Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center Aquaculture Department
SEAFDEC/AQD Institutional Repository http://repository.seafdec.org.ph
Institutional Reports Quarterly Research Reports
1977
Effect of temperature on the oxygen
consumption of Penaeus monodon postlarvae
Catedral, F. F.
Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center
Catedral, F. F., & Sayson, R. (1977). Effect of temperature on the oxygen consumption of Penaeus monodon postlarvae. SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department Quarterly Research Report, 1(2), 21-26.
http://hdl.handle.net/10862/2299
Downloaded from http://repository.seafdec.org.ph, SEAFDEC/AQD's Institutional Repository
Effect of temperature on the oxygen consumption of Penaeus m onodon postlarvae
F. F. Catedral and R. Sayson
Introduction
Measurement o f oxygen consum ption o f animals is necessary in the understanding o f th e ir metabolism. However, there are a few practical applications, among w hich are the oxygen levels th a t have to be m aintained during culture or transport. In the cu ltu re o f tiger prawns Penaeus m onodon at SEAFDEC, one o f the com m only encountered problem s is the low oxygen levels in ponds. This occurs especially at night when both plants and animals respire and in some instances when the density o f p h y to p la n k to n is very high, and the concentration o f dissolved oxygen in w ater goes below the critica l level. A n o th e r problem concerns fry transport. In some instances, oxygen becomes depleted during transport, causing mass m o rta lity .
The oxygen requirements may be predicted once oxygen consum ption is know n, and dissolved oxygen levels m ust be maintained above these values to ensure high survival o f the animal. A lthough other factors may co n trib u te to dissolved oxygen levels in w ater (e.g., its u tiliz a tio n ), basic knowledge o f how much oxygen and animal consumes fo r a given length o f tim e and under specified conditions is necessary in culture. In fo rm a tio n gathered may be fu rth e r utilized in studies on the metabolism o f the animal (Clark, 1955; Dehnel, 1960; and Kinne, 1963).
One o f the factors th a t a ffe ct oxygen consum ption o f animals is tem perature. It is know n th a t at high temperatures, respiration increases, and likewise, oxygen consum ption increases. In as much as tem perature varies during culture, knowledge o f its e ffe ct on the oxygen consum ption of the animal is im portant. Knowledge o f temperature effects may also suggest optim al temperatures fo r transport o f fry fro m the hatchery to fishponds where they w ill be stocked.
Materials and Methods
The Penaeus m onodon postlarvae used in the study were obtained fro m either the hatchery or the w et laboratory and were reared in retaining aquaria inside the laboratory u n til used in the experiments. The animals were fed minced mussel or tuna meat daily. The retaining aquaria were maintained at salinities o f 3 0 -3 4 p p t and temperatures between 24 and 28°C.
Fig. 1 shows diagram m atically the setup used fo r the study patterned a fte r K u tty (4).
Five hundred m L Erlenmeyer flasks were used as respiration chambers and placed in the box fille d w ith seawater. The flasks remained submerged in the water during measurement o f oxygen consum ption. The box was made o f marine p lyw o o d and the inner walls and lid were painted black. Anim als used fo r the study were fed the day before they were used in the experim ent.
Feeding was n o t resumed u n til after they were placed back in the retaining aquaria.
Oxygen consum ption was measured by getting the difference between the dissolved oxygen concentration before and after holding the animals in the respiration chamber. The length o f tim e used varied between 2 and 4 hours, depending upon the number and average weights o f the animals. The number o f animals used was likewise dependent upon th e ir size, b u t in all cases, the number o f larvae per experimental run ranged fro m 3 to 30 (0.8 to 80 mg average w e ig h t/
postlarva, respectively).
T o examine oxygen consum ption at d iffe re n t temperatures, the seawater in the box was firs t brought to the desired temperature and the experim ental animals acclimated at th a t temperature fo r approxim ately 30 m in p rio r to starting the experim ent. Temperatures were measured at the start and end o f the exp e rim e n t
Fig. 1. Setup fo r oxygen consum ption study.
Dissolved oxygen concentrations were determined using the W inkler m ethod (5) on 100 m L samples drawn fro m the respiration chamber. Water was allowed to flo w through the chamber (about 500 m L ) to replace the w ater inside the chamber w ith th a t saturated w ith air before draw ing the sample fo r in itia l dissolved oxygen readings. Water was again drawn after allow ing the animals to respire fo r a specified length o f time.
The animals were weighed at the end o f the experim ent and oxygen consum ption was expressed as mg O2 consumed per h r per postlarva.
A t least 30 experim ental runs were conducted at five d iffe re n t tem perature ranges: 2 0 -2 3 °C, 2 5-27°C , 28-30°C , 30-32°C , and 33-35°C . C orrelation between oxygen consum ption and weight o f postlarva at each tem perature was determ ined, and the equations o f the regression lines com puted and compared. Data were analyzed using the t-test and analysis o f variance.
