PHILRICE MIDSAYAP
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Executive Summary PhilRice Midsayap
1
Abbreviations and acronymns 17
List of Tables 19
List of Figures 20
PhilRice Midsayap
Branch Manager: Vic V. Casimero
The research agenda of the station is geared toward generation, development, and promotion of viable rice pest management strategies and options which farmers may adopt to diagnose or to address pest problems in the context of economic, biological, and sociological priorities. For the Research Division, a total of seven studies and two collaborative studies were implemented. These were the following: (1) Evaluation of Breeding Lines for Pest Resistant, (2) Development of Irrigated Lowland Varieties with Resistance to Tungro and Bacterial Leaf Blight, (3) Development of Rainfed Lowland Varieties with Resistance to Tungro, Tolerant to Drought and Submergence, (4) Adaptability Trial of Upland Promising Varieties, Traditional Cultivars and Elite Lines in Mindanao, (5) Characterization of rice fields biophysical components and assessment of the population dynamics of the WSB and its natural enemies, (6) Combined effects of different crop establishments and harvest methods on the populations of white stemborer and its natural enemies, (7) Cloning of salinity tolerance gene/s from Nipa (Nypafruticans), (8) National Cooperative Test, and (9) Multi-adaptation trial of advanced breeding lines for irrigated lowland rice.
For the Development Division, the following studies/activities both core and externally funded projects and studies were implemented.
They were the following: (1) Utilization of Open Academy for Philippine Agriculture for Capability Enhancement of Rice Stakeholders in Mindanao;
(2) Development of Suitable Palayamanan Models as Strategy for Poverty Alleviation in Fragile and Food Insecure Rice-Based Communities; (3) Development of Community-Based Palayamanan System in the Upland for Increased Productivity and Food Sufficiency in Southern and Western Mindanao (under Upland Rice Development Program); (4) National Irrigation Sector Rehabilitation and Improvement Project (NISRIP) Agricultural Support Component, (5) JICA TCP5- Rice-Based Farming Technology Extension Project for Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM), and (6) The National Year of Rice Campaign.
There were 7,936 rice stakeholders (farmers, agricultural extension workers, high school and college students) from region IX, XI, XII, and ARMM who were informed about PhilRice e-services such as PhilRice Farmers’ Text Center, Pinoy Rice Knowledge Bank (Pinoy RKB), tips on how not to waste rice through series of information campaign conducted.
To ensure food availability and increasing the productivity of farmers, integrated rice-based farming system model or Palayamanan was established which showcased the rice+fish culture, used of organic fertilizer (vermin based) in vegetable production and recycling rice straw and stubbles in making mushroom spawn and as substrates. Moreover, there were
12 participatory demonstration farms (PDFs) cum seed production areas established in Lambayong River Irrigation System (Lam RIS), Lambayong, Sultan Kudarat and 4 PDFs in Mal RIS, Matanao, Davao del Sur, to attain the 1 ton per hectare yield increment in each Irrigator’s Association (IA) as project beneficiaries under the National Irrigation Sector Rehabilitation and Improvement Project (NISRIP) Agricultural Component.
In addition, there were 434 upland rice farmers trained through Upland Rice FFS in the Palayamanan sites in region IX, XII and ARMM to increase productivity and food sufficiency through the development of the community-based Palayamanan system in the upland by increasing the yields of upland rice by 0.5 t/ha.
In support for the agricultural development and productivity in the ARMM, there were 107 agricultural extension workers from Maguindanao, Lanao del Sur, Basilan, Sulu and Tawi-tawi who were trained in rice- based farming system to further enhance their technical and improve their extension services capability on production/post production through JICA- TCP5 project. A total of 25 FFS (known as Madrasa sa Basak) sites were established with about 852 farmers trained on rice–based farming system and 24 selected farmers through farmer- to- farmer extension approach.
Twenty-four Palayamanan model farms were established and managed by FTF extension worker with 243 farmers trained in the Palayamanan model farm. Ninety-eight (98) Bangsamoro women were trained on food preparation and processing for the family’s additional income.
In celebration of the National Year of Rice, series of information campaigns were conducted to various high school and college students from region IX and XII highlighting the advocacy on how to avoid rice wastage and eat other sources of carbohydrates and nationwide Run for Rice for the attainment of the government’s goal to be rice-sufficient in the country by 2013.
