A h a u lin g o p e r a tio n i s done e i t h e r on th e p o r t o r s ta rb o a r d s id e depending on th e d e s ig n o f th e b o a t. The f i s h i n g crew members h a u l th e w in g s and body o f th e n e t m a n u a lly on b o a rd th e
b o a t i n a r h y th m ic m o tio n , f o ll o w i n g th e u n d u la tin g movement o f th e waves. The o p e r a tio n must be
p r o p e r ly s y n c h ro n iz e d to e v e n ly d i s t r i b u t e th e s la c k o f th e n e t . H a u lin g must c o n tin u e u n t i l th e f i s h a re c o n c e n tra te d a t th e b u n t p o r t io n o f th e n e t . The c a tc h i s th e n b a ile d o u t w it h a la r g e scoop o r d ip n e t , and p la c e d i n boxe s.
OPERATION OF A FISH SHELTER
G e n e r a lly , s m a ll r i n g n e t f i s h i n g in v o lv e s th e use o f an a c c e s s o ry d e v ic e c a lle d a f i s h s h e l t e r , l o c a l l y known as " p a y a o " , f o r a t t r a c t i n g s c h o o ls o f f i s h , m a in ly s u r fa c e swimming s p e c ie s , such as s a r d in e / h e r r i n g , m a c k e re l, sca d , tu n a and t u n a - l i k e f i s h e s .
A f i s h s h e l t e r c o n s is ts o f an anchored bamboo r a f t p r o v id e d w it h c o c o n u t le a v e s w h ich a f f o r d a r e fu g e f o r th e f i s h . A lg a e and o t h e r m a rin e l i f e t h a t become a tta c h e d t o and grow on th e s e le a v e s a re fo o d f o r s m a lle r f is h e s w h ic h i n t u r n s e rv e as b a i t t o a t t r a c t tu n a and s i m i l a r s p e c ie s o f f i s h t h a t fe e d on them .
On d a rk n i g h t s , th e f i s h s h e l t e r i s p r o v id e d w it h l i g h t s t o a t t r a c t th e f i s h . I t i s checked r e g u l a r l y t o a s c e r t a in w h e th e r th e s c h o o l o f f i s h i s la r g e enough t o w a rr a n t i t s c a p t u r e .
I f , upon in s p e c t io n , th e q u a n t i t y o f f i s h i s fo u n d t o be c o n s id e r a b le , th e m a s te r fis h e rm a n i s im m e d ia te ly n o t i f i e d and he in fo r m s h is
f i s h i n g crew abo u t th e o p e r a tio n t o be c o n d u c te d . The n e t i s th e n p re p a re d f o r s e t t i n g .
The a n ch o r ro p e o f th e f i s h s h e l t e r is d ise n g a g e d fro m th e r a f t and a llo w e d t o d r i f t c le a r o f th e a n ch o r l i n e . The n e t i s payed o u t i n a c i r c l e aroun d th e f i s h s h e l t e r and h a u lin g f o llo w s th e p ro c e d u re d e s c r ib e d above.
A f t e r each h a u lin g o p e r a t io n , th e f i s h s h e l t e r i s towed back and s e c u re d t o i t s a nch or ro p e .
SYSTEM OF SHARING PROCEEDS FROM THE CATCH As f o r o t h e r ty p e s o f f i s h i n g g e a r, th e t r a d i t i o n a l p r a c t ic e o f s h a r in g th e income o f a s m a ll r i n g n e t f i s h i n g o p e r a tio n has up t o th e p r e s e n t been adopted by F i l i p i n o fis h e rm e n . The s h a r in g scheme, ho w e ve r, may d i f f e r s l i g h t l y
fro m one p la c e t o a n o th e r o r i n acco rd a n ce w ith th e agreem ent between th e f i s h i n g b o a t o p e r a to r and th e f i s h i n g c re w s.
F i r s t , th e t o t a l e x p e n d itu r e in c u r r e d d u r in g th e f i s h i n g o p e r a tio n , such as c ru d e o i l , g a s o lin e , l u b r i c a n t s , s u b s is te n c e o f th e crew members and m is c e lla n e o u s expenses, i s d ed ucte d
fro m th e g ro s s e a rn in g s d e r iv e d fro m th e s a le o f th e c a tc h . The n e t p ro ce e d s a re th e n d iv id e d i n t o two e q u a l p a r t s between th e f i s h i n g b o a t o p e r a to r and th e crew members.
The sh a re o f th e o p e r a to r i s most o f t e n used f o r th e upkeep o f th e f i s h i n g o u t f i t and i t s e q u ip m e n t, payment o f lo a n a m o r t iz a t io n o r as a r e t u r n f o r h i s c a p i t a l in v e s t m e n t as th e case may be.
The sh a re o f th e crew members, on th e o t h e r han d, i s d iv id e d among them as payment f o r th e work done d u r in g th e f i s h i n g o p e r a t io n . The number o f sh a re s f o r each fis h e rm a n v a r ie s
a c c o rd in g t o h i s p o s i t i o n o r th e n a tu r e o f th e work u n d e rta k e n d u r in g th e o p e r a tio n .
