The gross impact of the Philippine Rice Research Institute, which is a leader in local rice research and development, was assessed in 2008. This publication focuses on the role of rice research and development in achieving food security and reducing poverty.
O UTLINE OF P RESENTATION
SLIDE TRANSCRIPT
TRENDS IN THE PHILIPPINE’S RICE R&D BUDGET ALLOCATION
What is R&D?
UNESCO defines Research and Development (R&D) as any
21 st Century: Age of Knowledge
The solution of virtually all the problems with which government is concerned: health,
R&D Indicators - Philippines
R&D Indicators – PHL & Other Countries
Compared to our Asian neighbors, the Philippines invested only 0.12% of its GDP in R&D in 2009, equivalent to $123 million. This could partly explain Thailand's more progressive rice industry; they emphasized R&D investment.
Agricultural R&D Indicators
Annual Budget of 2 Main Agricultural R&D Coordinating Agencies, 2010–2013
Commodity Focus of PHL Agricultural R&D
Focus of PHL Agricultural R&D on Crops
Congruence Between Agricultural R&D and Production Value, 2002–2003
This means that there should be an increase in R&D investment on rice and the other crops because the research focus should ideally be at least equal to the production value.
Rice R&D Budget Trends
DA-Bureau of Agricultural Research Funding for Rice R&D, 2000–2014*
Only development activities, such as establishment and demonstration, were held under the DA Rice and Maize Programme. For PhilRice, the budget trend has increased from about PhP 250 million in 2004 to almost PhP 600 million in 2014.
Total Number of Studies by Discipline, 2013-2014
Potential Impact of New Rice Varieties
21 new rice varieties
Conclusion — 2013 Highlight &
Impact of Physical Performance
The total value of increased yield in irrigated and saline areas would then be PhP 27.2 billion. Ten percent of this return could also cover the government's estimated investment of PhP 1.5 billion.
This suggested that after peaking, the impacts of service research were not "undone" because new inventions "build on" the inventions they displaced. On average, the model explains 67 percent of the variation in the cost of rice production in the region.
What this presentation conveys
Palay Output, Area Harvested, Yield
Yield growth
How Rice R&D Investment Helps
In one possible case, it creates an improved variety and prevents such improvement from deteriorating. But based on the figure we saw earlier, there is a modest growth in rice consumption over time. It is clear that R&D investments do not only sustain one part of the rice variety, but continuously improve the particular rice variety in general.
Possible yield trajectories
Waves of rice varietal improvements
Use of MVs in the Philippines
Yields of MVs Released in the Philippines
IVI Analysis
Yield gain, 1985 to 2009
Value of Yield gains, 1985 to 2009
A CGE Analysis
Circular flow diagram of products, factors and financial transactions
Philippine CGE Model
General equilibrium conditions
We first solved the model without the rice variety improvement, and then solved it with the variety improvement.
Equivalent Variation of Income
The proportional change in welfare is the index of the well-being of a particular household group with a basic income of, for example, PhP51 billion. They actually receive PhP4.9 billion as profits per year due to the introduction of improved rice varieties.
Distribution of gains
Private sector participation in rice research and development (R&D) began with the implementation of the Hybrid Rice Commercialization Program (HRCP) in the Philippines in 2002. In 2011, the government stopped supporting hybrid rice, which may be one of the reasons for the reduced production and yield this year. In 2013, rice production increased, but this was mainly attributed to the increase in harvested area due to irrigation projects and not to the increase in yield.
Therefore, continue with rice R&D. Limitations and gaps need to be addressed to encourage private sector investment in rice research and development and commercialization of rice technologies. Some of the strategies that can be considered in implementing rice R&D are: a) Private-Public Sector Partnership (PPP); b) cluster approach; To support rice R&D, the national government must continuously make sufficient budget available to R&D institutions.
Furthermore, they must create favorable conditions to encourage the active participation of the private sector in rice R&D.
PRIVATE SECTOR’S PERSPECTIVE ON RICE R&D INVESTMENTS
But of course, hybrid rice technology is only one of the factors that can increase production and yield. This is the summary of the development of hybrid rice commercialization in the country, as well as the private sector participation in rice R&D since 2002. On the private sector side, especially SL Agritech, one development strategy is being applied in rice -R&D is the partnership between the private and public sectors (PPP).
In the Philippines, the private sector can only access IRRI germplasm if we are a member of the Hybrid Rice Research and Development Consortium. The seed yield of the hybrid parent plants is not as competitive with the current hybrid parent plants from other companies. These are some of the recommendations that the private sector would like to highlight so that we can also increase our investment in rice R&D and commercialization of technology.
The above recommendations must be fully supported in order to secure more investment in the private sector and expand the commercialization of hybrid rice technology throughout the country. 10 of the 16 projects included in the rice ISP are part of the rice mechanization research and development program.
SLIDE TRANSCRIPTEX-ANTE EVALUATION OF THE PCAARRD S&T INDUSTRY
STRATEGIC PLAN FOR RICE: A COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS
Increasing Farmers' Access to High Quality Rice Seeds through Efficient Seed Production Systems (1 project)
Smart Farming-based Nutrient and Water Management for Rice Production (3 projects)
Enhancing Rice Production and Postproduction Efficiencies Through Improvement and Use of
Increasing farmers' access to high quality rice seeds through efficient seed production systems (1 project) through efficient seed production systems (1 project) 2. EX-ANTE EVALUATION OF THE S&T PCAARRD RICE INDUSTRY STRATEGIC PLAN : A COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS. EX-ANTE ASSESSMENT OF PCAARRD S&T INDUSTRY EX-ANTE ASSESSMENT OF PCAARRD S&T INDUSTRY.