Evaluation of Breeding Lines for Pest Resistance ESPerialde, FPJ Tadle, CG Flores and IML Bauzon
Breeding for pest resistance at PhilRice recognizes the contribution of host plant resistance as an important component of pest management systems.
With new rice accessions from PhilRice and IRRI germplasm new hope is set to identify new sources of resistance gene for rice tungro virus (RTV), bacterial leaf blight (BLB), blast, sheath blight (ShB), rice black bug (RBB) and white stem borer (WSB). Hence, the primary objective of this study is to screen and identify breeding materials with resistance to these major insect pests and diseases of rice.
Highlights:
•
On Dry and Wet Seasons of 2013, a total of 781 advanced lines were screened following induced method to RTV and rice blast, 789 lines for BLB and ShB; and screening in natural methods to RBB and WSB under field condition.•
For RTV, all entries were rated resistant to rice tungro virus, 247 lines rated resistant to rice blast, 21 lines rated resistant to BLB and 82 lines rated resistance to sheath blight.•
For RBB and WSB screening, 797 lines were rated resistant to WSB deadhearts and 292 rated resistant to whiteheads. No RBB damage was observed due to very low population in the field.•
Fifteen samples from upland ecosystem were collected to be characterized for their reaction to 25 monogenic lines.Table 1. Reaction of advanced lines to major rice diseases and insect pests.
PhilRice Midsayap. DS and WS 2013.
Major Pest
No. of breeding
Lines
Pest Reaction
Resistant (R) Moderately
Resistant (MR) Intermediate (I) Susceptible (S)
Tungro 781 781 0 0 0
Rice blast 781 274 0 423 84
BLB 798 21 0 211 566
Sheath blight 798 82 0 426 290
WSB Deadhearts Whiteheads
798 797
292
1 235
0 180
0 91
Figure 1. Field screening set-ups of Rice Tungro (A) and major insect pest (B).
PhilRice Midsayap. Dry and Wet Seasons 2013.
Development of Irrigated Lowland Varieties with Resistance to Tungro and Bacterial Leaf Blight
SE Abdula, JL Ondoy and DAA Tabanao
Rice tungro virus (RTV) and bacterial leaf blight (BLB) are the major biotic constraints in many areas in Mindanao. Breeding for resistance is very important and considered the best strategy in addressing the problem. This study was initiated to introduce into elite new plant type (NPT) lines the RTV and BLB resistance genes.
Highlights
•
In 2013 DS, 357 entries comprised the F5 population.Agronomic data gathered were: 50% flowering date, maturity, plant height, grain type, leaf angle and strength.These entries were evaluated to various diseases like RTD, BLB, sheath blight and blast. White stemborer damage were also evaluated (Figure 2).
•
Results of 2013 DS (Figue 1) shows that most entries have the NPT characteristics plus resistance to RTV yet susceptible to BLB during the induced screening (Table 1). Semidwarf type of plants, early maturing, slender and weighty type of grains, strong and erect leaves were selected. Out of 357 entries, 73 of them were selected and advanced for the next season.•
In 2013 WS, 272 entries were evaluated again to major rice pests (RTD, BLB, sheath blight and blast). As shown in Table 2, all entries were resistant to RTD and more susceptible to BLB.•
23 Matatag series (6,10,11,12,15,16,17,18,19,21,24,25,26,27A B
,29,30,31,32,33,35,36,37,41) were seed-increased as sources of breeding materials.
Table 2. Disease Reaction of 357 and 272 entries during 2013 DS and WS.
Major Pests
Pest or Disease Reaction (2013 DS)
Major Pests
Pest or Disease Reaction (2013 WS)
Resistant (R)
Intermediate (I)
Susceptible (S) Total
Resistant (R)
Intermediate (I)
Susceptible (S) Total
Advanced Lines (357) Advanced Lines (272)
RTD 357 0 0 357 RTD 272 0 0 272
BLB 0 50 307 357 BLB 21 147 104 272
Blast 93 186 53 357 Blast 125 94 53 272
ShB 64 250 43 357 ShB 0 57 215 272
Figure 2. Agronomic data gathered from F5 population during the 2013 DS.
Figure 3. White stemborer (WSB) damage during reproductive phase of 2013 DS.
