Proceedings of the ASEAN-SEAFDEC Regional Meeting on Fish Trade and Environment, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Bangkok, Thailand. The meeting was launched as part of the Cooperation Program on Fish Trade and Environment under the ASEAN-SEAFDEC Fisheries Consultative Group (FCG) mechanism.
REVIEW OF THE OUTCOMES OF THE 1999 SEAFDEC
4 Meeting on International Fish Trade and Environmental Issues and Regional Technical Consultation on Fish Trade in the ASEAN Region. 11 Regional Proposal for the Implementation of the International Action Plan for the Conservation and Management of Sharks.
1999, and the regional technical consultation (RTC) on fish trade in the ASEAN region organized as preparatory meeting for the ASEAN-SEAFDEC Millennium Conference. The Assembly confirmed the conclusion and recommendations of the 1999 SEAFDEC Preparatory Meeting on Issues of International Fish Trade and Environment as well as the Regional Technical Consultation on Fish Trade in the ASEAN Region.
The SEAFDEC Secretariat made a brief introduction on the issues of sea turtle bycatch based on the responses of ASEAN member countries through questionnaires. The meeting suggested that ASEAN-SEAFDEC training programs on antibiotic residue detection should be developed.
The outcomes of these assessments should be appropriately collected and disseminated to raise awareness of the importance of marine turtle conservation. ASEAN and SEAFDEC member countries reiterated that a comprehensive marine turtle conservation program is most effective for sea turtle conservation.
Narumol Thapthim (Ms.) e-mail: [email protected] Matinee Boonyintu (Ms.) e-mail: [email protected] Anongnard Denrassameethep (Ms.) e-mail: [email protected]. With this ladies and gentlemen, I would like to declare this Regional Meeting on Fish Trade and the Environment open.
AGENDA
MEETINGS ON ISSUES OF INTERNATIONAL FISH TRADE AND
- INTRODUCTION
- ASEAN-SEAFDEC COLLABORATIVE PROGRAM ON FISH TRADE AND ENVIRONMENT
- REGIONAL ISSUES OF FISH TRADE AND THEIR CONTEXT
- CONCLUSION
As adopted at the Millennium Conference, the following is the resolution and plan of action related to fish trade in the ASEAN region. This will promote effective conservation and management of fisheries to ensure sustainable fish trade in the region.
INTRODUCTION OF TRADE RELATED ISSUES
- GENERAL INFORMATION
- Biology and characteristics of sharks
- Utilization and importance o f sharks
- MAJOR INTERNATIONAL AND DOMESTIC ISSUES ON SHARK FISHERIES
- Unregulated and unmonitored trade
- By-catch and utilization o f sharks
- Lack of research and development programs
- Absence o f national management measures and plans
- INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENT FOR THE CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF SHARKS
- PRELIMINARY INFORMATION AND ASSESSMENT OF SHARK FISHERIES IN THE ASEAN AND SEAFDEC M EM BER COUNTRIES
- Brunei Darussalam
- Cambodia
- Indonesia
- Malaysia
- Myanmar
- Philippines
- Thailand
- Vietnam
- CONCLUSION
Gestation time can be long (two years) and the number of offspring can reach 300 (e.g. whale shark) or be limited to one (e.g. other effective mechanisms and strategies to obtain relevant data and information on sharks are also insufficient and lacking.
REVIEW OF SHARK FISHERIES IN THE ASEAN REGION
- BIODIVERSITY AND TAXONOMY
- Indonesia
- Malaysia
- Philippines
- Thailand
- Brunei Darussalam
- Vietnam, Singapore, Cambodia and Myanmar
- DISTRIBUTION OF FISHERY AND THE HARVESTING PROCESS 1 Indonesia
- Malaysia
- Thailand
- Philippines
- Brunei Darussalam
- THE TRADE OF SHARKS AND SHARKS PRODUCTS IN ASEAN REGION Production and trade data are useful in highlighting important markets and uses for shark
- Singapore
- Malaysia
- Thailand
- Philippines
- Indonesia
- LEGISLATION
- CONCLUSION
Indonesia has significantly increased its elasmobranch catch from 1,000 tonnes in 1950 to 95,600 tonnes in 1997, representing 12.1% of the world's total chondrychthian catch. The entrails (ie the stomach, intestines and heart) of the shark are now cooked as viand, a local favorite dish. In the Philippines, the whale shark is now a protected species under the Fishery Administration (Order 193) since 1998.
