One of the constraints in growing rice is high temperature or heat stress due to climate change. Breeding heat tolerant varieties is one of the priorities for rice plants to cope with high temperature stress.
Results and Discussion
The pollen fecundity of the breeding populations and its correlation to important morphological traits were determined. Percent pollen fertility (PPF) was calculated using the protocol as described in the Standard Evaluation System (SES) (IRRI, 2014).
Conclusion
Acknowledgment
Literature Cited
Rice breeding for high temperature tolerance in the Philippines Mackill D, Coffman W, Rutger J (1982) Pollen excretion and. Manigbas NL, Grospe JL, Madrid LB (2018) Meta-comparison of associated agronomic traits and QTLs with high temperature tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.).
FULL PAPER
UNCOVERING NATURALLY OCCURING BACTERIAL LEAF BLIGHT RESISTANCE GENE AMONG MAINTAINER
LINES AND DEVELOPMENT OF RESISTANT LINES
Abstract
Introduction
This may be attributed to the genotypic background of the BLB resistance gene donor and the backcross method used to introduce the resistance gene. This study explored the natural BLB resistance gene among germplasm harboring the rice three-line hybrid breeding program and the use of forward breeding and marker-assisted selection (MAS) to incorporate the resistance gene for the development of a new line source. holder with BLB resistance.
Materials and Methods
Uncovering naturally occurring BLB resistance gene among maintenance lines and development of resistant lines Table 6. The newly developed lines in this study were produced from the development of BLB resistance gene in maintenance lines.
YIELD RESPONSE TO THE KEY CHECKS OF PALAYCHECK ® SYSTEM: AN EARLY FARM-LEVEL
OBSERVATION
Another important feature of the PalayCheck® system is that Key Checks (KCs) are related to good management practices. Researchers claim that achieving one additional KC can increase the effect of the other.
PHILRICE AS AN INNOVATIONS BROKER
In agricultural organizations, being innovative means being able to respond to the demands of major issues such as climate.
THE CASE OF THE PROJECT ‘WHAT IS A CLIMATE CHANGE-ADAPTIVE SCHOOL?’
Network orchestration refers to “a set of intentional actions taken by a network orchestrator when seeking to create value with and extract value from a network” (Batterink et al., 2010). Therefore, key school officials and all the activities expected of the participating teachers were involved in the project of conceptualizing a school adapted to climate change. In the training, the teachers were introduced to PhilRice's various climate change adaptation technologies.
PhilRice as a facilitator of innovation: the case of the project “What is a climate-adapted school?” .. Institute of Agricultural Training and Farm Tourism).
Recommendation
PhilRice as an Innovations Broker: Case of the Project 'What is a Climate Change-Adaptive School?'. In the literature, a point emerges that among the issues in innovation brokerage is the possible conflict in the broker's identity. In retrospect, what made this possible was the setup of the project - it was to explore possible strategies and/or technologies that can be showcased.
This can be explored by breeders either for crossbreeding activities or faster generational progression of breeding lines (Manigbas and Lambio, 2015).
LONG DARK PERIOD TREATMENT ON RICE
Rice is a short-day plant, but its flowering period can be delayed or prevented by long-term treatment (Liang and Liu, 1983; Shimamoto and Yokoi, 2005; Izawa, 2007). Flowering is initiated in a controlled state where day length can be manipulated using the Rapid Generation Advance (RGA) technique. Manigbas and Lambio (2015) described the effective use of RGA to reduce the reproductive cycle in rice.
1996) used this method in rice breeding using closely spaced plants and artificial short day periods to reduce growing time. 2017) review the evidence in favor of using RGA as a routine breeding method at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) to widely re-establish RGA as the main breeding method for irrigated rice breeding.
IMPLICATION ON RAPID GENERATION ADVANCE IN VARIETY DEVELOPMENT
The process was done by long dark period (15 hours) or short day (9 hours) period at the PhilRice old RGA facility. The long dark period treatment was stopped when 50% of the plants in each population had already flowered. Four released varieties (Table 1) with different maturities were planted in pushcarts (Figure 1) for RGA or long dark period and in the field for normal day length period treatments.
