Property rights and collective action in the management of mangrove ecosystems: Implications of adopting mangrove-friendly aquaculture. Juvenile hormone (JH) and serotonin (5-HT) have previously been shown to increase mictic (sexual) female production of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis in batch cultures.
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More collaboration with the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) and the private sector is in the offing. She reports that their research in Laguna Lake-raised tilapia showed a 3% growth in the fish after one generation of offspring.
We are developing a simplified, farmer-oriented selection procedure for tilapia broodstock
The first selection for length involves obtaining the average leg length by measuring a random sample of 100-200 legs. This will be the unselected control group that can be used for testing the growth performance of the subsequent tilapia offspring. The best way to do this is to compare the growth rate of the offspring of the selected breeding stock with that of the unselected control group.
This control group should be reared under the same conditions as the selected hatchery, that is, they should be provided with the same stocking and management schemes as that of the selected group. The size of the fingerlings (20 from the selected group and 20 from the unselected) must be the same to within one millimeter and must be reared in at least three small cages. This selective breeding program, although simple and inexpensive, requires facilities, labor, commitment and serious record keeping on the part of the farmer.
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If the sexes of these selected fish can already be distinguished, the males and females should be cultured separately. Only the largest 10% of both the male and the female are selected as the selected spawners. They should be kept together in a separate breeding pond, cage or tank, taking special care that no other fish except the selected spawners are in the facility.
These fish will now be the selected broodstock that will be used to produce the first selected generation of fish as well as the production fish sold for sale. He must grow the offspring of both the selected breeding stock and the unselected or control fish together in the same environment. He then takes monthly length measurements of all fish until some data is ready for evaluation.
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Penaeid shrimp is the largest species produced and is found in all coastal waters near estuaries, at depths of 30-40 meters. One is mangrove crab or mud crab (Scylla serrata) and the other is sea crab or swimming crab (Pertunidae spp.). They are not fully exploited due to traditional fishing technology and the difficulty of reaching the fishing grounds.
Species in this group include the yellowtail (Caesio spp.), easier to catch and trade due to its high economic value. There are 100 species of mollusks (Pelecypoda), 1500 species of snails (Gastropoda), 65 species of sea cucumbers (Holothurioidae) and two genera of cephalopods.
The fishery resources of Indonesia
Indonesia is the newest member of SEAFDEC
As an ASEAN member country, Indonesia faces similar problems with the other countries in the region. SEAFDEC can fit into Indonesia's national plans by promoting a technical capacity building program in collaboration with aquaculture centers in the country. Secondly, environmental protection and environmentally friendly methods are observed in the implementation of the program.
Environment) were invited to participate in the preparation and implementation of related programs. Which do you think other countries should adopt (for example Indonesia's indigenous technologies). Efforts should be directed towards the use of fisheries resources to ensure livelihood opportunities.
Indonesia and SEAFDEC: some thoughts on the partnership
Firstly, it should be noted that fisheries are not the only ones responsible for the destruction of the environment (mangroves, coral reefs). With SEAFDEC's four departments, each with different tasks (marine fisheries, aquaculture, post-harvest, and resource development and management), which department is a top priority of Indonesia to help its fisheries program. If the priority is to be given to one area, training in marine fisheries, etc., will be most useful.
Indonesia's coastal and marine habitats have the world's most extensive mangrove forests, seagrass beds and coral reefs, which provide nesting sites and habitats for a large number of species of fish, crustaceans, shellfish and endemic animals. About 75% of Indonesia is marine and coastal waters, including 3.1 million km2 of territorial sea and 2.7 million km2 of exclusive economic zone (EEZ). With this consideration, the Indonesian government has adopted policies to encourage the development of modern and traditional systems side by side through its fishpond forests or “tambak” areas.
Silvofisheries in Indonesia
S ILVOFISHERIES
This is believed to be related to increased pollutant levels in "tambak" areas. It reduces the impact of aquaculture on mangroves, but also the profit from fish and crab farming in canal areas. In the period from 1977, fishing proved to be the leading economic growth.
It forms the basis for the operation of protected natural areas, coastal zones such as mangrove rehabilitation, while Law 24 of 1992 integrates management functions related to land use. There are two types of rice-fish culture in Indonesia: (1) simultaneous rice-fish culture in the same field at the same time and (2) crop rotation, where rice and fish are grown alternately as crops in the same rice field. In the coastal areas of East Java, there is a special system called sawak tambak (dela Cruz 2000).
