SUMMARY 2010 II

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STATISTICAL SUMMARY

AN OVERVIEW OF THE FISHERY SECTOR OF SOUTHEAST ASIA IN 2010

I. THE FISHERIES SECTOR

Fisheries and aquaculture products are globally important as primary sources of protein food for many peoples in the world. Although 11 countries comprise the Southeast Asian region, namely: Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Timor-Leste, Thailand, and Vietnam, the scope of this publication covers only ten of the Southeast Asian countries in view of the unavailability of fishery statistics and information from Timor-Leste.

Worldwide, the trend of fishery production from both capture fisheries and aquaculture (Table 1) had been increasing steadily from 2006 to 2009 at an average increase of 1.9% annually but an increase of about 14% could be noted from 2009 to 2010. This situation could imply that the initiatives of many countries in promoting the sustainable development of fisheries have already been generating tangible results. While Asia (including Southeast Asia) had been contributing considerably to the increasing world’s fishery production more particularly during the past 5 years, in 2010 Asia’s fishery production accounted for about 72% of the total global production, which was the highest so far. This feat could be reflected from the efforts of the countries in the Asian region to adopt responsible fishing practices and promote sustainable management of their respective fisheries sector. Meanwhile, the contribution of the ten Southeast Asian countries to the world’s total fishery production in 2010 was about 19% or an increase of 8% from that of 2009.

Table 1. Fishery production by continent from 2006 to 2010 (million MT)

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

World* 137.1 139.8 142.3 145.1 168.4

Africa 7.9 8.1 8.4 8.3 9.1

America 25.1 24.6 24.5 23.6 20.2

Asia** 62.1 64.3 65.4 67.0 89.9

Southeast Asia*** 24.5 25.3 27.2 28.9 31.4

Europe 15.9 15.9 15.4 15.9 16.4

Oceania 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.4

* Source of main data: FAO FishStat Plus-Universal Software for Fishery Statistical Time Series ** Excludes Southeast Asia

*** Source: Fishery Statistical Bulletin of Southeast Asia (SEAFDEC, 2010)

Specifically, the total fishery production of the Southeast Asian region (Table 2) had continuously increased

from 2006 to 2010 in terms of volume and value. In terms of volume, the annual average increase from 2006

to 2010 was 6% while the increase was 20% annually in terms of value. This could mean that in addition to

increasing their volume of production, countries in the Southeast Asian region must have been producing

high value commodities from fisheries and aquaculture. By country, Indonesia reported the highest fishery

production in 2010 in terms of volume which accounted for about 37.0% of the total fishery production

of Southeast Asia, followed by Philippines contributing about 16.4% and Vietnam at 16.3%. In descending

order, Myanmar ranked next accounting for 12.4% then followed by Thailand (9.9%), Malaysia (5.8%), and

Cambodia (1.8%). Lao PDR, Singapore and Brunei Darussalam contributed the least volume to the total

fishery production of Southeast Asia in 2010. In terms of value, Indonesia also led the countries of Southeast

Asia accounting for about 36.4% of the total value of the region’s fishery production. Vietnam which came

third in terms of volume, ranked second in terms of value contributing about 17.9%, followed by Myanmar

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contributing about 15.0%. Meanwhile, Philippines which ranked second in terms of production volume came in fourth in terms of production value accounting for 11.7%. It should be noted that the value of the fishery production of Indonesia was an all time low in 2009 at an average of US$ 745/MT but this had considerably increased to about US$ 1,210/MT in 2010, which could imply that the country had recently produced good quantities of high value commodities. The trend of the fishery production by the Southeast Asian countries in 2006-2010 is shown in Fig. 1.