With this method 3 - 4 filial generation can be produced in a year using long dark period treatment in the new RGA facility.
AUTOMATED SIZE AND SHAPE MEASUREMENT FOR BROWN AND MILLED RICE USING DIGITAL
A flatbed scanner (ScanJet Model G3110, Hewlett Packard, Palo Alto, CA, USA) was used to scan color images of rice kernels. The same procedure was used to evaluate the performance of the kernel width estimation model. Another program was written to estimate the length and width of the nuclei using the model developed in the previous step.
Using the same Python program, the length and width of the kernels were calculated from the scanned images.
Materials and Method
One of the mitigation technologies is the development of rice varieties that can survive complete submergence. However, tolerance must be accompanied by an acceptable phenotype, grain yield, and good grain quality, as these factors dictate the release, market value, and acceptance of rice (Laborte et al., 2015). Plants regenerated from cultured explants and isolated protoplasts can show significant differences from donor plants, which is considered a potential source of plant improvement (Larkin and Scowcroft, 1981).
This study used a tissue culture technique using young rice inflorescence to improve PSB Rc 68, especially its grain quality.
FIELD PERFORMANCE OF IMPROVED SOMACLONES FROM IN VITRO CULTURE RICE VARIETY PSB Rc 68
UNDER COMPLETE SUBMERGENCE
Brown rice (a), milled rice (b), and heading rice (c) of the IVC lines classified based on the published categories in the NCT manual, PhilRice, 1997. Survival of the IVC lines under submergence compared to the tolerant control , FR13A, and the wild type, PSB Rc 68. Phenotype of some of the selected IVC lines with tolerance to submergence at seedling stage and improved grain quality traits.
Under both NSTR and STR, yield of the IVC lines was comparable to the checks PSB Rc 68, IR64 and IR64-Sub1.
Literature cited
Mishra G, Anacleto R, Badoni S, Butardo V, Molina L, Graner A, Demont M, Morell, MK, Sreenivasulu N (2019) Dissecting the genome-wide genetic variants of milling and appearance quality traits in rice. Panda D, Sharma SG, Sarkar RK (2008) Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, CO2 photosynthetic rate and regeneration capacity as a result of complete submergence and subsequent reemergence in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Pillai MA, Andrew-Peter-Leon MT, Ramchander S, Kumar KK, Muthamilarasan M (2021) Assessment of efficiency of gamma irradiation mutagenesis in plant height and days to maturity through expression analysis in rice.
Ujiie S, Saito T and Kato C (1956) On the change in morphological characters of flood damage in the rice plant.
GENDER MAINSTREAMING IN PHILIPPINE RICE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: PROGRESS,
However, there is a dearth of data that can provide tangible and tenable information that points to the role of government agencies in ensuring that “no Filipino will be left behind” – the primary goal of GAD. More importantly, they do not provide the necessary data regarding gender mainstreaming – the promotion and fulfillment of women's human rights and elimination of gender discrimination in the systems, structures, policies, programs, processes and procedures of government agencies (PCW, 2016a). It should be noted that gender mainstreaming is one of the most undocumented areas on GAD.
This lack of data provides an opportunity to conduct a deeper and further analysis for better and clearer understanding of gender mainstreaming as a strategy to achieve inclusive development.
CHALLENGES, AND OPPORTUNITIES
The ToC is useful to find out the progress of implementing gender mainstreaming in rice R4D and the challenges posed by its implementation. The first section assesses the progress (if any) of gender mainstreaming in the field of rice R4D. This was followed by a discussion of the inherent challenges of gender mainstreaming vis-à-vis its progress in the context of R4D.
Compared to the current status of gender mainstreaming in PhilRice, most of the opportunities identified by conclusion-driven proposal are tenfold remote.
Conclusion and Recommendations
The researchers wish to acknowledge the contributions of the following PhilRice staff members as GFPS members who primarily lead gender mainstreaming initiatives: Dr. Bowen GA (2009) Document analysis as a qualitative research method. 1989) Thinking lightly about others: Automatic components of the social reasoning process. PCW [Philippine Commission on Women] (2016a) Handbook on the Application of the Enhanced Gender Mainstreaming Assessment Framework.
