Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center Aquaculture Department
SEAFDEC/AQD Institutional Repository http://repository.seafdec.org.ph
Institutional Reports Quarterly Research Reports
1979
Mass production of Penaeus monodon
Fabricius juveniles in earthen nursery ponds
Apud, F.
Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center
Apud, F., Yap, W., & Gonzales, K. (1979). Mass production of Penaeus monodon Fabricius juveniles in earthen nursery ponds. SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department Quarterly Research Report, 3(1), 7–11.
http://hdl.handle.net/10862/2339
Downloaded from http://repository.seafdec.org.ph, SEAFDEC/AQD's Institutional Repository
Mass p r o d u c tio n o f P e n a e u s m o n o d o n F a b ric iu s ju v e n ile s in e a rth e n n u rs e ry p o n d s *
F. A p u d , W . Y a p and K . G onzales
Specially constructed earthen nursery ponds capable o f rearing very young postlarvae fro m the hatchery to a size and stage suitable fo r d ire ct stocking in relatively ill-prepared ponds was conceived as the solution to the problem o f lo w survival o f hatchery fry . The nursery system used was composed o f 16 units o f 200 m2 ponds and 16 units o f 500 m 2 ponds provided w ith water supply and drainage canals (Figure 1). Reservoir pond (1 u n it o f 1,000 m 2 and 1 u n it 600 m2 ) w ith one u n it portable pum p was also provided and w ater fo r the 200 m 2 pond was filte re d through a gravel filte r and fo r 500 m2 ponds through an everted 0.25 mm mesh n ylo n bagnet attached to the in le t pipe (Figure 2). T o fa cilita te harvest the b o tto m o f each pond was sloped towards a diagonal trench w hich in tu rn slopes towards a harvest/drain box at a rate o f 1.5%.
D iffe re n t culture techniques were tried one after another in order to obtain prelim inary data on stocking density, water management, fe rtiliz a tio n versus feeding and e ffe c t o f d iffe re n t types o f vertical substrates. Basically the runs were divided in to tw o categories, lo w density (5 0 /m 2 ) w ith m inim um (tidal) w ater change and no supplemental feeding; and m edium to high density (50-300 fr y /m 2 ) w ith greater volume o f water change (tidal b u t supplemented by pumping) and w ith supplemental feeding and/or fe rtiliz a tio n o f water column.
Mangrove tree branches and bamboo twigs set at one clum p per 8-10 m 2 and d ry coconut leaves set at one clum p per 40-50 m 2 were used as vertical substrates. Chopped mussel meat was used as supplementary feed.
Penaeus m onodon juveniles ranging fro m 0.4 to 1.5 g were produced in the ponds using hatchery bred fry . Survival rates o f 93% and 43.6% were obtained after 29 days using P17 stocked at 15 fr y /m 2 and P4 P5 at 22 fr y /m 2 . Water change was effected m ainly by tidal flu c tu a tio n supplemented by pumping o n ly to m aintain w ater depth during neap tides. No supplem entary f eed was used.
A t 150 fr y /m 2, average survival rate o f 57.4% was attained after 25 days using P4 P5 when vertical substrates were provided, w ater replaced at 5-10% d a ily b y pum ping and mussel meat fed at 100% body w eight daily fo r the firs t 16 days and reduced to 20% fo r the rest o f the rearing period. W ith the same treatm ent b u t w ith feeding a b ru p tly stopped after 16 days, survival dropped dow n to 25.5% (Table 1).
* This is part of a paper presented during the 1979 World Mariculture Society Meeting, January 1979.
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T a b le 1. Survival rates o f p raw n f r y in ea rth en ponds at d iffe re n t densities using d iffe re n t postlarval stages and m a n a g e m e n t techniques.
Density (N o /m 2 )
PL stage
D uration (days)
Water change Feed Survival
(%)
15 17 29 Tidal None 93.0
22 4-5 29 Tidal None 43.6
150 4-5 25 Tidal & pump a 57.4
150 4-5 25 T idal & pump b 25.5
a Mussel meat at 100% body weight daily for 16 days and 20% subsequently b Mussel meat at 100% body weight daily for 16 days and stopped
A comparison was also made on the e ffe ct on survival o f feeding, fe rtiliz a tio n o f w ater colum n and co m bination o f both at medium to high density stocking using tidal flu c tu a tio n to change the w ater. Results are shown in Table 2. The juveniles when harvested ranged fro m 0.36 to 1.5 g w ith size depending upon stocking and management techniques. Generally the size at harvest was inversely proportional to survival.
T a b le 2 . Survival rates o f P. m o n o d o n f r y in ea rth en nursery ponds using d iffe re n t feeding techn iqu es a fte r 2 5 days.
T reatm ent Pond size (m 2 )
Density (n o /m 2 )
Survival (%)
Average w eight (g)
A 500 100 1.13 1.5
200 50 29.80 0.76
B 500 100 10.50 0.36
200 50 21.90 1.06
C 500 100 4.80 0.62
200 50 19.80 0.84
D 500 100 26.76 0.61
200 50 25.60 1.05
A F e d w it h c h o p p e d mussel a t 2 0 % b o d y w e ig h t tw ic e d a ily B F e r tiliz e d w it h 1 8 -4 6 -0 a t 2 5 k g ev e ry tw o w ee ks C T r e a tm e n ts A a n d B c o m b in e d
D C o n tr o l — n o fe e d in g an d fe r tiliz a tio n
The results o f the firs t experim ent reaffirm s w h a t is already know n in other penaeid species, namely, older fr y has greater chances o f survival. However, w ith improved management techniques it was also seen th a t young postlarvae can be reared in high densities in earthen nursery ponds w ith acceptable survival rates.
The results o f the various runs also show th a t the tra d itio n a l nursery pond designs and practices used fo r m ilkfish in the Philippines is applicable to prawn only at very low densities and gives acceptable high survival rates only when used w ith the older postlarval stages which means use o f w ild fry . The results also points o u t the necessity o f providing supplemental feed.
Fig. 2. Diagram showing filtra tio n box in reservoir pond.
A - Top view showing layers of coarse sand, and bamboo splits, B - side view of filte r box in reservoir pond,
C - Inset showing the details inside filte r box and drain control box.
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R E F E R E N C E S
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