Table 2. Total fishery production of Southeast Asia by quantity and value (2006-2010)

Total Fishery Production 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Quantity (MT) 24,501,767 25,302,870 27,207,826 28,917,096 31,438,435 Value (US$ 1,000) 15,476,118 24,234,354 28,585,816 29,215,311 38,744,163

Fig. 1. Fishery production of the Southeast Asian countries in 2006-2010 (left: by quantity;

right: by value)

Fishery production of Southeast Asia comes from three sub-sectors, namely: marine capture fisheries, inland capture fisheries, and aquaculture. Table 3 which shows the total fishery production of the region by sub-sector in 2010 indicates that the largest portion of the production was derived from marine capture fisheries accounting for approximately 47% followed by aquaculture of about 45% and inland capture fisheries at 8% (Fig. 2). While inland capture fisheries contributed the least volume and value to the region’s total fishery production, it should be noted that the value per unit quantity of its production (US$ 1,060/

MT) came second after marine capture fisheries (US$ 1,070/MT). This could mean that the market must have already recognized the value of aquatic products harvested through inland capture fisheries.

Table 3. Fishery production (quantity and value) of Southeast Asia in 2010

Sub-sector Quantity

(MT) Value

(US$ 1,000) Value/Quantity (US$/MT)

Marine capture fisheries 14,874,445 15,898,768 1,070

Inland capture fisheries 2,377,253 2,526,476 1,060

Aquaculture 14,186,737 13,377,740 940

Total 31,874,435 31,802,984* 998

* Excluded data from Cambodia, Lao PDR and Vietnam

* Excluded data in value 2010 from Cambodia and Lao PDR

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Fig 2. Percentage of sub-sectors’ contribution to Southeast Asia’s fishery production in 2010 (left: by quantity; right: by value)

II. MARINE CAPTURE FISHERIES PRODUCTION IN SOUTHEAST ASIA

As shown in Table 4, the regional production from marine capture fisheries had been generally increasing from 2006 until 2010, although in terms of volume the annual average rate was only 1.6% compared to 11%

average increase in terms of value. This is in spite of the drop in production value in 2009 which must have been affected by the steep dive in the production value of Indonesia. However, the total production value recovered in 2010 by about 35%, which again must have been a possible impact of the large increase in the production value of Indonesia.

Table 4. Production from marine capture fisheries by quantity and value in Southeast Asia from 2006 to

2010

Marine Fishery Production 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Quantity (MT) 13,938,748 14,056,985 13,814,368 14,140,387 14,874,445 Value (US$ 1,000) 9,100,292 10,422,912 12,338,215 10,416,661 15,898,768

In 2010, Indonesia remained the largest producer accounting for 33.8% of the region’s total production volume from marine capture fisheries, followed by Philippines contributing 16.3%, Vietnam (15.0%), Myanmar (13.8%), Thailand (10.9%), and Malaysia (9.6%). In terms of value, Indonesia still led the bunch of producing countries contributing about 41.2% to the region’s total production value from marine capture fisheries. Myanmar came next accounting for 21.4% then by Philippines (15.9%), Malaysia (12.7%), and then by Thailand (8.7%). Vietnam did not provide data on the value of its production from marine capture fisheries. The region’s top producing countries in marine capture fisheries in terms of volume in 2010, are indicated in Fig. 3.

Fig. 3. Marine capture fisheries production in 2010 (MT)

In aggregating the production from marine capture fisheries by commodity groups, the results showed that marine fishes provided the highest production in 2010 (Table 5) accounting for about 76.4%, while the crustacean group contributed 4.1%, and the mollusk group 3.5%.

Except for the mollusk group, production in

2010 of the other groups had been decreasing,

especially marine fishes which decreased

by about 10% from that of 2009 while the

crustacean group by about 16% from the

corresponding production in 2009.

