The majority (85%) of mutants had panicles with secondary branching compared to the non-branching panicles of the wild type. Grain length (a), width (b) and shape (c) of the selected mutant lines compared to the wild type.
Summary and Discussion
Cluster analysis using the simple match coefficient of 46 SSR polymorphic markers separated the mutant lines from the wild type; creating two larger clusters with 50% similarity. Seven (13%) mutant lines separated into individual subgroups, indicating that these lines are molecularly unique from the remaining mutant lines.
Acknowledgment
Literature Cited
POTENTIAL OF Euphorbia hirta ETHANOLIC EXTRACT AS MOLLUSCICIDE
AGAINST Pomacea canaliculata
Abstract
Introduction
FULL PAPER
As niclosamide is applied to freshwater tributaries, it is expected to have environmental impacts (WHO, 1997). With its bioactive components, it is known for its contribution as a herbal remedy in numerous diseases such as asthma and dengue.
Materials and Methods
According to Kumar et al. 2010), tawa-tawa has antibacterial, anthelmintic, antiasthmatic, sedative, antispasmodic, antifertility, antifungal and antimalarial properties. Shell height was measured from the top to the bottom edge of the opening (Joshi et al., 2005).
Results and Discussion
This implies that the effectiveness of the Euphorbia hirta as a molluscicide against Pomacea canaliculata increases as the concentration of the treatment increases. The regression equation is = 1.8562X + 3.0712 with concentration of Euphorbia hirta as X variable and percentage mortality of Pomacea canaliculata as Y variable.
Conclusion
Dela Cruz, MS, Joshi R (2001) Reevaluation of the bioefficacy of commercial molluscicide formulations on the golden apple snail Pomacea canaliculata. Molluscicidal activity of aqueous extract of garlic bulb (Allium sativum L.) against golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata L.).
INTERDEPENDENT TRAIT SELECTION AMONG RICE (Oryza sativa L.) GENOTYPES FOR LODGING
TOLERANCE UNDER DIRECT-SEEDED CONDITION THROUGH SEQUENTIAL MULTIVARIATE
Data of 43 rice genotypes at the ripening stage under direct seeding conditions (seedling height, leaf characteristics, stem length and diameter, panicle number and length, grain length and grain width). Furthermore, Multiple Correspondence Analysis determines the diversity of 19 Ql traits (Greenacre and Blasius, 2006; Abdi and Valentin, 2007).
Results
NSIC Rc 300 registered in the shortest 1st to 3rd internode while it had the longest 5th internode of 37.6 cm (Fig. 5). Light micrographs of the thickness of the column wall and sclerenchymatous ring in the middle part of the 5th internode.
Discussion
Medium negative r was calculated between push resistance and carbon number per linear meter (r -0.37) and panic rate per linear meter (r -0.31). The coefficient of determination (r2) is more useful than r as it provides a more plausible statistical explanation of the relationship between push resistance and phenotypic traits. Rotation of eigenvectors (factors) is essential to obtain a simple structure (Bryant and Yarnold, 1995), where correlated features for push resistance follow the oblique rotation.
The division of 43 rice genotypes into four types of clusters based on pushing resistance and correlated traits using Ward method in Euclidian Distance.
Acknowledgments
Cluster analysis presents a comprehensive picture of the variation present among 43 rice genotypes and provides rice breeders with a more sustainable approach to improving genetic diversity and combination. Based on the results of the study, genotypes with a tensile strength of 1.01-1.08 kg cm2 had push resistance comparable to NSIC Rc 240 and had peak strength better than PSB Rc4; showing high tolerance to accommodation during maturation. It was observed that the increase in the number of crowns negatively affects the strength and elasticity of the stem as the number increases above 100 bricks per linear meter.
Kashiwagi T, Sasaki H, Ishimaru K (2005 ) Factors responsible for the reduction of tiller persistence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) establishment.
POLLEN FERTILITY AND YIELD PARAMETERS OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.) UNDER HIGH
TEMPERATURE ENVIRONMENTS
Abtract
Many of the selected lines, which showed 80% pollen fertility, had grain yields of more than 500 g m-2. Most of the selected genotypes were derived from the Hanareumbyeo/N22 cross under the NE-GH experiment. Most selections with more than 80% pollen fertility came from the offspring of Gayabyeo/N22.
Most of the selections with pollen fertility of at least 60% had grain yields of more than 500 g m-2.
INTERFERENCE OF Commelina diffusa BURM. F
ON RICE GROWTH AND YIELD
Similarly, a t-test was used to compare grain yield reduction between transplanted and direct-sown rice under different C. On the other hand, significant differences were observed in shoot dry weight, panicle-1 grain number, percentage of filled spikelets, and grain yield. Grain yield (GY) of transplanted rice was also highest (28.1 g plant-1) when weeded at 0 density in pot-1.
Reductions (%) on agronomic, yield components and grain yield parameters of rice as affected by different densities of Commelina diffusa L.
Conclusion and Recommendation
International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines Chauhan BS (2012) Weed control in rice by direct seeding. Philippine Rice Research Institute, Maligaya, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija [EPPO] European Plant Protection Organization (2019) EPPO. Philippine Rice Research Institute, Maligaya, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines [PhilRice] Philippine Rice Research Institute (2007) Integrated.
Philippine Rice Research Institute, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija Rao AN, Chandrasena N, Matsumoto H (2017) Rižev plevel.
QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS AND CONSUMER ACCEPTABILITY OF RICE: ADLAI BLEND
The gelatinization property of the samples was determined based on the modified method of Manaois (2007) using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) (TA Q100, TA Instruments, Newcastle, DE). Also, pure Ginampay had generally the same sensory properties as pure rice. To determine consumer preferences and acceptability of the samples, three 50:50 rice:adlai mixtures were subjected to a consumer test (Figure 2).