Rice-fish culture systems
Rice fishing culture has a long history in Indonesia, beginning in the 9th century in West Java. The widespread practical rice-fish culture in irrigated areas of West Java are: minapadi, penye-lang and fish palawija. The difference is that the rice-fishery is connected to a lake reserve instead of a channel.
In the last pattern, ducks are allowed to roam the rice field 25-30 days after transplanting rice. It became the main product of aquaculture ponds when appropriate culture technology, including mass production of seeds, in the. Thailand has been the largest shrimp exporter to the US for the past three years, while Indonesia ranks fifth, Kitono said.
A glimpse at shrimp culture in Indonesia
Semi-intensive culture is encouraged especially in the densely cultivated areas by reducing stocking density and applying less chemicals. Also in shrimp farming systems, farmers in the same area are encouraged to work more closely together, especially in the use of water supply and disposal of used water to drain canals. This is no surprise because one of the biggest and best aquaculture training centers this side of the Pacific Ocean is found in the Philippines, and we refer to SEAFDEC/AQD.
And who else will lead the way but six former SEAFDEC/AQD employees who have worked on some of the world's largest shrimp farms. With the decline of the shrimp industry due to disease in the early 1990s, Suñaz worked for USAID and FAO abroad as a short-term consultant. Then in 1993, he accepted a job in Lampung, Sumatra for PT Dipasena - one of the largest shrimp farms in the world with a total area of 16,000 ha, consisting of about 4,500 shrimp ponds upon completion.
Filipino expats in Indonesia’s shrimp industry
With the decline of the industry, I decided to use my expertise in Indonesia, where the shrimp industry was then in its infancy. My specific job was to conduct studies for the development of the basin system. He also added that the English language proficiency of Filipinos is many times greater than that of Indonesians.
He has also conducted several seminars and trainings to develop and update technical skills and competencies of research and technical personnel. According to Reyes, some of the shrimp aquaculture projects there are large and integrated; these do not exist in the Philippines or elsewhere. My job required a lot of selfless efforts to achieve the goal of the Department.
On the web: Indonesia
F ISH L INK 2000
Cesar Drilon, SEAFDEC Council Director for the Philippines Office of the Undersecretary for Fisheries and Legislative Affairs Department of Agriculture, Elliptical Street, Diliman, Quezon City 1104 FAX.
AQD TRAINING COURSES
Videos from SEAFDEC/AQD
SEAFDEC websites on the internet
New publications
Diseases of penaeid shrimp in the Philippines, an 83-page second edition of a book first published in 1988. Tilapia cage culture in dams and small farm tanks, a 14-page manual detailing cage design network and farm management. Milkfish Ecology and Cultivation, a 117-page monograph discussing the life history and ecology and various aspects of the farming industry in the Philippines.
Mudcrab, a 32-page manual providing a general overview of mudcrab species of commercial value and their reared monoculture in ponds; polyculture with milkfish; and fattening in ponds, mangroves and cages. Please enter my subscription to SEAFDEC Asian Aquaculture for: ( ) one year ( ) two years ( ) three years. Payment can be made by bank draft/check in US dollars drawn on any US bank or money order in Philippine pesos payable to SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department.
The objectives of the program for the fisheries sub-sector are: (1) food security through sustainable development and management of fisheries resources; (2) socio-economic upliftment of subsistence fishers; and (3) fisher empowerment. Indonesia's membership strengthens SEAFDEC's presence in the ASEAN region, as innovations in fish production find their way into member countries' programs and policies. An example of this is the initiation of regional guidelines for the implementation of the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries in relation to aquaculture.
Another example is the development of a mangrove-friendly shrimp culture technology that has a special meaning for Indonesia, since it has 3,533,600 hectares of mangrove areas. Indonesia has much to share with SEAFDEC's other member countries as a country of great skills and experience in fisheries and aquaculture gained over centuries. With this new association with Indonesia, SEAFDEC is expanding its powerful influence in the ASEAN region, especially in the areas of responsible fisheries and aquaculture that will ensure future generations of quality and sufficient fish stocks.
Panu Tavarutmaneegul
