Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center Aquaculture Department
SEAFDEC/AQD Institutional Repository http://repository.seafdec.org.ph
Institutional Reports Quarterly Research Reports
1978
Relationship between diet composition and growth rate of the zoeal and mysis stages of Penaeus japonicus Bate
Villegas, C. T.
Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center
Villegas, C. T., & Kanazawa, A. (1978). Relationship between diet composition and growth rate of the zoeal and mysis stages of Penaeus japonicus Bate. SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department Quarterly Research Report, 2(2), 24-29.
http://hdl.handle.net/10862/2319
Downloaded from http://repository.seafdec.org.ph, SEAFDEC/AQD's Institutional Repository
Relationship between diet composition and growth
rate of the zoeal and mysis stages of Penaeus japonicus BATE
C. T. Villegas and A. Kanazawa
Feeding experiments were conducted using Chaetoceros gracilis plus A rtem ia nauplii, a rtific ia lly prepared diet, Diet-B, and tw o commercial feeds, Tapes and mysid meals, in a randomized complete block design w ith tw o replicates. The a rtific ia lly prepared diets were dried and ground to size 10 to 50 microns and fed to the larvae. The larvae were reared in round plastic aquaria containing 5 liters of filtered seawater, each aquarium stocked w ith 250 larvae and provided w ith aeration. They were reared from zoea (Z 1 ) to mysis (M3 ) stage and growth was measured daily.
Highest survival rate of 34.2% was obtained when the larvae were fed w ith the a rtific ia lly prepared Diet-B. C. gracilis plus Artem ia nauplii feeding gave a survival rate of 21.6%. On the other hand, growth measured in terms o f development, was fastest using C. gracilis plus Artem ia nauplii. Larvae metamorphosed into M3 stage in 7 days w ith an average gain in length of 0 .46 mm/day. Diet-B feeding resulted in a comparable growth, the larvae reaching M 3 stage in 8 days w ith an average gain in length of 0.30 m m/day.
Analyses of the chemical com position of the diets showed no definite relationship between diet com position and growth and survival rates of the early larval stages of P. japonicus.
Results obtained in this study demonstrate that the early larval stages of P. japonicus can be reared in a rtific ia lly prepared diet, Diet-B. Since the chemical com position o f the diet is known, it can be used as supplemental data fo r larval feed development and n utrition al requirements studies for the early
larval stages o f P. japonicus and/or other penaeids.
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Fig. 1. Growth of Penaeus japonicus larvae on different diets: A —C. gracilis plus A rte m ia ( • — • ) B—Tapes meal ( ○ — ○ ), C—Mysid meal ( ▲ — ▲ ) and D -D ie t — B ( □ — □ ).
Table 1. Feeds and feeding rates used fo r rearing o f P. japonicus fro m larval stage Z 1 to M 3.
Treatment Feeds Feeding Rates
1 Chaetoceros gracilis
plus A rtem ia nauplii
50,000-100,000 cells/mL 50 nauplii/larva/day
2 Diet-B 0.16 mg/larva/day
3 Tapes meal 0.16 mg/larva/day
4 Mysid meal 0.16 mg/larva/day
Table 2. Composition of the a rtificia l diet, Diet-B (Kanazawa et al ., 1971).
Ingredients % in Dry Diet
Glucose 5.5
Sucrose 10.0
Starch 4.0
Glucosamine 0.8
Casein (L ip id and vitam in free) 50.0
Sodium-citrate 0.3
Sodium-succinate 0.3
Pollack residual oil (powder) a/ 8.0
Cholesterol 0.5
Mineral m ixtu re b/ 8.6
V ita m in m ix tu re c/ 2.7
Cellulose powder 9 .3
Agar 3.0
Water 130 - 135 m L
a / Residual o il o b ta in e d b y d is tillin g away V ita m in A fr o m Pollack liver o il.
b / K 2 HPO 4 2 .0 0 0 , Ca3 (PO 4 )2 2 .7 2 0 , MgSO 4 . 7 H 2 O 3 .0 4 1 , and N aH 2 PO4 2 H 2 O 0 .7 9 0 g/100 g d ry d ie t.
