the curing temperature and Y was the mass % of CNC. Tensile properties of CNC/NRL nanocomposites The tensile properties of CNC/NRL nanocomposites and pure NRL films were characterized at room temperature. The tensile properties of CNC/NRL nanocomposites at two different curing temperatures are listed in Table 3.
Thermal behavior of CNC/NRL nanocomposites The thermal behavior of CNC/NRL nanocomposite was studied by DSC. This is consistent with the results that recorded the best tensile strength was at 1 wt.% of CNC.
INVESTIGATING THE POTENTIAL ANTI-DIABETIC MECHANISMS OF
It also contains an indoleacetic acid derivative (Sambanthamurthi et al., 2014) and shikimic acid (Sambandan et al., 2011). Caco-2 cell monolayers have also been used as an in vitro model of the intestinal barrier for studies of the metabolism and transport kinetics of dietary phenolic compounds (Sambuy et al., 2005). The associated preparative HPLC chromatogram of these prepared fractions has been published previously (Leow et al., 2021b).
Ringer's solution was used as a buffer in glucose uptake experiments on everted intestinal pouches of mice (Luz-Madrigal et al., 2015). On the other hand, protocatechuic acid was previously shown to inhibit α-amylase more than α-glucosidase (Adefegha et al., 2015).
OPTIMISATION OF REACTION PARAMETERS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF SOLKETAL
Glycerol demonstrates versatile uses in numerous fields such as in food enhancer, pharmaceutical product, polymer industries, fuel and diesel additive (Anitha et al., 2016). The global growth of biodiesel production over the last decade has caused a surplus of glycerol in the market which has led to a decrease in glycerol. There are currently 19 oleochemical plants operating in Malaysia, which exported approximately 3.28 million tons of oleochemicals in 2019 (Parveez et al., 2020).
Therefore, there is a need for new uses of glycerol if the current and future glycerol stock is to be managed (Lapuerta et al., 2015). Glycerol ketals and acetals are among interesting compounds to be explored as they have been shown to be potential.
LEVULINATE AS POTENTIAL BIODIESEL ADDITIVE
Effect of reaction parameters on SoLE yield Effect of different types of catalysts. The effect of reaction time on the yield of SoLE is shown in Figure 4. The results essentially showed that the yield of SoLE increased with longer reaction time. The molar ratio of mL to solketal is one of the most important variables affecting SoLE yield.
The figure shows that the yield of SoLE increased gradually up to the reaction temperature of 140 °C, which gave a yield of 74.6%. The chromatogram also showed the existence of two other side products with a low percentage composition, namely methyllevulinate and solketal, which appeared at 4.63 min and 5.83 min, respectively. a) 1H-NMR and (b) 13C-NMR spectra of SoLE obtained by Na2CO3-catalyzed transesterification between solketal and mL at 1:3 molar ratio, 140 °C for 4 h.
PALM-BASED CHOCOLATE SPREAD FOR WIDE RANGE TEMPERATURE APPLICATIONS USING
CS contains oils and fats that impart desirable physical properties such as lubricity and structural stability to it. These physical properties depend on the chemical structure of the oils and fats, especially on the compositions of fatty acids (FAC) and triacylglycerols (TAG). However, partial hydrogenation product contains trans fatty acid that is harmful to health, where the United States of America (USA) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has banned the use of this fat (Kushairi et al., 2018).
Alternatives to trans fatty acids have been sought by both manufacturers and researchers and some of the alternatives found are palm fractions [palm oil (PO), palm olein (POo), palm stearin (POs), as well as red POo] and butterfat or mixed palm fractions with other vegetable oils (El -Hadad et al., 2011; El-Kalyoubi et al., 2011; Jeyarani et al., 2013). Some food manufacturers used special processing techniques (e.g. custom fractionation) to minimize trans fatty acids (Roe et al., 2013).