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Table 5. Production of major commodity groups from marine capture fisheries in Southeast Asia (2006-

2010)

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Marine fishes 10,763,001 12,396,854 12,510,689 12,509,592 11,364,304

Crustaceans 621,568 787,943 738,780 715,624 615,705

Mollusks 601,646 841,372 524,547 490,778 516,264

Total marine capture fisheries

production (MT) 13,938,748 14,056,985 13,814,368 14,140,387 14,874,445

Comparing the total fisheries production in 2010 with that of 2009, it can be observed that the decreased production of the marine fishes group could have been the result of the decreased production of Indonesia in various major commodities such as the stolephorus anchovies in fishing area 57

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and 71

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, kawakawa (57 and 71), and narrow-barred Spanish mackerel (57), scad nei (Decapteus spp.), short mackerel (Rastrelliger

brachysoma), and marine fishes nei fishing area 57. In addition, the Philippine production of major marine

fishes also decreased considerably, especially for sardinellas nei, frigate tuna, stolephorus anchovies, yellowfin tuna, and skipjack tuna. Notably, the decreasing production of Rastrelliger spp. of Malaysia (57) and Thailand (71) could have also contributed to the abovementioned overall decreasing trend. Moreover, with respect to the marine fishes nei, the production of Indonesia and Myanmar in fishing area 71 also decreased.

Moreover, the decreased production of major crustacean groups in 2010 compared with those of 2009 could have been brought about by decreases in the production of the blue swimming crab of Thailand in fishing area 71, Scylla seratta production of Indonesia in 57, and Penaeus monodon production of Indonesia in 57 and that of Thailand in 57 and 71. Meanwhile, the increased production of the mollusks group in 2010 from that in 2009 could have been the result of increased production of the blood cockle, hard clams and other bivalves.

Table 6. Ten major 10 marine species caught in the region in 2010 (left by quantity; right by value)

Common name Quantity

(MT) Ratio (%) Misc. fishes 2,975,262 20.00

Scad nei 626,422 4.20

Sardinellas nei 567,593 3.82

Skipjack tuna 565,688 3.80

Indian mackerel 354,902 2.39

Short mackerel 331,822 2.23

Frigate tuna 285,806 1.92

Yellowfin tuna 281,227 1.89

Threadfin breams nei 278,883 1.87 Stolephorus anchovies 274,514 1.84

Common name Value

(US$ 1,000) Ratio

(%) Value³ per MT

Misc. fishes 4,232,002 26.62 1,420

Skipjack tuna 632,973 3.98 1,120

Scad nei 582,665 3.66 930

Yellowfin tuna 493,261 3.32 1,755

Short mackerel 445,301 2.80 1,340

Natantia decapods nei 435,408 2.70 3,140

Common squids nei 428,522 2.70 1,855

Other mackerels 422,621 2.66 3,705

Stolophorus anchovies 331,995 2.09 1,210

Frigate tuna 319,926 2.01 1,120

1 Fishing area 57 covers the marine fishing areas of Myanmar, Thailand (Indian Ocean), Malaysia (West Coast of Pinnisular Malaysia), and Indonesia (Malacca Striat, West Sumatra and South Java, Bali-Nusa Tenggara)

2 Fishing area 71 covers the marine fishing areas of Thailand (Gulf of Thailand), Cambodia, Vietnam (Southwest and Southest), Malaysia (East Coast of Pinnisular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak), Singapore, Brunei Darussalam, Philippines (Luzon, Visayas, Mindanao), and Indonesia (East Sumatra, North Java, Bali-Nusa Tenggara, South-West Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, South Sulawesi, North Sulawesi, Maluku-Papua)

3 Value in US$ per metric ton of production

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Table 6 shows the top ten commodities that provided sizeable contributions to the total production from

marine capture fisheries (by quantity and value) in Southeast Asia in 2010. Miscellaneous marine fishes contribute the highest volume (20.0%) to the region’s total production from marine capture fisheries and the same commodity group also accounts for the highest value (26.7%). Meanwhile, skipjack tuna which contributed 3.8% to the total production volume (ranked fourth highest) accounted for 4.0% of the total production value (ranked the second highest).