SHARK FISHERY IN TAIWAN
- THE STATUS OF SHARK FISHERY IN TAIWAN
- FISHING METHODS AND SPECIES HARVESTED IN TAIWAN
- PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION OF SHARKS IN TAIWAN
- RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT OF SHARKS IN TAIWAN
- OUTLOOK
Carefully noting the use of shark resources, great attention has been paid by the government to the assessment and management of shark resources and research on shark-related ecology. It is hoped that through improved scientific research on shark resources a database of shark resources will be established to provide the government with a basis for shark management. In 2002, the government is also planning to establish a TAC for the whale shark to control the amount of catch.
GENERAL INFORMATION ON CITES
MARINE SPECIES IN CITES LIST
At COP 10 (Harare, 1997), the USA proposed that all Pristiformes should be included in Appendix I, but this was rejected. However, the proposal by Germany and the United States to include all Acipensiformes (sturgeon) in Appendix II was accepted by consensus. To date, marine species listed in CITES appendices include all stony corals in Appendix II (COP 5, Buenos Aires 1985) except the black coral, which is listed in Appendix II at COP 3 (New Delhi, 1981) and giant clams ( Tridacnidae) listed in Appendix II at COP 4 (Gaborone, 1983).
CURRENT ISSUES OF CITES REGARDING FISHERIES
The current state of knowledge about sharks and the practices used in shark fishing create problems for shark conservation and management. CITES has played a key role in collecting biological and trade data related to sharks. CITES has played an important role in highlighting the need for improved shark data collection and management and can continue to assist in the implementation of IPOA-SHARKS.
CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION
Australia's draft NPOA-Sharks, based on a comprehensive shark assessment report, will be released later this year.
OUTCOMES OF THE RECENT MEETING ON CITES
WORKING DOCUMENT AND PROPOSAL REGARDING SHARKS IN THE NEXT 12th MEETING OF THE CONFERENCE OF PARTIES TO CITES
SYNERGY AND COOPERATION BETW EEN CITES AND FAO REGARDING SHARKS
REPORT ON THE SECOND MEETING OF THE ASEAN EXPERT GROUP ON CITES RELATED TO SHARKS.
REPORT ON THE SECOND MEETING OF THE ASEAN EXPERT GROUP ON CITES RELATED TO SHARKS
Annex 10 ELASMOBRANCHS AND THE FAO
- THE INTERNATIONAL PLAN OF ACTION FOR SHARKS
- FAO ACTIVITIES ON THE UTILIZATION OF SHARKS2
- DNA STUDIES ON SHARK FIN SPECIES IDENTIFICATION5
- CASE STUDIES ON MANAGEMENT OF ELASMOBRANCH FISHERIES6 As part of the follow-up activities arising from the COFI interest in elasmobranch
- FIRM/SIDP ELASMOBRANCHES SPECIES IDENTIFICATION PUBLICATIONS 7
- FAO Species Catalogue for Fisheries Purposes .1 Sharks o f the world
- Field Guides
- FROM STRATEGY TO ACTION - SOME THINGS THAT OUGHT TO BE DONE
- Some Institutional Observations
- Some Institutional Considerations
- BACKGROUND
- SUGGESTED CONTENTS OF A SHARK ASSESSM ENT REPORT A shark assessment report should inter alia contain the following information
FAO will, as and to the extent of its conference8 and as part of its regular program activities, support States in the implementation of IPOA-SHARKS, including the preparation of Shark plans. FAO, through COFI, will report every two years on the progress in the implementation of IPOA-SHARKS. The Technical Guidelines for the Conservation and Management of Sharks, which are being developed by FAO, provide technical guidance, both on the development and implementation of the Shark Plan.