The high gelatinization property of adlai was positively correlated with longer cooking time of the rice:adlai blends, but the effect depended on the variety and ratio of adlai.
RICE FARMERS’ VULNERABILITY TO DROUGHT HAZARDS AND THEIR AUTONOMOUS
Drought is one of the hazards associated with climate change that adversely affects households. Over the years, the global extent of drought has increased significantly, with climate change identified as a key factor. Severe drought events affect a large percentage of the world's land area, which more than doubled from the 1970s to the early 2000s (Isendahl and Schmidt, 2006; NCAR and UCAR, 2005).
Based on climate models, future projections of drought indicate that a very significant portion of the global land area will be affected by extreme levels of the hazard.
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES IN CENTRAL LUZON, PHILIPPINES
The estimated probability was used as a measure of household vulnerability due to drought events. To address these issues, Tobit regression using the predicted probability of adaptation that we obtain from the previously discussed probit regression of the determinants of use of farm-based adaptation strategies was applied. To better understand households' choice of farm-based adaptation strategies, the sample was further divided by degree of vulnerability, farm size categories and female dominance in agricultural and non-agricultural decision-making.
However, extension visits (i.e. the overidentifying variable) are associated with a lower likelihood of using agricultural-based drought adaptation strategies.
Conclusion and Recommendations
Consequently, the interaction between crop impacts and the estimated likelihood of adaptation was also not associated with household vulnerability to expected poverty. Vulnerability assessment using Vulnerability to Expected Poverty (VEP) was also conducted in this study. Study results showed that drought, due to its periodic or infrequent but extreme nature, had no effect on household vulnerability to expected poverty.
On the other hand, the results showed that floods, which affect crop production, increase household vulnerability to expected poverty.
LEARNING BY DOING: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS
IN AGRICULTURE AT PHILRICE
However, there are few publications that discuss the impact of internship experience on students' career choice. This paper addresses the agriculture sector highlighting the partnership between the Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice) and State University and Colleges (SUCs) as a case study. This is the first formal study on the impact of the internship on the career path of students and as a model in the formation of the next generation of agricultural research, development and extension workers in the country and in the world.
With the vision of “Rice-Secure Philippines,” PhilRice aims to equip Filipino rice farmers and the Philippine rice industry to be competitive through research for development.
Objectives of the Study
Framework
A season-long involvement of students with specific study related to the normal operation of the hybrid rice breeding and seed production group. Based on the results, 83% of the students noted that the most relevant part of the training was their engagement in actual field operations. Ninety percent of the students are already employed (Figure 3), of which 75% enter the agricultural sector (Figure 4).
Of the students who participated in the internship at PBBD- Hybrid Rice Breeding group, 60%.
Summary and Conclusions
We need research institutions like PhilRice as partners to fill the gaps that academia cannot provide to students. As a result of the training, two students presented their thesis results at the scientific conference of the Culture Science Society of the Philippines (CSSP) in Legazpi City, Albay in 2008. This is a good encouragement for the students to continue to conduct research not only at the local level but in the international forum.
IMPACT OF LASER LAND LEVELING IN RAINFED LOWLAND AREAS IN ILOILO
Farmer 1 (lower toposequence) – Located in the lower part (9.66m above sea level; 10º48’44”
It has a good water source for supplementary irrigation in the wet season and in summer.
Farmer 3 (upper toposequence) – Located in the upper area (43.8 m above sea level; 10º
Grain yield (t ha-1) of laser leveled field with nutrient management compared to the farmer's leveled field. Effect of laser leveling and weed management Higher grain yields were harvested from all laser leveled fields than on the farmer's leveled field. Grain yield (t/ha) of laser leveled field with weed control compared to the farmer's leveled field.
The height difference of the laser leveled field was smaller than the farmer's leveled field (using wooden planks) and it reached the ±2 cm accuracy level of the Key Check 2 PalayCheck System©.
Recommendation
Therefore, it can be assumed that laser-guided leveling does not directly affect the yield. Although laser-guided soil leveling did not directly affect yield, research showed that it can address soil fragmentation.
Appendix Tables
EVALUATION OF ORGANIC NITROGEN SOURCES TO FURTHER INCREASE YIELD IN AN ORGANIC-
BASED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT IN IRRIGATED PADDY SOILS
RESEARCH NOTE
The grain yield achieved by LCC 3 and LCC 4 was comparable regardless of the base and top fertilizer treatments used (Table 2). Average grain yield (t ha-1) of rice plants applied with RSCM as basal fertilizer and with different top dressing fertilizers based on LCC reading. Average grain yield (t ha-1) of rice plants applied with RSC and RSCM as basal fertilizers and with different top dressing fertilizers based on LCC reading.
However, grain yield did not differ significantly from LCC 3 and LCC 4 as a basis for top fertilization and between the use of WSF and urea.
Summary and Conclusion
Therefore, the use of organic fertilizers and composted organic materials along with chemical fertilizers can be effective to further increase crop yield (Ibrahim et al., 2008). However, such approaches are complex because they depend on interactions between green manure, environment and management (Cherr et al., 2006). Tithonia diversifolia (wild sunflower, WSF) is a high quality organic resource in terms of nutrient release and supply capacity (Nziguheba, et al., 1998; Olabode et al., 2007).
Javier EF, Santin CA, Grospe FS, Rivera JM, Torreña PS, Boholano IV, Liboon, S (2007) Long-term use of organic fertilizers in irrigated lowland rice soil.
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