Development of Rainfed Lowland Varieties with Resistance to Tungro, Tolerant to Drought and Submergence
JM Niones, JL Ondoy, SE Abdula and DAA Tabanao
Diversity and variability of the environment in different rice-growing areas in the country make the development of variety and technology difficult. The implementation of the location-specific breeding of rice varieties is ideal. This study aimed to develop rainfed lowland rice varieties with RTD and BLB resistance and to develop rainfed lowland rice varieties with drought/submergence tolerance.
Highlights:
•
During 2013 DS, 117 entries (in drought condition) and 107 entries (in partially submerged condition) comprised the F5 population. Data gathered were plant height, maturity, strength, leaf angle, grain type and 1000-grain weight. Field reactions to major rice diseases were also evaluated (Table 3).•
F5 population under drought condition (Figure 5) was composed of many semi-dwarf, slender grain and early maturing type of plants. In partially submerged condition (Figure 4), most of it has semi-dwarf and medium height;slender grain and late maturing type of plants.
•
In terms of their 1000 grain weight, entries under drought condition weighed more compared to those entries under partially submerged condition. Under drought and partially submerged condition, all entries showed the same characteristics in terms of their strength (strong) and leaf angle (erect).•
As shown in Figure 4, all entries were resistant to RTD, had intermediate reaction to blast and sheath blight yet susceptible to BLB.Table 3. Disease reaction of 117 advanced lines during the 2013 DS.
Major Pests
Pest or Disease Reaction (2013 DS)
Resistant (R) Intermediate (I) Susceptible (S) Total Advanced Lines (117)
RTD 117 0 0 117
BLB 0 12 105 117
Rice blast 41 72 4 117
ShB 11 96 10 117
Figure 4. Agronomic data gathered under drought condition.
Figure 5. Agronomic data gathered under partially submerged condition.
Figure 6. White stemborer (WSB) damage during reproductive phase of 2013 DS.
Adaptability Trial of Upland Promising Varieties, Traditional Cultivars and Elite Lines in Mindanao
DAA Tabanao, JL Ondoy, AE Pocsedio and SE Abdulla
Traditionally, upland rice is grown by farmers just for subsistence consumption and for being tolerant to environment, biotic and abiotic stresses but whose yield potential is lower than the modern varieties.
Breeding for upland rice for wide range of adaptation, stable yield, accepted grain quality, tolerance to pests and drought would be a great help to the farmers in the marginal areas.
Highlights:
•
Established upland MET trial with 54 entries replicated twice in Sultan Kudarat State University (SKSU), Sen. Ninoy Aquino campus and Northern Mindanao Integrated Agricultural Research Center (NOMIARC), Brgy. Dalwangan, Bukidnon.•
Data were still being processed.Characterization of rice fields biophysical components and assessment of the population dynamics of the WSB and its natural enemies
GD Balleras, MS Doverte, LJ Pedregosa, and VV Casimero
In Midsayap, North Cotabato, existing municipal reports have revealed changes on biophysical structure of agricultural areas such as accessible farm-to-market roads, increased number of on-farm households’
settlements, widened National Irrigation Association (NIA) services, shifting cultivation, cutting of permanent crops and conversion of inland marsh to agricultural/residential and others. Such changes were perceived to have significant contribution to the ever-changing rice agro-ecosystem. Hence, the study focused in the documentation and assessment of biophysical and cultural management practices on WSB control. On-farm research and assessment of WSB population, damage, natural enemies’ composition, and yield are carried out in 14 farmers’ field. Data gathering was conducted at weekly interval thru direct counting, sweep netting, and destructive techniques. Collected insects were brought to the laboratory for proper taxonomic identification.
Highlights:
•
Based on visual and sweep netting data, only WSB moths and eggmass were recorded across cluster sites. The White stem borer (WSB) moths and egg mass were prevalent in fields with dominant vegetation cover of irrigated rice field + coconut + banana + grassland + vegetable (cluster 1) its population increased when plants reached the reproductive and ripening phase. Other stem borer species (SSB and PSB) were observed but in minimal counts.•
RSB larvae and pupae were prevalent starting from reproductive to ripening phase, but peaked during reproductive phase. SSB and PSB larvae and pupae were present in fields with dominant vegetation cover of rainfed rice field + irrigated field + coconut + mango + forest, + corn + banana + vegetable + grassland (cluster 2) and Swamp + inland marsh + irrigated lowland rice (cluster 3).•
The dramatic variation in agricultural vegetation, i.e. larger rice area planted, emergence of alternate hosts due to prolonged follow period, and presence of swamp and in-land marsh areas, has resulted in the occurrence of two other of RSB spp.-(SSB and PSB) and their population densities across cluster sites as noted in visual, sweep netting, and tiller dissections.