It should be noted that in terms of value per metric ton of production, the data in Table 6 also suggests that the value of other Rastrelliger mackerels is the highest among the commodities harvested through marine capture fisheries at US$ 3,705/MT followed by Natantia decapods at US$ 3,140/MT and common squids at US$ 1,855/MT. While the value of yellowfin tuna was US$ 1,755/MT, skipjack tuna and frigate tuna were valued at US$ 1,120/MT. Miscellaneous marine fishes which contributed the highest volume in 2010 is valued at US$ 1,420/MT, short mackerels at US$ 1,340/MT, stelophorus anchovies at US$ 1,210/MT, and scads at US$ 930/MT.

III. INLAND CAPTURE FISHERIES PRODUCTION IN SOUTHEAST ASIA

Capture fisheries production from inland waters has been generally increasing and its reported growth from 2006 to 2009 had been remarkable although it slightly declined in 2010. The total inland capture fisheries production of the region in 2010 was reported to be 2,377,253 MT accounting for about 8% of the region’s total fishery production. However, it is noteworthy to recognize that the compilation and reporting of production from inland capture fisheries had been particularly weak and need improvement while the data that had been reported were found to be insufficient in terms of quantity and species composition. Moreover, it is a common fact that catches by rural community members who comprise the main users of the inland resources, are consumed locally and are not usually reported in the national statistics. Accordingly, the figures on the total catch from inland capture fisheries provided in this publication could be considered as indicative only.

Country Inland capture production (MT)

Total capture production (MT)

% of inland capture production to total capture production

Total fishery production (MT)

% of inland capture fisheries production to total fishery production

Brunei Darussalam ... 2,351 - 2,772 -

Cambodia 405,000 490,000 82.65 550,000 73.63

Indonesia 344,972 5,384,388 6.41 11,662,311 2.96

Lao PDR 30,900 30,900 100 113,000 27.34

Malaysia 4,545 1,433,426 0.32 1,806,577 0.25

Myanmar 1,002,430 3,051,020 38.41 3,901,979 25.69

Philippines 185,046 2,609,882 7.09 5,155,647 3.59

Singapore ... 1,732 - 5,233 -

Thailand 209,800 1,827,199 11.48 3,113,316 6.74

Vietnam 194,200 2,420,800 8.02 5,127,600 3.79

Total 2,377,253 17,251,698 13.78 31,438,445 7.56

Table 7. Contribution of inland capture fisheries to total fishery production in 2010

While eight countries have been reporting the information on catch from inland capture fisheries, only five

have reported their corresponding production values. Thus, the actual regional production trend of the inland

capture fisheries sector could not be established as of the moment. Myanmar had been consistently the

top producer with stable inland catches from 2006 until 2010, where its catch from inland capture fisheries

accounted for about 38.4% of the country’s total capture fisheries production, 25.7% of the country’s total

fisheries production, and 3.2% of the region’s total fisheries production (Table 7). Cambodia came in as

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the second highest producer with its production volume of 405,000 MT in 2010 representing 82.7% of the country’s production from inland fisheries, 73.6% of the country’s total fisheries production, and 1.3% of the region’s total fisheries production. However, as mentioned elsewhere in this publication, such production volume could not be confirmed as of the moment considering that there is a need to improve the collection and compilation of fisheries statistics in the country especially with regards to its inland capture fisheries.

Moreover, the production data from inland capture fisheries of Lao PDR is something to be reckoned with since all its production from capture fisheries is derived from inland fisheries. In this regard, assistance is being sought from concerned agencies and organizations for the improvement of the collection and compilation of fisheries statistics in Lao PDR in order to establish the real picture of the fisheries sector of the country. Meanwhile, the fisheries production from inland capture fisheries of Myanmar, Cambodia and Vietnam in 2010 could not be analyzed in terms of species composition since the species breakdown had not been reported. Nevertheless, production of Indonesia as the region’s third highest producer comprised mainly the striped snakehead (Chana striata) which accounts for about 9.9% of the country’s total production from inland capture fisheries. As shown in Table 8, from among the top ten major species harvested through inland capture fisheries in the region in 2010, striped snakehead gave the highest production accounting for 2.6% of the region’s total inland capture fisheries followed by freshwater mollusks (2.6%), Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), silver barb (Barbonymus gonionotus) and so on. Furthermore, it should be noted that although the reported production of giant freshwater river prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) in 2010 could be relatively low at 10,798 MT but the value per metric ton of production was the highest at US$

4,740/MT followed by the Asian redtail catfish at US$ 2,280/MT and striped snakehead at US$ 1,970/MT.