An example o f th e s h a r in g scheme g e n e r a lly fo llo w e d by crew members o f a s m a ll r i n g n e t f i s h i n g e s ta b lis h m e n t i s g iv e n b e lo w :
No. o f Crew Members
D e s ig n a tio n / P o s it io n
Number o f sh a re s
1 M a s te rfis h e rm a n 2 sh a re s p lu s 15%
o f th e o p e r a t o r 's sh a re
2 M a rin e e n g in e e rs 2 s h a re s each
2 D iv e rs 1¼ sh a re s each
p lu s 5% o f th e o p e r a t o r 's sh a re 4 Net o p e ra to r s 1¼ s h a re s each
1 Cook 1¼ sh a re s
1 S e rv ic e "b a n c a "
o p e r a to r 1¼ sh a re s
7 O r d in a r y fis h e rm e n 1¼ sh a re s each T o t a l 18
When th e f i s h has been ca u g h t th ro u g h th e a id o f a f i s h s h e l t e r o r a li g h t e d " b a n c a " , one- t h i r d o f th e v a lu e o f th e t o t a l c a tc h o r g ro s s e a rn in g s fro m th e s a le o f f i s h i s s e t a s id e as th e sh a re o f th e owner o f th e f i s h s h e l t e r o r o p e r a to r o f th e li g h t e d " b a n c a " . As f o r th e re m a in in g t w o - t h ir d s s h a re o f th e c a tc h o r g ro s s e a rn in g s fro m s a le s , a s i m i l a r p ro c e d u re as d e s c r ib e d above i s f o llo w e d , i . e . , th e o p e r a tin g expenses a re d e d u cte d and th e n e t income i s s h a re d .
T a b le 4 g iv e s th e re c o rd e d c a tc h o f a t y p i c a l s m a ll r i n g n e t f i s h i n g o u t f i t , in c lu d in g th e volum e and g ro s s s a le s o f th e c a tc h by
s p e c ie s o f f i s h .
T a b le 4 . Recorded c a tc h o f a t y p i c a l s m a ll r in g n e t f i s h i n g o u t f i t .
Month (1983)
Number of days in operation
Volume of catch (kg)
Gross Sales of Catch ( i n Pesos)
Species of fis h
January 7 4,454.0 ₱ 14,393.00 Frigate tuna, round
scad, yellow f in tuna
February 18 16,457.0 51,446.00 Frigate tuna, round
scad, slipmouth
March 14 8,372,0 25,138.00 Frigate tuna, h a lf
beak, slipmouth
April 17 16,059.0 40,756.00 Frigate tuna,
sardi ne/herring
May 17 4,658.0 16,441.00 Frigate tuna,
slipmouth
June 17 266.0 956.00 Frigate tuna,
Spanish mackerel
July * - - - -
August 13 48.4 252.00 Sard i ne/herring,
m ullet
September 20 256.0 1, 261.00 Frigate tuna,
garfish
October ** - - - -
November 4 193.5 1,679.00 Frigate tuna
December 3 64.5 451.00 Frigate tuna
TOTAL 130 50,828.4 ₱ 152,773.00
* No fis h in g operation. Fishing boat was dry docked.
* * No fis h in g operation owing to adverse weather conditions and off-seasonal occurrence of fis h .
LIST OF SAFIS EXTENSION MANUALS
SEC/SM/1 Khumua lia n g p la namcheut (F re s h w a te r F is h F a rm in g : How t o B e g in ) ,
( o r i g i n a l : E n g lis h ; t r a n s la t e d : T h a i) SEC/SM/2 O y s te r C u lt u r e ( o r i g i n a l : Bahasa M a la y s ia ;
t r a n s la t e d : E n g lis h )
SEC/SM/3 M ussel C u lt u r e ( o r i g i n a l : Bahasa M a la y s ia ; t r a n s la t e d : E n g lis h )
SEC/SM/4 Ang pagpuna ug p a g ta p a k sa p u k o t (Net Mending and P a tc h in g ) , ( o r i g i n a l : E n g lis h ; t r a n s la t e d : C e buan o-B isaya )
SEC/SM/5 M ussel F arm ing ( o r i g i n a l : E n g lis h )
SEC/SM/6 M e n te rn a k Ik a n A ir t a w a r (F re s h w a te r F is h F a rm in g : How to B e g in ) , ( o r i g i n a l : E n g lis h ; t r a n s la t e d : Bahasa M a la y s ia )
SEC/SM/7 Makanan dan Pemakanan Udang H a rim a u, Penaeus monodon ( N u t r i t i o n and F eeding o f Sugpo, Penaeus monodon) , ( o r i g i n a l :
E n g lis h ; t r a n s la t e d : Bahasa M a la y s ia ) SEC/SM/8 M acro bra chiu m C u lt u r e ( o r i g i n a l : T h a i;
t r a n s la t e d : E n g lis h )
SEC/SM/9 S e le c t io n o f M a rin e Sh rim p f o r C u ltu r e ( o r i g i n a l : T h a i; t r a n s l a t e d : E n g lis h ) SEC/SM/10 Induced B re e d in g o f T h a i S i l v e r Carp ( o r i g i n a l : T h a i; t r a n s la t e d : E n g lis h )