•
The natural enemies differed in their densities and abilities in response to vegetation cover and probably due to cultural management practices. For instance, the presence of woody and herbaceous vegetation may also act as sources of pollen and nectar, which are essential prerequisites for many natural enemies (Bugget al., 1998), thus likely affect natural enemy species compositions and degree of parasitism.•
Damaged was prevalent in cluster 1 that reached up to 12%but the RSB damaged did not reach the economic threshold level. This, remarkably, was due to the combined effort, diverse communities and timely arrival of natural enemies during critical phase of rice, therefore, cluster 1 yielded better than the two other clusters.
Combined effects of different crop establishment and harvest methods on the populations of white stemborer and its natural enemies
GD Balleras, MS Doverte, LJD Pedregosa, and VV Casimero
The severe infestation of white stemborer in Midsayap forced farmers to rely mainly on chemical pest control methods. Identification of cost-effective combination of crop establishment and harvest methods is imperative to mitigate the rice stemborer’s economic damage to attain optimum yield. Hence, the combined effects of two crop establishmenta and three harvest methods on RSB and its associated natural enemies’
populations in irrigated famer’s field in Mindanao were evaluated. Levels of insect pest and their associated natural enemies’ population were assessed at different growth stages up to fallow period using sweep netting, direct counting, and destructive sampling methods. Collected samples were brought in the laboratory for eggmass and parasitoids emergence, larva, pupa, and adult development, and proper taxonomic identification.
Highlights:
•
The prevalence of RSB population between direct seeding and transplanted fields as noted by direct counting of RSB moths and eggmass as well as tiller dissections of larva and pupa showed different results.•
White stem borer was the most dominant species of the 3 RSB species recorded. The degree of occurrence and infestation is influenced by the geometric planting design and seeding density•
Higher number of larva and pupa (WSB, SSB, PSB) wererecorded in transplanted fields with 27-32 cm standing stubble heights while stubbles cut closer to the ground (15-20cm) had the lowest individual count of RSB larva and pupa.
•
The activity of natural enemy’s interactions is affected primarily by the RSB population and crop density.•
These imply that RSB population is positively correlated to the effective predators and parasitoids’ population in transplanted fields.•
Transplanting method at recommended geometric planting design, seeding density and cutting the stubbles closer to the ground in saturated condition would minimize RSB population in the succeeding cropping season.Cloning of salinity tolerance gene/s from Nipa (Nypafruticans) SE Abdula, HJ Lee, DAA Tabanao and ET Rasco, Jr.
Nypafruticans, commonly known as the Nipa palm, is a species of palm native to the coastlines and estuarine habitats of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Because of its adaptation to salinity and other adverse conditions, gene mining of agronomically important traits in Nipa is of interest to researchers. The Salt Overly Sensitive (SOS) gene encodes a plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter that plays an important role in growth of plants under saline conditions. SOS genes have been isolated from many plant species, but none so far from Nipa. In this study, the gene encoding Nipa SOS was isolated.
Highlights:
•
A partial cDNA was amplified with a degenerate primer base pair, which was designed from conserved DNA sequences among different species.•
We obtained about 1.6 Kb-long partial sequence from Nipa.BLAST analysis showed that the Nipa SOS gene has a high homology to known SOS sequences, with the highest identity (88%) to the Oryza sativa SOS1 gene (AY785147.1). The partial sequences were highly conserved with NhaP-type Na+/
H+ and K+/H+ antiporters.