Annex 11 THE REGIONAL PROPOSAL ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF
REVIEW OF IPOA-SHARK
- Shark Fisheries in International Waters
- Shark Fisheries in National Waters
The ASEAN/SEAFDEC FCG program on "Regionalization of the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries" concluded the publication of regional guidelines on Article 8 - Fishing Activities in 1999, Article 9 - Aquaculture Development in 2001, respectively as part of the process of regional guidelines on Article 7 - Fisheries Management. In this regard, it is proposed that the preparation of the National Shark Action Plan (Shark Plan) should take place within the framework of integrated fisheries management and not be developed separately. The ASEAN Shark Plan aims to take appropriate measures for the conservation and management of sharks and their long-term sustainable use within comprehensive national fisheries management policies, plans and programmes.
SHARK PLAN
- Cooperation with Industry
- Review o f Shark Fisheries
- Ecological Information on Shark
- Use o f Shark Catch
- Improvement of the Fisheries Statistics
- Appropriate Research W ork on above
The IPOA states that it must be processed within the framework of the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries. The above Resolution 1 states "Formulate regional guidelines to implement the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries, taking into account the specific social, economic, cultural, ecological and institutional contexts and diversity of ASEAN fisheries". Finally, in support of its article 7.1.1 "States and everyone involved in fisheries management must, through an appropriate policy, legal and institutional framework, adopt measures for the long-term conservation and sustainable use of fisheries resources ".
INTRODUCTION ON BY-CATCH OF MARINE TURTLE ISSUE
- BY-CATCH OF MARINE TURTLE IN SHRIMP FISHERY
- ISSUES ON SHRIMP EMBARGO
- INFORMATION CONCERNING THE PROBLEMS AND ISSUES IN THE ASEAN MEMBER COUNTRIES
- Trade Problems relation to marine turtle by-catch
- Specific Program on marine turtle conservation and management
- Using Turtle Excluder Devices (TEDs) in shrimp trawl fishery
- Marine Turtle Hatcheries
- CONCLUSION
Recognizing the needs to conserve the turtle population and protect it from further depletion, most member states have a specific program on conservation and management of sea turtles. Sea Turtle Conservation Station at Mun-Nai Island in the Gulf of Thailand was established as a pilot project under the Queen's Project. Other member states, such as the Philippines, or Malaysia, also have ongoing programs on the conservation and management of sea turtles.
Annex 13 SHRIMP EMBARGO AND TED IMPOSITION
BACKGROUND 1 How did it happen?
- ASEAN Action to the Shrimp Embargo .1 A SE A N Steps
- APEC Forum Inputs
- Other Affected Countries Inputs
- MOU on ASEAN Sea turtle Conservation and Protection
If the US were to win in court, such countries would be delisted from the US shrimp embargo countries. So far, most of the ASEAN countries have not agreed to comply with US public law. However, none of the ASEAN countries agreed to sign such a convention on sea turtle protection and conservation with the US.
THAILAND APPROACH 1 Bilateral Negotiation
- Experiment on the TED Use in ASEAN Waters
ASEAN countries request to have the Convention for the Protection and Conservation of Sea Turtles signed with the US Embassy in the country to consider the concept of an Inter-American Convention for the Protection and Conservation of Sea Turtles. All ASEAN countries have had their own sea turtle conservation programs for more than six decades.
THAILAND AND THE CO-COMPLIANCE COUNTRIES TOOK THE U.S
TED prototypes, the Thai Department of Fisheries in collaboration with Kasetsart University, developed the "Thai TED" with the aim of better suitability and usability for local use. This Thai TED called the Thai Turtle Free Device or TTFD was also used in the experiment. An embargo means a ban or restriction on the importation of shrimp and shrimp products from Thailand.