Results and Discussion
Fig. 2. Shows the oxygen consum ption o f P. m onodon postlarvae at five d iffe re n t temperatures p lo tte d against weight o f postlarvae. The data show significant corre la tio n at 1%
significance level between oxygen consum ption and w eight (Table 1).
The regression lines were com puted using the m ethod o f least squares and the fo llo w in g equations were obtained:
2 0 -2 3 °C : Y = 0.0004422 X + 0.004527 2 5 -2 7 °C : Y = 0.0007693 X + 0.004342 2 8 -3 0 °C : Y = 0.0009914 X + 0.006882 3 0 -3 2 °C : Y = 0.0009641 X + 0.006592 3 3 -3 5 °C: Y = 0.0013972 X + 0.004740
where Y is mg O2 consum ed/hr/postlarva, and X is w eight o f postlarva, mg. Analysis o f variance shows highly significant dependence o f oxygen consum ption on the w eight o f postlarva at 1%
significance level (Table 2). The regression co e ffic ie n t increases w ith tem perature indicating that oxygen consum ption is likewise dependent on tem perature. This study was lim ite d to temperatures between 20 and 3 5 °C due to problems on survival o f the test animals. I t was fo u n d th a t high m o rta lity occurred at temperatures below 2 0 °C and above 36°C.
Fig. 3 shows the relationship between oxygen consum ption (mg 0 2 /h r/m g w eight o f postlarva) and temperature. The midvalues o f the temperature ranges were used. (These values are close to the approximate mean temperatures o f 21.6, 26.0, 31.4 and 3 3 .9 °C .) High correlation between temperature and oxygen consum ption was obtained (r = 0.9562) and test o f significance (5%) showed significant relationship between oxygen consum ption and tem perature. The regression line, obtained by the m ethod o f least squares, was fo u n d to give the fo llo w in g equation:
Y = 0.00007064 X - 0.001086
where Y is mg O2 consumed per hr per mg w eight o f postlarva, and X, the tem perature in C.
Analysis o f variance shows significant dependence o f oxygen consum ption o f tem perature at 5%
significance level.
Results suggest dependence o f oxygen consum ption on both w eight o f postlarvae and temperature. The relationships appear linear at the temperature range examined (20-35°C).
Postlarvae weighing 0.8-80 mg were used in this study. Those weighing up to 200 mg were also fo u n d to fo llo w the same regression lines obtained in this study. Whether or n o t juveniles and adults w ill fo llo w the same regression lines w ill have to be examined.
Table 1. C orrelation between oxygen consum ption, expressed as mg O2 consumed per hr per postlarva, and w eight o f postlarva at five d iffe re n t temperatures.
Temperature C orrelation t(0 .0 1 )
Range, °C C oefficient Computed Tabulated
20-23 0.8988 12.47* 2.70
25-27 0.9532 18.92* 2.72
28-30 0.8783 10.06* 2.75
30-32 0.9797 2 7 .2 1 * 2.75
33-35 0.9304 15.65* 2.72
* H ighly significant
Table 2. Analysis o f variance on the oxygen consum ption o f P. m onodon postlarvae at five d iffe re n t tem perature ranges.
Temperature Range, °C
F Value (0.01)
Comp. Tab.
20-23 155.48* 7.35
25-27 3 5 7 .4 3 * 7.37
28-30 101.29* 7.50
30-32 762.65* 7.50
33-35 244.81* 7.33
*H ighly significant
Table 3. Oxygen consum ption o f P. monodon postlarvae at 5 d iffe re n t temperatures.
Fig. 3. E ffect o f temperature on the oxygen consum ption o f P. m onodon postlarvae. Regressive c o e fficie n t o f lines in Fig. 2 are p lo tte d against midvalues o f the tem perature ranges.
Temperature dependence o f oxygen consum ption suggests th a t oxygen requirem ent (and m etabolism) increases w ith temperature. The study was done only at temperatures w hich did not subject the test animals to undue stress and may explain w hy the relationship appears linear.
Below 20 and above 3 5°C , the slope o f the line may change.
Literature Cited
(1) C lark, B. P. 1955. The influence o f body weight, temperature and season upon the oxygen consum ption o f the terrestrial amphipod Talitrus sylvaticus (Haswell). Biol. Bull.
108:253-257.
(2) Dehnel, P. A. 1960. Effects o f temperature and salinity on the oxygen consum ption o f tw o in te rtid a l crabs. Biol Bull. 118:215-249.
(3) Kinne, O. 1963. The effects o f temperature and salinity on marine and brackishwater animals:
I. Temperature. Oceanog. Marine Biol. Ann. Rev. 1:301-340.
(4) K u tty , H. H. 1969. Oxygen consum ption o f the prawns Penaeus indicus H. Milne Edwards and Penaeus semisulcatus de Haan. FAO Fish. Rep. 3 :957-969.
(5) S trickland, J. D. H. and T. R. Parsons. 1977. A practical handbook o f seawater analysis. 2nd ed. Fish. Res. Bd. Can., Ottawa. 310 pp.