•
Characterization of its partial sequence and its mRNA expression is being conducted.Utilization of Open Academy for Philippine Agriculture for Capability Enhancement of Rice Stakeholders in Mindanao
OH Abdulkadil and RD Orejudos
The Open Academy for Philippine Agriculture program believes in the power of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in capacitating and in providing farmers, extension workers, and other stakeholders an easy access and reliable information to modern, appropriate and low-cost rice production technologies. An ICT is any device, tool, or application that permits the exchange or collection of data through interaction or transmission (Mcnamara et al., 2012). ICT is any communication device which encompasses radio, television, cellular phones, computer and network hardware and software, satellite systems and so on, as well as the various services and applications associated with them, such as videoconferencing and distance learning (Rouse, 2011). Mobile phones are but one form of ICT. Personal computers, laptops, the Internet, television, radio, and traditional newspapers are all used to promote improved rural development (Donovan, 2012).
These ICTs have a big role to play in modernizing Philippine agriculture. The use of these ICTs can help farmers and other stakeholders increase their farm productivity and income, especially those in rural areas, by accessing information and technologies developed by research institutions.
Information and communication have always mattered in agriculture. Public and private sector actors have long been on the search for effective solutions to address both the long- and short-term challenges in agriculture, including how to answer the abundant information needs of farmers. ICT is one of these solutions, and has recently unleashed incredible potential to improve agriculture in developing countries specifically
(Mcnamara et al., 2012).
The proliferation of mobile phones across the globe has impinged on agriculture in various ways. Mobile phones are being used to help raise farmers’ incomes, making agricultural marketing more efficient, lowering information costs, reducing transport costs, and providing a platform to deliver services and innovate. (Donovan, 2012). Awareness of up-to-date market information on prices of commodities, inputs and consumer trends can improve farmers’ livelihoods substantially and have a dramatic impact on their negotiating position. Such information is instrumental in making decisions about future crops and commodities and about the best time and place to sell and buy goods (Stienen et al., 2007).
Updated information allows the farmers to cope with and even
benefit from these changes. Providing such knowledge can be challenging, however, because the highly localized nature of agriculture means that information must be tailored specifically to distinct conditions (Mcnamara et al., 2012). Thus, this study was conducted to utilize various ICT modalities to help farmers increase their yield and income and to help the country achieve its goal to become rice self-sufficient. Specificaaly, it aimed to: (1) use ICTs to expedite the delivery of rice information, technologies, and other agriculture-related services to both farmers and extension workers in Northern Mindanao and ARMM provinces; (2) increase public awareness on the OPAPA services; (3) strengthen the technical capability of both farmers, agricultural extension workers and other rice stakeholders on the use of ICT- based modalities as means of information support and services delivery;
and (4) enhance and provide farmers’ access points in acquiring information and technologies in addressing farm problems.
Highlights:
For 2013, this study focused on the conduct of series of information
campaign among farmers, agricultural extension workers (AEWs), high school and university students in regions IX, XII, and ARMM (Figure 7 and 8).
•
In Region IX, 3,971 students, farmers, and other stakeholders were informed about the PhilRice e-services owing to the conduct of information awareness in different schools in Zamboanga del Sur such as the JH Cerilles State College (JHCSC), Main Campus, JHCSC Laboratory High School, Dao- an National High School, Molave Vocational and Technical School, and JHCSC Dumingag Campus.•
In Region XII, 2458 stakeholders were informed about the PhilRice e-services thru the conduct of information awareness during activities such as Usapang Palay in different Barangays of Libungan, Midsayap, and Pigcawayan; National Year of Rice Campaign, and Rice Interactive Exhibit benefiting high school students from Midsayap.•
In the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM), 854 stakeholders were informed about the PhilRice e-services during the activities conducted such as the JICA TCP5Trainings.
•
In Region XI, 653 farmers were informed about the PhilRice e-services thru the activities conducted by the COCOPAL project.Figure 7. High school students listening to the speaker giving tips on how to save rice and avoid rice wastage in their respective home, during the series of National Year of Rice information campaign in Zamboanga del Sur.
Figure 8. Agricultural extension workers (AEWs) from ARMM listening to the NYR campaign conducted during the JICA-TCP5 5-day specialized training course for ATs
Development of Suitable Palayamanan Models as Strategy for Poverty Alleviation in Fragile and Food Insecure Rice- based Communities ES Perialde, OH Abdulkadil, GV Romarez, IML Bauzon, JO Balleras and VV Casimero
Establishment of a diversified and an integrated rice-based farming system model or Palayamanan (Figure 9) is expected to ensure food availability and increase the productivity that will ultimately redound to increased income of the farmers thereby stabilizing the economy of the farm families. It is also an alternative system of production that can solve intensive rice production and effective approach to combat malnutrition and poverty.