Table 8. Ten major inland species caught in the region in 2010 (left by quantity; right by value)

Common name Quantity

(MT) Ratio (%)

Misc. fish 1,579,564 66.44

Striped snakehead 62,023 2.61 Freshwater mollusks nei 61,497 2.59

Nile tilapia 55,645 2.34

Silver barb 45,662 1.92

Tilapia nei 44,896 1.89

Snakeskin gourami 31,559 1.33 Torpedo-shaped

catfishes nei 29,796 1.25

Cyprinids nei 27,136 1.41

Climbing perch 26,456 1.11

Common name Value

(US$ 1,000) Ratio

(%) Value⁴ per MT

Misc. fish 1,671,350 66.15 1,060

Striped snakehead 122,085 4.83 1,970

Nile tilapia 73,298 2.90 1,370

Tilapia nei 53,324 2.11 1,190

Silver barb 52,845 2.09 1,160

Giant river prawn 51,200 2.03 4,740

Torpedo-shaped

catfishes nei 45,721 1.81 1,535

Climbing perch 44,861 1.77 1,695

Asian redtail catfish 32,948 1.30 2,280

Snakeskin gourami 32,405 1.28 1,025

IV. AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION IN SOUTHEAST ASIA

In 2010, the total region’s production from aquaculture accounted for about 45.1% of the region’s total fisheries production in terms of volume and 34.5% in terms of value. Aquaculture production comes from three environments, namely: marine, brackishwater, and freshwater.

In terms of volume, aquaculture in marine areas or better known as mariculture contributed 52.0% to the region’s total aquaculture production while culture in brackishwater areas or brackishwater culture contributed 21.0%, and the remaining 27.0% came from freshwater culture (Fig. 4). However, in terms of value, brackishwater culture production contributed the highest at 49.0% followed by freshwater culture production at 31.0% and mariculture production at 20%.

4 Value in US$ per metric ton of production

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Fig. 4. Percentage of aquaculture production by sub-sector in 2010 (left by quantity; right by value)

From 2006 to 2010, the total production from aquaculture in Southeast Asia steadily increased at the rate of about 12% per year (Fig 5), the highest annual increase of about 17% was recorded between 2007 and 2008, which could have been a result of the sudden rise of the aquaculture production of Indonesia and Vietnam during the same period, while such production trend continued to increase from 2007 until 2010.

Except for the aquaculture production of Brunei Darussalam and Singapore which had been decreasing, production from aquaculture of the other Southeast Asian countries continued to increase, although that of Thailand considerably decreased in 2010.

The aquaculture production of Indonesia as the largest producer in 2010 from aquaculture contributed 44.3%

in production volume and 52.2% in production value, to the region’s total production from aquaculture.

The country’s aquaculture production comes mainly from the Eucheuma seaweeds (Eucheuma spp.) which accounted for about 54.2% of its aquaculture production. In the case of Vietnam, which was the second highest aquaculture producer of the region in 2010, its production accounted for about 19.1% of the region’s total aquaculture production. The Philippines which ranked third in terms of aquaculture production had Zanzibar weeds (Euchema cottonii) as one of its major products which accounted for 58.8% of the country’s production from aquaculture followed by milkfish (Chanos chanos) at 10.3%, and the Elkhorm sea moss (Kappaphycus alvarezeii) at 6.7%.

