SEAFDEC's program for the Regionalization of the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (RCCRF) has moved into its second phase: Aquaculture Development (AD). The outcome of the meeting shall include: (1) a list of the issues or topics not included in the “FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (Article 9)” and the. Celia Lavilla-Pitogo signs free copies of the Shrimp Disease Handbook during AQD's anniversary celebration on July 6 in Iloilo.
The first phase of the training was held at AQD's Binangonan Freshwater Station in Laguna de Bay for tilapia seed production. The most useful part of the website are the links to various institutions and organizations. By 'critical point', HACCP means 'the point, step or procedure in food processing at which control can be applied and, as a result, a food safety hazard can be prevented, eliminated or reduced to acceptable levels.'
Innovation: milkfish offal as “polvoron”
How to make milkfish bone polvoron
New recipe: golden kuhol chicharon
The Molluscs
Abalone
The work of SEAFDEC/AQD
Pearl
A SIMPLE GEM
AN INTRICATE PROCESS
Pearl culture not only provides opportunities for foreign exchange earnings, but also economic advancement of coastal communities. The group, led by Noel Infante of Sabang Sibunag in the island of Guimaras, previously fished and farmed lobster for their main source of income. This prompted them to approach the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) and request for pearl culture training.
Fortunately, the cooperative was also well supported – in terms of financial, technical and management aspects – by DOST and the provincial and local government units of Guimaras. The group uses three species of pearl oyster: the wasay wasay (Pteria penguin), which grows quickly and produces a pink pearl; They used to buy their irritants in the US, but now they have a supplier from Zambales, in the north of the Philippines.
Currently, the group only produces crescent or bubble pearls – as they have not yet perfected the technique of inserting irritants into the gonads, which results in round pearls. In addition, discarded shells are converted into souvenirs and some are made into plaques, shell making is another activity that the group undertakes. Pearl farming in this area has really good potential,” said Tabanao, “but it is not environmentally friendly as the supplies are extracted from nature.
On the other hand, the group that was initially impatient to harvest their pearls before they were harvested, has now learned the value of patience. Tabanao concludes: “Pearl culture is very feasible for coastal communities – but not as a primary source of income.
Community-based pearl farming
But three years ago they encountered some pearl oysters in their waters and found irregular pearls in some. Neri Adventur from another DOST field office surveyed the site and trained the 25 members of the cooperative on how to implant irritants and beads and the proper culture techniques. Nevertheless, they already have a clear market for their products – despite the small quantity (limited to only 150 pearls per month).
The cooperative is already looking for technology to produce its own oysters to avoid depleting the natural stock.” They are interested and more enthusiastic about their project, now that they have sold the first batch of pearls.
Farming the giant clam
The giant clam culture project in the Philippines
In the Philippines, the giant clam's meat is popular with coastal residents, especially if typhoons and monsoon rains prevent fishermen from going farther out to sea to fish. It is cultivated in the province of Capiz on the island of Panay in the west-central Philippines as live food for shrimp and mudcrab, and sometimes for tilapia and milkfish. Juvenile Agiis congregate in the open sea (Pilar Bay) near the mouth of the Pontevedra River.
The river runs past several towns in the province of Capiz and is therefore sheltered and does not cause much disruption. For sufficient shelter, thicker mud is much better, because the farmed agiis in the mud can reach a thickness of about 0.25 meters. On the muddy bottom, agiis (including mud) are scooped into the net and pushed to the furthest end of the net.
In 1994 it was estimated that 80% of the trochus harvest in the South Pacific was used for subsistence. Trochus cultivation is thus a potential entry point for social and economic development in coastal areas in the South Pacific and Southeast Asia. Many countries in the South Pacific have been successful in collecting broodstock, inducing spawning, raising larvae and growing them to the desired harvest size of 65-100mm.
Thirty to 90 cm deep in the mud lies the mangrove mussel - one of the most notable species among the edible mangrove-associated molluscs. This mangrove clam Anodontia edentula (locally known as imbao) is widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific, from East and South Africa, including Madagascar and the Red Sea, to East Polynesia; north to southern Japan and Hawaii, and south to New South Wales.
The window-pane (kapis shell) industry
SEAFDEC/AQD and the kapis shell
Mussel: festivals and producers
A community raises oyster
The average edible part of the meat in cultured mussels is 35-40%, while in natural beds it is only 27-33% of the total weight. Ed.] The purpose of the proposed workshop is to provide (the local resource management council) with a basis for project planning. Minerals and trace elements in seawater and the chemical composition of phytoplankton components also affect the color of pearls.
