To access a customizable version of this book as well as other interactive content, visit www.ck12.org. Any form of reproduction of this book in any format or medium, in whole or in parts, must include the http://www.ck12.org/saythanks reference link (prominently placed) in addition to the following terms.
Chapter 1: The World of Science
Lesson 1.1 What Is Science?
Lesson 1.2 The Scope of Physical Science
Physical science is the study of matter and energy, and includes chemistry and physics. Check student mastery of the lesson with Learning Quiz 1.2 inCK-12 Physical Science for Middle School Assessments.
Lesson 2.1 Scientific Investigation
Lesson 2.2 Science Skills
Lesson 2.3 Technology
Check student mastery of the lesson with Lesson 2.2 Quiz iCK-12 Physical Science for Middle School quizzes and tests. Check student mastery of the lesson with Lesson 2.3 Quiz iCK-12 Physical Science for Middle School quizzes and tests.
Lesson 3.1 Properties of Matter
Lesson 3.2 Types of Matter
Lesson 3.3 Changes in Matter
The chemical properties of matter can only be measured or observed when the matter undergoes a chemical change to become another substance. Question: What physical properties of matter did you use to identify the objects in the bag?
Lesson 4.1 Solids, Liquids, Gases, and Plasmas
Lesson 4.2 Behavior of Gases
Lesson 4.3 Changes of State
Use the classroom activity at the following URL to introduce states of matter at the molecular level. Review case states and make changes to the state with the resources at the following URL.
Lesson 5.1 Inside the Atom
Lesson 5.2 History of the Atom
Lesson 5.3 Modern Atomic Theory
Ask students to answer the review questions listed at the end of the lesson in the FlexBook® Student Edition. Ernest Rutherford discovered the nucleus and protons and proposed the planetary model of the atom.
Lesson 6.1 How Elements Are Organized
Lesson 6.2 Classes of Elements
Lesson 6.3 Groups of Elements
Mendeleev developed the first periodic table of elements, which he based on atomic mass. Question: Find hydrogen, represented by the chemical symbol H, in the upper left corner of the periodic table. It will help students learn the chemical names of elements, which is very useful for using the periodic table.
Focus students' attention on the elements in the periodic table with one of the Periodic Table PowerPoint presentations at the URL below. The number of valence electrons increases from left to right along each period of the periodic table. How do you think the number of valence electrons compare in elements within the same column (group) of the periodic table.
Explain that a strong reaction with water is a characteristic property of all metals in group 1 of the periodic table.
Lesson 7.2 Ionic Bonds
Lesson 7.3 Covalent Bonds
Lesson 7.4 Metallic Bonds
Check students' mastery of the lesson with Lesson 7.1 Quiz inCK-12 Physical Science for Middle School Quizzes and Tests. Check students' mastery of the lesson with Lesson 7.2 Quiz inCK-12 Physical Science for Middle School Quizzes and Tests. A covalent bond is the force of attraction that holds together two atoms of the same or different non-metals that share a pair of electrons.
Demonstrate this by identifying the topic sentences of the first few paragraphs of the lesson. Check whether students have mastered the lesson with Lesson 7.3 Quiz in CK-12 Science for high school quizzes and tests. You will read in this lesson that covalent bonds can form between atoms of the same nonmetallic element.
Check that students have mastered the lesson with the Lesson 7.4 quiz in CK-12 Physical Science for Middle School Quizzes and Tests.
Chapter 8: Chemical Reactions
Lesson 8.1 Introduction to Chemical Reactions
Lesson 8.2 Chemical Equations
Lesson 8.3 Types of Chemical Reactions
Lesson 8.4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
The lab uses a closed system and introduces students to the conservation of matter in chemical reactions. In the laboratory, students perform and observe chemical reactions and identify the types of reactions they represent. Learn the basics of chemical reactions using the What is a Chemical Reaction lesson at the URL below.
A chemical equation is governed by the nature of chemical reactions and the law of conservation of mass. Show students animations of different types of chemical reactions with the short video at the first URL below. They should label a central circle "Types of Chemical Reactions" and surround it with five large circles, each labeled with a different type of reaction.
Suggest to a few creative students that they write a rap about the five types of chemical reactions.
Lesson 9.1 Properties of Carbon
Lesson 9.2 Hydrocarbons
Lesson 9.3 Carbon and Living Things
Lesson 9.4 Biochemical Reactions
You can use it to extend the content of Lesson 8.2. http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/500hydrocarbons.html. Most are aimed at high school students, but could be adapted for middle school students or used for enrichment. http://www.lessonplansinc.com/biology/grade_level/High/. The URL below contains many teacher-tested games, puzzles, videos, and other classroom resources that deal with photosynthesis. http://www.neok12.com/Photosynthesis.htm.
Check student mastery with Learning Quiz 9.1 inCK-12 Physical Science for Middle School Quizzes and Tests. Check student mastery with Learning Quiz 9.2 inCK-12 Physical Science for Middle School Quizzes and Tests. Check student mastery with Learning Quiz 9.3 inCK-12 Physical Science for Middle School Quizzes and Tests.
Check student mastery with Learning Quiz 9.4 inCK-12 Physical Science for Middle School Quizzes and Tests.
Lesson 10.1 Chemistry of Solutions
Lesson 10.2 Solubility and Concentration
Lesson 10.3 Acids and Bases
Have a small group of students play the role of solute particles and the rest of the students play the role of solvent particles. Check students' mastery with Lesson 10.1 Quiz in CK-12 Science for High School Quizzes and Tests. Have groups design and conduct a study to test the solubility of different substances in water.