Highlights:
•
On WS 2013, rice + fish culture was established with an area of 336 m2 with 1,600 fingerlings of Tilapia released at 15 days after transplanting of the rice seedlings. Rice production attained 2.7 t/ha however, Tilapia was not yet in harvestable size as of December 2013.•
For vegetable, organic fertilizer (vermi based) was used for production of Ampalaya, Eggplant, Tomato and Pechay which gave a net income of P2, 450.00.•
For livestock (Mallard and Muscovy ducks and chicken), half- filled palay from seed production was served as feeds. Among the components, mallard duck egg production gave high net income of P14, 615.00.•
For biomass resource recycling, rice straw and stubbles were used as substrate for spawn and mushroom production. The produced spawn was distributed to 35 Agricultural Extension Workers (AEWs) and 30 rice farmers from Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM).•
Technology demonstration on carbonized rice hull (CRH), spawn and mushroom production and indigenous microorganisms (IMO) production was conducted to 35 trainees of Catholic Relief Services and 35 Agricultural Extension Workers from ARMM during training of trainers (TOT).Figure 9. Rice + vegetable; Rice + fish; Rice + ducks farming systems
Abbreviations and acronymns
ABA – Abscicic acid Ac – anther culture AC – amylose content
AESA – Agro-ecosystems Analysis AEW – agricultural extension workers AG – anaerobic germination AIS – Agricultural Information System ANOVA – analysis of variance AON – advance observation nursery AT – agricultural technologist AYT – advanced yield trial BCA – biological control agent BLB – bacterial leaf blight BLS – bacterial leaf streak BPH – brown planthopper Bo - boron
BR – brown rice
BSWM – Bureau of Soils and Water Management
Ca - Calcium
CARP – Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program
cav – cavan, usually 50 kg CBFM – community-based forestry management
CLSU – Central Luzon State University cm – centimeter
CMS – cystoplasmic male sterile CP – protein content
CRH – carbonized rice hull CTRHC – continuous-type rice hull carbonizer
CT – conventional tillage Cu – copper
DA – Department of Agriculture DA-RFU – Department of Agriculture- Regional Field Units
DAE – days after emergence DAS – days after seeding DAT – days after transplanting DBMS – database management system DDTK – disease diagnostic tool kit DENR – Department of Environment and Natural Resources
DH L– double haploid lines DRR – drought recovery rate DS – dry season
DSA - diversity and stress adaptation DSR – direct seeded rice
DUST – distinctness, uniformity and stability trial
DWSR – direct wet-seeded rice EGS – early generation screening EH – early heading
EMBI – effective microorganism-based inoculant
EPI – early panicle initiation ET – early tillering
FAO – Food and Agriculture Organization Fe – Iron
FFA – free fatty acid
FFP – farmer’s fertilizer practice FFS – farmers’ field school FGD – focus group discussion FI – farmer innovator
FSSP – Food Staples Self-sufficiency Plan g – gram
GAS – golden apple snail GC – gel consistency
GIS – geographic information system GHG – greenhouse gas
GLH – green leafhopper GPS – global positioning system GQ – grain quality
GUI – graphical user interface GWS – genomwide selection GYT – general yield trial h – hour
ha – hectare
HIP - high inorganic phosphate HPL – hybrid parental line I - intermediate
ICIS – International Crop Information System
ICT – information and communication technology
IMO – indigenous microorganism IF – inorganic fertilizer
INGER - International Network for Genetic Evaluation of Rice
IP – insect pest
IPDTK – insect pest diagnostic tool kit IPM – Integrated Pest Management IRRI – International Rice Research Institute IVC – in vitro culture
IVM – in vitro mutagenesis
IWM – integrated weed management JICA – Japan International Cooperation Agency
K – potassium kg – kilogram
KP – knowledge product
KSL – knowledge sharing and learning LCC – leaf color chart
LDIS – low-cost drip irrigation system LeD – leaf drying
LeR – leaf rolling lpa – low phytic acid LGU – local government unit
LSTD – location specific technology development
m – meter