The abundance and quality of phytoplankton in pearl culture soils determine the nutritional status of the oyster. On the other hand, the quality of donor oysters also affects the quality of the pearl. Japan has about 80% of the world pearl market, while Australia and China come in second and third respectively.
Parts of the giant clam show the adductor muscle, which is the most valuable part of the clam for export purposes. FAO Manual of Species Identification for Fisheries Purposes: Living Marine Resources of the West Central Pacific. As a dollar earner for developing countries, however, production would depend on high-tech foreign producers because processing from other countries, such as the South Pacific, cannot compete with "the long-established and vertically integrated nature of major Japanese, Italian, and Spanish firms." A study of the world market and the intricacies of marketing and processing of trochus can be studied and possibly valued as a potential commodity for aquaculture in the Philippines and other neighboring countries.
Compressor diving is also destructive if divers are not selective about the traps they collect. Notes on induced spawning, embryonic and larval development of the windowpane shell, Placuna placenta (Linnaeus, 1758), in the laboratory.
COME VISIT US AT
Again when juveniles reach 10 mm diameter they are transferred to be reared in 10,000 l concrete raceway tanks. Countries in the South Pacific are the main source of trochus, but other producing countries are Indonesia, the Philippines, India and Thailand. The Japanese trochus, called "Macassar" is considered the best quality shell, it serves as a standard for prices of the other quality shells.
The market projections and the state of aquaculture technology show the potential of trochus as an aquaculture commodity - a dollar earner and a source of food for coastal habitats. Mechanical rakes and scrapers have the same effect, while dynamite fishing reportedly caused massive capis mortality even in deeper water. But there is hope yet; there are efforts to revive the industry by reseeding previously abundant natural beds.
Cesar Drilon, SEAFDEC Council Director for the Philippines Office of the Undersecretary for Fisheries and Legislative Affairs Department of Agriculture, Elliptical Street, Diliman, Quezon City 1104 FAX.
Videos from SEAFDEC/AQD
SEAFDEC websites on the internet
Diseases of penaeid shrimp in the Philippines, an 83-page second edition of a book first published in 1988. Cage culture of tilapia in dams and small farm tanks, a 14-page manual detailing cage design network and farm management. Milkfish Ecology and Cultivation, a 117-page monograph discussing the life history and ecology and various aspects of the farming industry in the Philippines.
Mudcrab, a 32-page manual providing a general overview of mudcrab species of commercial value and their raised monoculture in ponds;. Pen culture of mud crab in mangroves, a 10-page manual describing the operation of net enclosures in mangroves for mud crab culture. The Modular Method: Milkfish Pond Culture, an 18-page manual that describes a better way to raise milkfish in brackish water ponds.
Elsevier Special Issue Containing Papers Presented at the Second International Conference on Penaeid Shrimp and Shrimp Culture, May 13-17, 1996, Iloilo City, Philippines. This volume was guest edited by AQD researchers ET Quinitio and JH Primavera. Illustrates the latest AQD Hatchery -- Integrated Fish School and Hatchery Demonstration Complex -- and the expansion program that goes with it -- Accelerated Milkfish Fry Production Technology Transfer. Promoting Appropriate Multifish Aquaculture Technology in Southeast Asia, a 24-page report that discusses AQD technology verification trials in (1) milkfish hatchery, pond culture using hatchery-grown fingerlings, and milkfish and seaweed polyculture; (2) use of environmentally friendly schemes in tiger prawn farming; (3) crab farming in mangrove ponds and fenced nets; (4) culture of hybrid tilapia in cages; (5) catfish hatchery technology; and (6) raft farming of oysters and clams.
A special insert celebrating AQD's 25th anniversary is included, outlining the organization's contributions to the aquaculture industry in the Philippines and other Southeast Asian countries. Payment can be made in the form of a US dollar bank draft/cheque drawn on any US bank or money order in Philippine Pesos payable to SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department.
Enter my subscription to SEAFDEC Asian Aquaculture for: ( ) one year ( ) two years ( ) three years. The objectives of the fisheries subsector program are: (1) food security through sustainable development and management of fisheries resources; (2) socio-economic improvement of subsistence fishermen; and (3) empowerment of fishermen.
Better life through aquacultureA NEW HARVEST