SUNFLOWER WAX, CARNAUBA WAX AND BEES WAX
Raw ingredients according to Shamsudin et al. 2015) was used to produce CS with the OSWW with slight modification. In this study, the hardness of CS using the OSWW was lower than the study by Prasanth Kumar et al. According to Prasanth Kumar et al. 2016), in general, higher SFC led to higher product hardness.
This was also supported by Kim et al. 2017) who found that a smaller percentage of wax in an OSW produced less SFC. The addition of SFW, CW, and BW at a maximum of 3.5% did not significantly increase SFC (Figure 3), as they consisted mainly of wax esters (Doan et al., 2018).
TOPICAL APPLICATION OF THE PALM TOCOTRIENOL-RICH FRACTION (TRF)
ENHANCES CUTANEOUS WOUND HEALING IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC MICE
Wound repair in diabetic (streptozotocin-induced) and normal rats can be improved by the TRF (Elsy et al., 2017; Musalmah et al., 2005), and topical treatment with the TRF can also promote burn wound healing (Elsy et al., 2017). We showed that T2D wounds sustained the production of inflammatory cells in the wound sites, which blocked the progress of healing and thus impeded wound closure (Tan et al., 2019).
A high hydroxyproline level also indicates an increase in cellular proliferation and collagen synthesis (Dwivedi et al., 2017). IL-17A was also reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic wounds (Hadian et al., 2019).
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RANTES and LIX have been reported to be crucially associated with impaired wound healing (Ligi et al., 2016). Several studies have been conducted on the efficacy of TRF mediated by various pharmacological activities, including antioxidant (Ahsan et al., 2014), anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities (Elsy et al., 2017). Targeting oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in the treatment of impaired wound healing: a systematic review.
Vitamin D ameliorates impaired wound healing in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice by suppressing NF-κB-mediated inflammatory genes. Curcumol promotes vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-mediated diabetic wound healing in streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats.
TOXICOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF REFINED PALM-PRESSED MESOCARP FIBRE OIL
The refined PMFO used in the present study was refined according to the published method as described by Sulihatimarsyila et al. The genotoxicity of refined PMFO was assessed using the alkaline comet assay detecting primary DNA damage (Tice et al., 2000). The phytonutrient content of refined PMFO is as follows: carotenes (1255 ppm), tocopherols and tocotrienols (1290 ppm), sterols (591 ppm) and squalene (886 ppm).
No IC50 values were observed for PMFO-treated V79-4 cells compared to the positive control (H2O2) (Figure 1). Our toxicological assessment provides a preliminary finding on the safety of using refined PMFO as a food ingredient.
ESTIMATING THE SHELF LIFE OF FLAVOURING OIL GRAVY CONSISTING OF RED PALM OIL
However, the effects of RPO on the shelf life of flavored oil gravy were not investigated in that study. AV AND POV CHANGE OF THE THREE FLAVOR OIL GRAVIIES DURING STORAGE AT FOUR DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES Storage time (day). The shelf life of this aromatic oil gravy at three different temperatures was further calculated.
AV and POV were also determined during storage, as shown in Figure 2. The results were consistent with the sensory evaluation scores. Influence of red palm oil on the physico-chemical and sensory properties of flavored oil sauce for instant noodles.
MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF FUNGI AND
ROT DISEASE IN MALAYSIA
The culture plates of the isolates recovered from healthy tissue are shown in Figure 2, while the plates of isolates from infected tissue are shown in Figure 3. FUNGAL ISOLATES PASSED FROM INFECTED AND HEALTHY TISSUES IN HALDEN Isolate ID Annotation using. BACTERIAL ISOLATES RECOVERED FROM INFECTED AND HEALTHY TISSUES IN THE PALM Isolates ID Accession no.
Phylogenetic tree showed that most of the strains recovered from infected tissue were grouped in the subclade of Klebsiella species (Figure 4c). As a group, Dickeya species are considered one of the most important bacterial phytopathogens (Mansfield et al., 2012).
JOURNAL OF OIL PALM RESEARCH
GUIDE FOR AUTHORS
Short Communication
Review Article
Journal of Oil Palm Research Vol. 34 (4) December 2022 *