MAS – marker-assisted selection MAT – Multi-Adaption Trial MC – moisture content
MDDST – modified dry direct seeding technique
MET – multi-environment trial MFE – male fertile environment MLM – mixed-effects linear model Mg – magnesium
Mn – Manganese
MDDST – Modified Dry Direct Seeding Technique
MOET – minus one element technique MR – moderately resistant
MRT – Mobile Rice TeknoKlinik MSE – male-sterile environment MT – minimum tillage mtha-¹ - metric ton per hectare MYT – multi-location yield trials N – nitrogen
NAFC – National Agricultural and Fishery Council
NBS – narrow brown spot
NCT – National Cooperative Testing NFA – National Food Authority NGO – non-government organization NE – natural enemies
NIL – near isogenic line NM – Nutrient Manager
NOPT – Nutrient Omission Plot Technique NR – new reagent
NSIC – National Seed Industry Council NSQCS – National Seed Quality Control Services
OF – organic fertilizer OFT – on-farm trial OM – organic matter ON – observational nursery
OPAg – Office of Provincial Agriculturist OpAPA – Open Academy for Philippine Agriculture
P – phosphorus PA – phytic acid
PCR – Polymerase chain reaction PDW – plant dry weight PF – participating farmer PFS – PalayCheck field school
PhilRice – Philippine Rice Research Institute PhilSCAT – Philippine-Sino Center for Agricultural Technology
PHilMech – Philippine Center for Postharvest Development and Mechanization
PCA – principal component analysis
PI – panicle initiation PN – pedigree nursery
PRKB – Pinoy Rice Knowledge Bank PTD – participatory technology development
PYT – preliminary yield trial QTL – quantitative trait loci R - resistant
RBB – rice black bug
RCBD – randomized complete block design RDI – regulated deficit irrigation
RF – rainfed RP – resource person RPM – revolution per minute
RQCS – Rice Quality Classification Software RS4D – Rice Science for Development RSO – rice sufficiency officer RFL – Rainfed lowland RTV – rice tungro virus
RTWG – Rice Technical Working Group S – sulfur
SACLOB – Sealed Storage Enclosure for Rice Seeds
SALT – Sloping Agricultural Land Technology SB – sheath blight
SFR – small farm reservoir SME – small-medium enterprise SMS – short message service SN – source nursery
SSNM – site-specific nutrient management SSR – simple sequence repeat
STK – soil test kit
STR – sequence tandem repeat SV – seedling vigor
t – ton
TCN – testcross nursery
TCP – technical cooperation project TGMS – thermo-sensitive genetic male sterile
TN – testcross nursery TOT – training of trainers TPR – transplanted rice TRV – traditional variety TSS – total soluble solid UEM – ultra-early maturing
UPLB – University of the Philippines Los Baños
VSU – Visayas State University WBPH – white-backed planthopper WEPP – water erosion prediction project WHC – water holding capacity WHO – World Health Organization WS – wet season
WT – weed tolerance YA – yield advantage Zn – zinc
ZT – zero tillage
List of Tables
Page Table 1. Reaction of advanced lines to major rice diseases and
insect pests. PhilRice Midsayap. DS and WS 2013. 3 Table 2. Disease Reaction of 357 and 272 entries during 2013
DS and WS. 4
Table 3. Disease reaction of 117 advanced lines during the
2013 DS. 7
List of Figures
Page Figure 1. Field screening set-ups of Rice Tungro (A) and major
insect pest (B).PhilRice Midsayap. Dry and Wet Seasons 2013.
4
Figure 2. Agronomic data gathered from F5 population during
the 2013 DS. 5
Figure 3. White stemborer (WSB) damage during
reproductive phase of 2013 DS. 6
Figure 4. Agronomic data gathered under drought condition. 7 Figure 5. Agronomic data gathered under partially submerged
condition. 8
Figure 6. White stemborer (WSB) damage during
reproductive phase of 2013 DS. 8
Figure 7. High school students listening to the speaker giving tips on how to save rice and avoid rice wastage in their respective home, during the series of National Year of Rice information campaign in Zamboanga del Sur.
14
Figure 8. Agricultural extension workers (AEWs) from ARMM listening to the NYR campaign conducted during the JICA- TCP5 5-day specialized training course for ATs
14
Figure 9. Rice + vegetable; Rice + fish; Rice + ducks farming
systems 16