c/ p -A m in o b e n z o ic acid 1 0.0 0, B io tin 0 .4 0 , In o s ito l 4 0 0 .0 0 , N ic o tin ic acid 4 0 .0 0 , C a-P a ntothenate 6 0 .0 0 , P y rid o x in e -H C l 1 2 .0 0 , R ib o fla v in 8 .0 0 , T h ia m in e -H C l 4 .0 0 , M en adione 4 .00 , B = carotene 9 .6 0 , — T o c o p e ro l 2 0 .0 0 , C ya n o c o b a la m in e 0 .0 8 , C a lc ife ro l 1 .20 , N a-ascorbate 2 0 0 0 .0 0 , F o lic acid 0 .8 0 , and C h o lin e c h lo rid e 1 2 0 .0 0 mg/10 0 g o f d ry d ie t.
T a ble 3. F a tty acid c o m p o s itio n (%) o f lip id s o f th e d iffe r e n t d ie ts.
F a tty A c id D I E T S
D iet-B Tapes Meal M ysid meal
1 4 :0 3 .9 8 5 .6 3 2.01
14:1 2 .1 5 — —
1 5 :0 0.87 0 .9 0 0 .6 0
15:1 0 .0 8 0 0 .3 6 —
1 6 :0 1 5.36 19.81 3 .6 4
16:1w 7 11.29 1 2.48 1 3 .6 3
1 7 :0 1.20 1.99 2.61
17:1 — 5 .6 2 —
1 6 :2 w 4 2 .5 3 — 7.71
16 :3 w 3 0 .1 3 — 2.71
1 8 :0 2 .1 9 2 .3 6 6 .1 4
18:1w 9 14.91 1 2.08 2 6 .7 7
1 8 :2 w 6 3 .8 6 3 .8 0 6 .1 4
18:1w 9 — 0 .2 5 0 .9 0
1 8 :3 w 3 0 .1 7 0 .3 8 0 .8 7
2 0 :0 — — 0 .6 8
2 0:1 w 9 1 2 .45 1.78 1.37
2 0 :2 w 6 0 .1 3 0 .3 2 0 .2 7
2 0 :4 w 6 0 .9 3 3 .7 6 2 .8 4
2 0 :3 w 9 — — 0 .0 8
2 2 :1 w 9 3 .6 8 0 .2 2 0 .2 8
2 0 :5w 3 6 .6 5 17.45 13.01
2 2 :2 w 6 6 .3 5 — —
2 2 :4 w 6 0 .3 3 0 .3 4 0 .3 0
2 2 :5 w 6 0 .1 2 0 .0 2 0 .1 5
2 2 :5 w 3 0 .8 0 0 .3 4 0 .7 6
2 2 :6 w 3 9 .7 9 9 .8 5 7.77
T o ta l
S aturated 2 3 .6 0 3 0 .6 9 1 5.6 8
M o n o e n o ic acids 4 4 .5 6 3 2 .5 4 4 2 .0 5
P o ly e n o ic acids 3 1 .7 9 36.51 4 0 .48
w 3 1 7.5 4 2 8 .0 2 2 5 .1 2
w 6 10.79 8 .2 4 3 .8 3
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T able 4 . T h e c o m p o s itio n o f sterols o f th e d iffe r e n t d ie ts.
S te ro l
% C o m p o s itio n
D ie t-B Tapes meal M ysid meal
C h o le s te ro l 9 4 .7 0 9 1 .3 3 8 2 .2 4
Brassicasterol 3 .3 4 6 .4 8 6 .0 7
D esm osterol 1.38 2 .0 8 4 .3 3
2 4 - m e th y le n e ch oleste ro l — 0 .8 6 3 .9 0
S tig m a s te ro l 0 .5 8 0 .2 5 —
B -sisto ste ro l — — 1.44
2 8 -is o fu c o s te ro l — — 1.01
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