The target beneficiaries of the four (4) programs are the farmers, SUCs, LGUs, the government and private sectors. The ex-ante team was tasked with evaluating and measuring the result of the ISPs and valuing the most possible incremental benefits of the ISP as a whole. This slide shows the adoption path of the project from technology transfer to technology impact.
The Certified Seed (CS) Production System is a technology transfer project that aims to increase the supply of certified seeds in selected rice areas where more than 50% of farmers are not CS users. 1) 1% additional area planted with CS with 1 ton yield benefit was added to the total harvested area in the three pilot provinces each year.
Certified Seeds Production and Distribution (Scenario 1: 1% additional area, 1 ton yield advantage)
Certified Seeds Production and Distribution (Scenario 2: 1% additional area, .5 ton yield advantage)
For technology transfer, PCAARRD can provide financial support for the promotion and commercialization of the product together with the research agency (PhilRice. Therefore, it will be tested first in 305 ha starting in 2017 as part of the technology transfer activities. the implementation of ISP will be in the three provinces that were covered by the seed distribution system.
Next, the Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (PNRI) will lead the measurement of actual application efficiency and the quantification of water losses in rice field areas. Then the establishment and validation of cultural coefficients of common rice varieties will be done. The results of the project will be translated into a technology bulletin for information dissemination and provided to the intended beneficiaries.
The manufacturers will also take part in training and take care of the sale and after-sales of the equipment. The goal of the proponents is to increase the grinding efficiency from the existing 57% to 67%. Based on the results, the benefits of the project will be realized starting in 2017, as the technology transfer will take 2 years.
These factors help in realizing the impact of research results on farmers' welfare.
SUMMARIZED OPEN FORUM
From the private sector's side, some initiatives have been taken, such as development of non-destructive hybrid rice varieties suitable for mechanization. This trait is in contrast to that of the other inbred varieties (eg PSB Rc18) that have weak panicle attachment. The private sector also recognizes the quality of grain as equally important in variety development.
The company has decided to invest in this activity due to the limited promotional activities of the Ministry of Agriculture. The private sector will continue to undertake RD&E activities but will still need support from the government as this will be very costly for them if left alone. All materials and additional technical assistance can be provided by the private sector, while the government can manage them.
Another partnership could be to test the adoption of hybrid and inbred varieties nationwide, because the private sector cannot employ many people to do this. The private sector can be given easier access (facilitation of the process) to germplasm, free or for a fee.
ON THE IMPACT METHODOLOGY
I have four answers to the question "What is worth investing in rice R&D?" One is that R&D returns are good. No private company would invest in activities that would not give them any profit in return. In the production of hybrid rice, for example, it was later realized that we must produce our own seeds.
That is, the one who can better utilize the available resources to produce the cheapest, but with the highest quality product. It is proven that the budget allocation for R&D is very low compared to other countries. But if you are concerned about the future of this country, you would invest it in basic research because it provides long-term benefits.
ON PRIVATE SECTOR CONCERNS
As the Chief Scientific Research Expert and Economist, she leads the DA-IRRI-PhilRice joint project entitled “Comparative Analysis of the Philippine Rice Economy with Major Rice Producing Countries in Asia”. The purpose of the project is to assess the farm-level competitiveness of Philippine paddy rice production compared to selected Asian countries. It also actively participated in the creation of the timetable for the sufficiency of basic foodstuffs for the period 2013-2016. He is also the Chairman of the Advisory Board of the Asian Rice Bowl Index and a member of the Advisory Board of the WTO Presidents Program.
He is also the Technical Consultant for Hybrid Rice Production of Village Gardens Limited in Gabadi, Central Province in Papua New Guinea. Malabanan previously served as director of the Ginintuang Masaganang Ani (GMA) Rice Program of the Department of Agriculture. Among his outstanding achievements are (a) pioneering Hybrid Rice Technology in the Philippines, (b) Establishing the Philippine Rice Seed Network, and (c) achieving all-time high production in the Philippines through the Rice Program GMA.
He completed his PhD in Agronomy at the University of the Philippines-Los Baños in 1993. Cuevas has made numerous contributions to analyzes of the potential impacts of the Japan-Philippines Economic Partnership Agreement (JPEPA) on Japanese Official Development Assistance (ODA) to Philippines.
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A. PROGRAM OF ACTIVITIES
MORNING SESSION
AP PEND IC ES
AFTERNOON SESSION
APPENDIX B. LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
APPENDIX C. POLICY RESEARCH AND ADVOCACY TEAM
56 Young Man of God PhilRice-CES 57 Needs to Fight PhilRice-CES 58 Gifted Manual PhilRice-CES 59 Mary Grace Lanuza PhilRice-CES 63 Josefina Crossbows PhilRice-CES 64 Eden Gagelonia PhilRice-CES 65 Caesar Young Tado PhilRice-CES 66 Ruben Miranda PhilRice-CES 67 Aurora Corales PhilRice-CES.
