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Scientific Inquiry
Fundamental Units and Standard Units
Unit Conversions
Measurement and Recording Data
Working with Error
Learning Objective: Explain how scientists investigate nature by making sure their models can be proven wrong (falsifiable) and tested by many independent researchers. Which of the following is a reasonable measurement for the height of a coconut palm?
Speed and Velocity in One Dimension
Average Speed, Velocity, and Instantaneous Velocity
Uniform Acceleration
The Kinematic Equations
Velocity and Velocity in One Dimension www.ck12.org Lesson Objective: Determine velocity from position-time graphs. Explain why the instantaneous speed at t=6s and the average speed of the paper airplane are different values.
Vector Representation
Inertial Frames and Relative Motion
Projectile Motion
Complete the graph below and describe the two-dimensional motion of a soccer ball kicked off the ground with an initial horizontal velocity of +3 m/s and an initial vertical velocity of +5 m/s. A bowling ball is rolled to the right with an initial horizontal velocity of 12 m/s and hits the pins 1.5 seconds later.
Newton’s Second Law
Newton’s Third Law
According to Newton's Second Law of Motion, you must label each of the statements below as true or false. For each of the following forces acting on a box, identify the reaction force according to Newton's third law of motion and the concept of action-reaction force pairs.
Inclined Planes
Circular Motion
Forces in Translational Equilibrium
What is the magnitude and direction of the force due to the Earth's gravity acting on Lisa. Which of the following would help reduce the force of kinetic friction on the chew toy?
Energy
Energy Conservation
Power
Which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship between force, distance, and work in a simple machine? Use your understanding of conservation of energy to complete the following graph about the roller coaster below.
Conservation of Momentum in One Dimension
The magnitude of the impulse experienced by the fly and the semi truck is the same. The direction of the impulse experienced by the fly and the semi-truck is the same. The magnitude of the torque change for both the fly truck and the semi truck is the same.
The magnitude of the acceleration experienced by the fly and the semi truck is the same. The direction of the acceleration experienced by the fly and the semi-truck is the same. The magnitude of the speed change for the fly and the semi truck is the same.
Angular Momentum
Torque
Two Conditions of Equilibrium
Applications of Equilibrium Conditions
Lesson Objective: Understand what angular momentum is and how to use it to solve problems. What is the angular momentum of a gymnast who has an angular velocity of 3 rad/s and a rotational inertia of 60 kg•m2. The door to your physics classroom is 0.7 m wide and requires a torque of 12 N•m to open.
If the doorknob is 0.05 m from the left edge of the door, what is the minimum force required to open the door. Determine the magnitude of the perpendicular force that must be applied to a seesaw to produce a torque of 75 N·m, 2.5 meters away from the central pivot point. Calculate the magnitude of the torque due to gravity on the bookshelf.
Newton’s Universal Law of Gravity
Circular Orbits
Each planet's orbit around the Sun is an ellipse with the Sun at one of its focal points. Use Kepler's third law of motion to solve for the constant of proportionality (k) if the Earth's period around the Sun is one year and the Earth's distance from the Sun is one AU. Use your answers to questions #1-3 to rewrite Newton's law of universal gravitation in your own words.
Based on your understanding of Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation, a massive object can ever be weightless. Lesson Objective: Use Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation and Kepler's Third Law to solve problems. What is the distance from the center of the Earth of a satellite orbiting at a distance equal to the Earth's radius (Re).
Mass on a Spring
Simple Pendulum
Waves and Wave Properties
Use the list of requirements above to identify all objects that exhibit periodic motion. The direction of the feedback force is always opposite to the displacement of the mass-spring system d. The direction of the feedback force is always the same as the displacement of the mass-spring system e.
The magnitude of the restoring force is directly proportional to the displacement of the mass spring. The magnitude of the restoring force is inversely proportional to the displacement of the mass-spring system. Sketch the position-time (x-t) graph of the pendulum as it moves back and forth from point A to point B.
Wave Speed
Resonance with Sound Waves
Doppler Effect
Predict what will happen to the vibration caused by your vocal cords if you scream in outer space. Describe the effect on the following properties of a sound wave as it travels from a violin string through the air to the ear of the violinist by circling the correct choice. Calculate the wavelength of sound waves that bats can hear if they occur at frequencies around 80,000 Hz.
Calculate the wavelength of the sound waves that people can hear if they occur at a maximum frequency of 20,000 Hz. Compare the speed of the wave on the violin string (your answer to question #2) to the speed of the sound wave it creates in air. In your own words, explain why a sound gets louder as it gets closer to you.