The 2019 National Nutrition Survey (NNS) of the Food and Nutrition Research Institute (DOST-FNRI) of the DOST showed that 19 out of every 100 Filipino children under the age of 5 were underweight; 29, stunted;.
ANTHROPOMETRIC ASSESSMENT OF MALNUTRITION AMONG 0-12-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN IN RICE FARMING
The World Health Organization (WHO, 2020) defines malnutrition as "deficiencies, excesses or imbalances in the individual's intake of energy and/or nutrients" that continues to claim millions of children's lives. Childhood malnutrition is a major global health problem that contributes to increased morbidity and mortality, impaired intellectual development, suboptimal working capacity for adults and increased risk of disease in adulthood (WHO, 2012). A joint report by the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), WHO and the World Bank (2021) found that 59% and 72% of all children affected by stunting and stunting, respectively, are found in countries with lower middle income; while 45% of overweight children live in countries with high middle income.
AREAS IN THE PHILIPPINES
Anthropometric assessment of malnutrition among 0-12 year old children in rice growing areas of the Philippines. Anthropometric assessment of malnutrition among 0-12 year old children in rice growing areas of the Philippines Table 4. Overnutrition was also observed, with 16% of children in the age group surveyed being overweight.
Anthropometric assessment of malnutrition among 0-12 year old children in rice growing areas of the Philippines.
TRADITIONAL UPLAND RICE-BASED PRODUCTION PRACTICES IN LAKE SEBU, SOUTH COTABATO,
PHILIPPINES AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS ON DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS
ABSTRACT
Unsustainable agriculture has been identified as one of the main causes of agro-biodiversity loss (UN, 2018). It is possible that the bird's appearance represents the "spring season" just like in the western countries that go through four seasons. Based on the results, there is a need to theorize the project's development efforts for future implementation.
Therefore, there is a need to continue to strengthen the participants' abilities to maintain the progress after the end of the project.
GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF SELECTED PHILIPPINE WILD RICE (ORYZA SPP.) USING SSR
These wild rice species represent a rich source of genes for rice improvement, including genes for disease and insect resistance and tolerance to abiotic stresses such as drought and salinity. These wild Oryza species are actually grass-like plants that are phenotypically inferior in agronomic traits such as poor plant type, low grain yield, poor grain type, and are destructive in nature (Ali et al., 2010). Limited resources of sheath blight resistance in cultivated rice hinder the development of host resistance.
The attention given to wild relatives of rice has increased since the evaluation of this microplasma revealed new sources of resistance to pests and.
MARKERS
The wild species of the genus Oryza consists of two domesticated species (O. sativa and O. glaberrima) and 22 wild species (Vaughan, 1994), representing 15 - 25 million years of evolutionary diversification. Wild species show tremendous diversity in morphological traits, height, cultivation, flowering, growth habit, panicle, leaf, crown and seed characteristics, as well as adaptation to different habitats and agronomic traits. Wild species of rice plants are valuable resources and serve as a virtually untapped reservoir of genetic diversity that can be used to improve rice through breeding programs.
All wild species in the genus Oryza serve as a gene pool that can be used to expand the genetic background of cultivated rice in breeding programs carried out in extensive hybridization for rice improvement.
RESEARCH NOTE
Techniques to transfer genes from wild rice to cultivated rice are also becoming more available. Therefore, conservation of this vast wild rice germplasm will be an opportunity for rice breeders to explore a number of useful traits not present in the cultivated rice for rice improvement (Borromeo et al., 1994). Representative 8% non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrogram showing banding polymorphic patterns of wild rice relatives using RM27233.
Genetic characterization of selected Philippine wild rice (Oryza Spp.) using Ssr markers Borromeo TH, Sanchez PL, Vaughan DA (1994) Wild rice of.
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SCOPE
AUTHOR’S GUIDELINES
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The conclusion summarizes the general or main impacts and main points of the current studies.
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