Thailand and the co-complainants (i.e. India, Pakistan and Malaysia) allege that the US-imposed embargo on the import of shrimp and shrimp products. The scope of Article XI:1 is comprehensive and applies to all measures instituted or maintained by a Contracting Party. prohibiting or restricting the import, export or sale for export of products, with the exception of measures that eliminate duties, taxes or other charges.
The Result
REVIEW OF ASEAN MARINE TURTLE CONSERVATION
- POPULATION STATUS
- THREATS
- CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT Research
- RECOMMENDATIONS
The decline of all green turtle populations in the region has been documented in numerous reports. Many government agencies, universities and non-governmental organizations are mainly involved in research activities in the region. In general, there is still no data on local and long-range movements of sea turtles in the region.
Annex 15 REVIEW ON ANTIBIOTIC RESIDUES OF FARMED SHRIMP
- CURRENT STATUS OF ANTIBIOTIC RESIDUES PROBLEMS OF FARMED SHRIMP IN THE REGION
- PRELIMINARY INFORMATION AND ANALYSIS
According to fsainew s (May, 2002), the European Commission has issued three decisions making it mandatory to test for antibiotic residues in shrimp imports from Vietnam and Myanmar and for both shrimp and poultry imported from Thailand. Meanwhile, demand for shrimp from Japan has decreased due to the economic downturn. The ban and rejection of products from importing countries will cause a major effect on the shrimp industry in the region.
RECENT ISSUES OF SHRIMP IN INDONESIA
- SHRIMP EXPORT
- ISSUES RELATED TO TRADE
- GOVERNMENT’S EFFORT TO IMPROVE EXPORT PERFORMANCE To increase and improve the export performance, the government o f Indonesia continuously
They found that some foods produced from the EU and USA contained chloramphenicol at a dose of 0.3 - 0.5 ppb. Based on this phenomenon, Indonesia proposed a discussion paper entitled "Need for MRL for Chlorampenicol in Shrimp" during the ASEAN Codex Task Force meeting in May 2002 in Bali and during the 13th meeting of Codex Coordinating for Asia on 16 - 2 0. September 2002 in Kuala Lumpur. The US law (Section 609 of PL) essentially requires foreign shrimp harvesting methods to be the same as those imposed on US shrimp farmers by using Turtle Exclude Devices (TEDs) in commercial boats.
Annex 17 SOLUTIONS TO ELIMINATE RESIDUES OF BANNED
- Many countries ban or stipulate maximum residue limits o f antibiotics/
- The strict control o f antibiotics/chemicals in food started on the EU market in early August 2001 when a shrimp salad mixed was detected with chloramphenicol in a
- The equipment and methods to test antibiotic residues varies amongst the EU member countries since then
- The treatment rules for antibiotics-contaminated consignments are different in different countries
- ANTIBIOTICS CONTAMINATIONS PROBLEM IN FISHERIES OF VIETNAM
- Vietnam faced with antibiotics/chemicals issue
- Solutions for Vietnam
- Some results
- CONSTRAINTS AND PROPOSALS 1 Constraints
- Proposals
The EU decision on systematic checking of antibiotics in 100% consignments of shrimp and fish from Vietnam has made a big impact on the international fishing markets. The First M inister has issued an order banning the import, production and use of harmful antibiotics/chemicals in aquaculture and agriculture. Firms producing feed for fish must add control activities of antibiotics/chemicals to GMP, check antibiotics in all consignments before they are displayed for sale.
Annex 18 CLOSING ADDRESS
SEAFDEC specifically aims to develop fisheries potential in the region through training, research and information services in order to improve food supply through the rational use of fisheries resources in the region. carry out research and development in fishing gear technology, fishing area surveys, post-harvest technology and aquaculture, study problems related to marine fish handling and quality control, and conduct studies on fishery resources in the region; and. Ensure technology transfer to countries in the region and make print and non-print media available, including the publication of statistical bulletins for exchange and dissemination related to fisheries and aquaculture development.