In the case of Thailand, its major aquaculture product was the whiteleg shrimps (Penaeus

vannamei) which accounted for 43.6% of the

country’s total aquaculture production followed by Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) at 13.9%, green mussel (Perna viridis) at 13.0%, catfish hybrid (Clarias gariepinus x C. macrocephalus) at 9.1%, and blood cockle (Anadara granosa) at 5.8%. For Myanmar, its main aquaculture product is roho labeo (Labeo rohita) which accounted for 64.2%

of the country’s production from aquaculture, followed by catla (Catla catla) at 5.5%, giant tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon) at 5.4%, tilapia nei (Oreochromis spp.) at 4.6%, and mrigal carp Fig. 5. Aquaculture production of the Southeast Asian

countries from 2006 to 2010

(Cirrhinus mrigala) at 3.7% of the country’s total aquaculture production. As mentioned earlier, aquaculture

production of Thailand had decreased in 2010 compared with that of its production of 2009 which could

have been brought about by decreases in the production mainly of the whiteleg shrimp (by almost 30%),

green mussel, catfishes, and in Nile tilapia production.

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In terms of value per volume of aquaculture production in 2010, Brunei Darussalam attained the highest average value at US$11,760/MT followed by Singapore at US$ 4,245/MT, Thailand at US$ 2,200/MT, Malaysia at US$ 2,125/MT, Indonesia at US$ 1,110/MT, Myanmar at US$ 1,080/MT, and the Philippines at US$ 720/MT. It should be noted that in 2009, the average value of the aquaculture production of Brunei Darussalam was US$ 1,440/MT while that of Singapore was US$ 2,465/MT. The production value per metric ton of Vietnam’s production could not be calculated as the country’s total production value in 2010 was not reported, but the country’s production value per metric ton volume in 2009 was about US$ 1,915/MT.

It should be recalled that in 2009, mariculture production accounted for 40% of the total production from aquaculture in terms of volume, while brackishwater culture production accounted for 22% and freshwater culture production at 27%. In terms of value, mariculture contributed 14% to the value of the total aquaculture production, brackishwater culture production at 45%, and freshwater culture production at 41%. This means that in terms of volume, production from mariculture in 2010 increased by about 23%

from that of 2009 which could be brought about by the increased production of seaweeds by Indonesia, while those from brackishwater culture and freshwater culture had decreased. In terms of value, those from mariculture and brackishwater culture had increased but the value of production from freshwater culture had considerably decreased.

4.1 Mariculture

In 2010, the region’s total production from mariculture contributed about 52.0% to the region’s total production volume from aquaculture and 20.4% to the region’s total aquaculture production value. In terms of volume, Euchema seaweeds (Euchema spp.) which was mainly produced by Indonesia accounted for about 59.0% of the total production from mariculture, followed by the Zanzibar weeds (Euchema cottonii) as main products of the Philippines which accounted for 26%, green mussel (Perna viridis) mainly produced by Thailand at 3.0%, and blood cockle (Anadara granosa) as main mariculture product of Malaysia at 3% (Fig. 6).

In terms of value of the aquaculture production, Euchema seaweeds contributed by 42.0% of the total value of mariculture products followed by the penguin wing oyster (Pteria penguin) which was mainly produced in Indonesia accounting for 31.0%. In addition, Zanzibar weeds (Euchema cottonii) provided 9%, marine fishes at 8%, other crabs at 5%, blood cockle at 3%, and green mussel at 1% to the total value of the region’s mariculture production (Fig 6).

Fig. 6. Mariculture production in 2010 by major species (left by quantity; right by value)

Mariculture production by country and by species indicated that Indonesia contributed the largest amount

of aquatic plants production through the Euchema seaweeds (Euchema spp.) followed by the Philippine

production of the Zanzibar weeds (Euchema cottonii). The other countries shared the production volume of

the other species such as green mussels by Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand; miscellaneous

fishes by Vietnam and Cambodia; Elkhorm moss (Kappaphycus alvarezii) by the Philippines, blood cockle

by Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand; spiny Eucheuma (Eucheuma denticulatum) by the Philippines; and

other oysters by Thailand.