Measuring Pressure
Pascal’s Law
Archimedes’ Law
Bernoulli’s Law
Calculate the amount of force exerted by the atmosphere on the roof of your house (area = 95 m2) if the pressure is 101,000 Pa. The magnitude of the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the rubber duck. According to Archimedes' law, the weight of a rubber ducky determines whether it will float or not.
Archimedes' law www.ck12.org An aluminum cube with a volume of 1 m3 has a density of 2700 kg/m3 and is submerged in water with a density. In baseball, a ball with a swing curve causes air to travel faster on top of the ball and slower on the bottom of the ball, causing the ball to travel along a curved path. According to Bernoulli's principle, describes the pressure on the top of the ball compared to the bottom of the ball.
Kinetic Theory of Temperature
Heat
Heat Transfer
Specific Heat
Learning Objective: Describe how energy is transported through the processes of conduction, convection, and radiation. Describe the relationship between the value of specific heat and the energy required to produce a change in temperature. Compare the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of aluminum to that of wood.
If a piece of aluminum and a piece of wood were each exposed to one hour of sunlight, compare the amount of energy absorbed by each material. Use the equation to calculate the amount of joules required to raise the temperature of 17 g of wood from 20 °C to 45 °C. Use the equation to calculate the amount of joules required to raise the temperature of 17 g of aluminum from 20 °C to 45 °C.
First Law of Thermodynamics
Second Law of Thermodynamics
If the temperature of the gas increases to 349 K and the pressure decreases to 1 atm, what is the new volume of the gas. Is the following statement true or false: "A given amount of work done on a system can raise the temperature of the system". Explain why the variable W is negative when the system is doing work on the environment.
Calculate the change in internal energy of a system that does 500 J of work while a heat reservoir transfers 700 J of energy to the system. Find the correct description in questions for each of the following processes of an internal combustion engine. Calculate the efficiency of a heat engine whose ignition transfers 7.25*103 J to the system and the exhaust gases transport 4.32*103 J out of the system.
Coulomb’s Law
Electrostatic Fields
Describe the electrostatic force between each of the following charged particles by circling the correct answer. Calculate the magnitude of the electrostatic force between a charged particle at + 8.0 µC and a charged particle at + 9.0 µC, separated by 0.5 cm. A charge of +3.0 mC is placed in an electric field at a point where the magnitude of the electric field is 4.23 x 105 N/C.
Electric Potential
Capacitance
Dielectrics
Electrical Energy Storage
Calculate the electric potential energy of a particle with a net charge of -2 nC and an electric potential difference of 2.27 V. Explain the relationship between the electric field and the electric potential energy of a charged particle. Calculate the electric potential difference between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor with a capacitance of 0.5 mF and a charge of 0.5 mC.
List one way to increase the electric potential energy of a charged object in an electric field. Calculate the electric potential difference between the two plates of a 5 microfarad capacitor that stores 10 J of electric potential energy. Determine the amount of electrical potential energy stored by a capacitor carrying 1 picocoulomb of charge.
Ohm’s Law
Resistivity
Resistors in Series and Parallel
Measuring Current and Voltage
According to Ohm's Law, what happens to the current flowing through a circuit if the resistance is held constant and the voltage is doubled. According to Ohm's law, what happens to the current flowing through a circuit if the resistance is doubled and the voltage remains the same. According to Ohm's law, how can you maintain a constant current if the resistance in a circuit is tripled.
What is the current flowing through a toaster with an electrical resistance of 20 ohms connected to the wall. If they were the resistances of the light bulb, predict what would happen if one of the bulbs burned out in circuit B. If they were the resistances of the light bulb, predict what would happen if one of the bulbs burned out in circuit C.
The Magnetic Force acting on a Current-Carrying Wire
Magnetic Force on Moving Electric Charges
A Practical Application of Magnetic Fields
The Electric Generator
Electrical Power Transfer
The Electromagnetic Spectrum
Concave and Convex Mirrors
Index of Refraction
Thin Lenses
The Double-Slit Experiment
Thin Films
Polarization
Use the principles of Galilean relativity to determine the relative speed of the sound waves in each of the various inertial reference frames below. A clock that is moving relative to an observer will run slower than a clock that is stationary relative to the observer b. A clock moving relative to an observer will run faster than a clock that is stationary relative to the observer c.
A clock at rest relative to an observer will run slower than a clock moving relative to the observer d. Describe the following models of the atom, including the scientists involved in developing each model and the supporting experimental evidence. Describe the emission spectrum of hydrogen and its relationship to the Bohr model of the atom.