They will need to learn the meaning of the mole as well as the definition of molarity. Check students' mastery of the lesson with Lesson 10.2 Quiz inCK-12 Physical Science for Middle School Quizzes and Tests. Tell students that they will understand the secret of the "invisible ink" when they learn about acids and bases in this lesson.
Check that students have mastered the lesson with Lesson 10.3 Quiz in CK-12 Science for high school quizzes and tests.
Lesson 11.1 Radioactivity
Lesson 11.2 Radioactive Decay
Lesson 11.3 Nuclear Energy
The PDF document can be found at this URL: http://www.osti.gov/speeches/doene0072.pdf. They can see if they are correct with an interactive elements page like this: http://www.webelements.com/. Check student mastery with Learning Quiz 11.1 inCK-12 Physical Science for Middle School Quizzes and Tests.
If you want, you can have the students use the Flash Jeopardy game generator at this URL below to create an online version of the game: http://www.superteachertools.com/jeopardy/. Check students' mastery of the lesson with Lesson 11.2 Quiz inCK-12 Physical Science for Middle School Quizzes and Tests. Nuclear fission is the splitting of the nucleus of an atom into two smaller nuclei.
Check students' mastery of the lesson with Lesson 11.3 Quiz inCK-12 Physical Science for Middle School Quizzes and Tests.
Lesson 12.1 Distance and Direction
Lesson 12.2 Speed and Velocity
Lesson 12.3 Acceleration
Distance is the length of the route between two points, and its SI unit is the meter. The animation illustrates how the point of view of the observer affects the perception of movement. Check students' mastery of the lesson with Lesson 12.1 Quiz inCK-12 Physical Science for Middle School Quizzes and Tests.
Check student mastery with Learning Quiz 12.2 inCK-12 Physical Science for Middle School Quizzes and Tests. Divide the class into six groups and assign each group one of the pictures in the FlexBook® lesson that demonstrates a change in speed. Within groups, have students decide how the speed is changing in the given figure (eg, the skydiver's direction does not change, but his speed increases as he falls).
Check student mastery with Learning Quiz 12.3 inCK-12 Physical Science for Middle School Quizzes and Tests.
Lesson 13.1 What Is Force?
Lesson 13.2 Friction
Lesson 13.3 Gravity
Lesson 13.4 Elastic Force
A simple quiz at the end of the module allows them to check their own understanding. Check student mastery with Learning Quiz 13.1 inCK-12 Physical Science for Middle School Quizzes and Tests. Check student mastery with Learning Quiz 13.2 inCK-12 Physical Science for Middle School Quizzes and Tests.
Ask students to compare the figures in the lesson that illustrate the projectile motion of a cannonball and the orbital motion of the moon. One of the few constant factors in evolution since life began on Earth is gravity. Check student mastery of the lesson with Lesson 13.3 Quiz iCK-12 Physical Science for Middle School quizzes and tests.
Check student mastery of the lesson with Lesson 13.4 Quiz iCK-12 Physical Science for Middle School quizzes and tests.
Lesson 14.1 Newton’s First Law
Lesson 14.2 Newton’s Second Law
Lesson 14.3 Newton’s Third Law
Newton's second law of motion states that the acceleration of an object is equal to the net force acting on the object divided by the mass of the object. Newton's third law of motion states that every action has an equal and opposite reaction. Newton's first law of motion states that the motion of an object will not change unless an unbalanced force acts on the object.
Newton's first law of motion: law that states that the motion of an object will not change unless an unbalanced force acts on the object. Have students complete one or more of the five Newton's First Law of Motion activities at the following URL. Newton's second law of motion: law that states that the acceleration of an object is equal to the net force acting on the object divided by the mass of the object.
The problems require students to apply Newton's third law of motion and the concept of momentum.
Lesson 15.1 Pressure of Fluids
Lesson 15.2 Buoyancy of Fluids
With the research lab at the following URL, students will design an experiment that demonstrates Bernoulli's Law. Pascal's law states that a change in pressure at any point in a confined fluid is transmitted equally throughout the fluid. Bernoulli's law states that the pressure in a moving fluid is less when the fluid is moving faster.
Bernoulli's law: law that states that the pressure in a moving fluid is less when the fluid is moving faster. Pascal's law: law that states that a change in pressure at any point in a closed fluid is transmitted equally throughout the fluid. Introduce fluid pressure with the simple but effective "Water in a Cup" demonstration described at the following URL.
The activity uses the first tab of the simulation “Fluid Pressure and Flow” (at the same URL).
Lesson 16.1 Work
Lesson 16.2 Machines
Lesson 16.3 Simple Machines
Lesson 16.4 Compound Machines
Lesson 17.1 Types of Energy
Lesson 17.2 Forms of Energy
Lesson 17.3 Energy Resources
Lesson 18.1 Temperature and Heat
Lesson 18.2 Transfer of Thermal Energy
Lesson 18.3 Using Thermal Energy
Lesson 19.1 Characteristics of Waves
Lesson 19.2 Measuring Waves
Lesson 19.3 Wave Interactions and Interference
Lesson 20.1 Characteristics of Sound
Lesson 20.2 Hearing Sound
Lesson 20.3 Using Sound
Lesson 21.1 Electromagnetic Waves
Lesson 21.2 Properties of Electromagnetic Waves
Lesson 21.3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
Lesson 22.1 The Light We See
Lesson 22.2 Optics
Lesson 22.3 Vision
Lesson 23.1 Electric Charge
Lesson 23.2 Electric Current
Lesson 23.3 Electric Circuits
Lesson 23.4 Electronics
Lesson 24.1 Magnets and Magnetism
Lesson 24.2 Earth as a Magnet