SEC/SM/11 C u lt u r e o f Sea Bass ( o r i g i n a l : T h a i;
t r a n s l a t e d : E n g lis h )
SEC/SM/12 S m o k e -c u rin g o f F is h ( o r i g i n a l : E n g lis h ) SEC/SM/13 C o c k le C u lt u r e ( o r i g i n a l : E n g lis h )
SEC/SM/14 N et Mending and P a tc h in g ( o r i g i n a l : E n g lis h ) SEC/SM/15 K a n lia n g hoy m alangphu (M ussel F a rm in g ),
( o r i g i n a l : E n g lis h ; t r a n s la t e d : T h a i) SEC/SM/16 N u rs e ry Management o f Prawns ( o r i g i n a l :
Bahasa In d o n e s ia ; t r a n s la t e d : E n g lis h ) SEC/SM/17 C u lt u r e o f S u lta n F is h (L e p to b a rb u s
h o e v e n ii) , ( o r i g i n a l : Bahasa M a la y s ia ; t r a n s l a t e d : E n g lis h )
SEC/SM/18 The Use o f th e T r a d i t i o n a l D ry in g Method and S o la r D r ie r f o r C ro a k e r, M u lle t and H e r r in g ( o r i g i n a l : E n g lis h )
SEC/SM/19 Shrim p C u lt u r e ( o r i g i n a l : T h a i; t r a n s la t e d : E n g lis h )
SEC/SM/20 Rok P la a ( F is h D is e a s e s ), ( o r i g i n a l : E n g lis h ; t r a n s la t e d : T h a i)
SEC/SM/21 K a n lia n g phomae pan kung kuladam (B ro o d s to c k o f Sugpo, Penaeus monodon, F a b r i c i u s ) ,
( o r i g i n a l : E n g lis h ; t r a n s la t e d : T h a i) SEC/SM/22 N a kakaing K ru s ta s y o ng P i l i p i n a s ( F ie l d
G uide t o E d ib le C ru s ta c e a o f th e P h i l i p p i n e s ) , ( o r i g i n a l : E n g lis h ; t r a n s la t e d : T a g a lo g )
SEC/SM/23 Khumua k a n lia n g p la a n a i k ra s a n g t h i S in g a p o re la e In d o n e s ia ( F lo a t in g N e t- cage F is h F an nin g i n S in g a p o re and I n d o n e s ia ) , ( o r i g i n a l : E n g lis h ; t r a n s la t e d : T h a i)
SEC/SM/24 S m a ll Ring N et F is h in g ( o r i g i n a l : E n g lis h )
SAFIS
0 What i s SAFIS?
SAFIS i s th e S o u th e a s t A s ia n F is h e r ie s I n fo r m a tio n S e r v ic e . I t i s a p r o je c t o f th e SEAFDEC S e c r e t a r ia t s e t up to p r o v id e e x te n s io n m a t e r ia ls f o r
s m a ll- s c a le fis h e rm e n and f i s h fa rm e rs i n th e r e g io n .
0 What a re i t s o b je c tiv e s ?
The im m e d ia te o b je c t iv e s a re to c o l l e c t and c o m p ile f i s h e r i e s e x te n s io n m a n u a ls, b ro c h u re s , p a m p h le ts and r e la t e d a id s f o r s m a ll- s c a le f i s h e r i e s d e ve lo p m e n t, and t o t r a n s l a t e s e le c te d l i t e r a t u r e i n t o l o c a l la n g u a g e s f o r d i s t r i b u t i o n t o f i s h e r i e s e x te n s io n w o rk e rs i n S o u th e a s t A s ia .
0 What s e r v ic e s w i l l SAFIS p ro v id e ?
SAFIS w i l l a tte m p t t o p r o v id e in f o r m a t io n and p u b li c a t i o n s such as:
l i s t s o f a v a i la b le t e x t s i n f i s h e r i e s e x te n s io n s e r v ic e s , t r a n s l a t i o n o f s u i t a b le m anuals, - m anuals o f a p p r o p r ia t e te c h n o lo g ie s , - p h o to c o p ie s o f a p p r o p r ia t e
f i s h e r i e s e x te n s io n l i t e r a t u r e , a c u r r e n t aw areness s e r v ic e o f r e g io n a l f i s h e r i e s .
0 How much w i l l th e s e s e r v ic e s c o s t?
A n o m in a l fe e o f US $ 0 .1 5 p e r page w i l l be charged f o r p h o to c o p y in g , h a n d lin g , and s u r fa c e m a il. A i r m a i l
c o s ts w i l l be e x t r a . The p u b l i c a t i o n c o s t p e r manual w i l l v a r y a c c o rd in g t o th e book.
SAFIS i s g r a t e f u l f o r f i n a n c i a l s u p p o rt r e c e iv e d fro m th e
I n t e r n a t i o n a l Developm ent
Research C e n tre (IDRC) o f Canada.